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1.
微震台网的监测能力反映在监测范围和监测精度两个方面。通过对单台拾震器监测能力的分析,得出微震定位动态子台网组合的判别准则(即监测范围),利用广义逆的奇异值分解技术,计算估计震源参数精度的参量空间协方差矩阵,进而得出震源参数误差的等值线图(即监测精度),并使用线性相关系数证明此种评估方法的可靠性。采用此方法研究唐口煤矿微震监测台网的定位误差分布,与实际定位误差对比,吻合率较高。 相似文献
2.
针对煤矿上覆岩层层状赋存和离层带的特点,构建矿井尺度的微震监测系统异向波速模型,模型中波速向量由地面探头速度与井下探头速度组成.研究了在只有强矿震信号和混有爆破信号两种条件下,以到时残差最小为目标和震源定位误差最小为目标的两种求解模型,模型求解选用具有全局寻优特性的遗传算法与CMEAS算法结合的混合算法.现场实际应用得出,只使用爆破信号的到时残差法最优,混有强矿震信号的到时残差法其次;与爆破信号定位所用的统一简化波速模型相比,震源定位误差大幅度降低.在此基础上进一步减低定位误差,还需从微震台网的优化布设方面解决. 相似文献
3.
由于区域地震台网布设到开采矿区，加拿大对矿震活动的监测工作已得到了改进。矿震的强度、频度，会随着采矿向更深处发展并随开采率的加速而增加．因为许多矿山（钾盐、煤和金属）的面积范围较大，所以现今监测这些矿震的最可行和最实用的方法是，在发生微震活动的矿内或矿的地表布设地震台网。在少数几个矿山周围已部署了地震台网，并且还计划在近代经历过剧烈矿震的其它矿山周围布设地震台网。本文描述了６次矿震的震源机制，并且介绍了有关的Ｐ波、Ｓ波辐射图像。把实际地震的辐射图像与理论上的预测进行比较，是判断潜在源机制的快速方法，另外，可用识别较大事件前的微震活动图像方法来减轻严重事件所造成的潜在损失。 相似文献
4.
随着煤炭开采深度和强度的增大,冲击矿压已成为煤矿普遍的安全问题.具体针对煤矿冲击矿压的时空预测难题,进一步发展了微震多维信息的时空预测方法：首先,构建微震多维信息识别指标体系,包括优选的频次指标和新提出的震源集中程度、最大应力和总应力当量指标;其次,基于归一化方法、异常分级判别准则和时空统计滑移模型,分别获得各指标的时序曲线和空间云图;然后,采用R值评分法评估和检验各指标的预测效能,并依此赋予各指标权重;最后,应用综合异常指数方法,实时定量分析监测区域的冲击险状态、具体危险区域及等级.预测实例表明,该方法综合考虑了微震时、空、强要素,预测效能较高,并能从时序上定量描述监测区域的冲击危险状态,空间上定量反映监测时段内的冲击危险区域及等级,现场中指导实施防冲措施,在一定程度上解决了现场防冲措施实施的盲目性,从而进一步发展了煤矿冲击矿压的时空监测预报方法. 相似文献
5.
张北—尚义地震序列的空间分布,构造活动性初探 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
利用张北－尚义地震极震区布设的微震仪所记录余震的精确定位结果,通过震中分布图,结合利用全球数字台网波形资料测定的震源参数结果,以及震区构造背景,对张北－尚义地震的发震构造及其构造活动性进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
6.
煤矿井下微震震源准确定位,对于动力灾害监测预警具有重要意义.由于微震震源需要通过井下传感器接收信息反演确定,传感器的安装位置限制于煤矿井下巷道周围,传感器沿巷道近平面的不合理布置将大大降低震源定位精度.针对由传感器信息反演震源位置引起的病态问题,本文提出了基于微震监测测点优化布置的震源高精度定位算法.首先通过计算系数矩阵条件数,判定病态问题;然后利用中心化法和行平衡法联合进行病态矩阵预处理.对预处理后的矩阵A、b利用L曲线法计算正则参数,结合Tikhonov正则化算法计算得到震源坐标正则解.研究结果表明,中心化法有效降低了矩阵数量级,行平衡预处理降低了病态条件数,预处理后Tikhonov正则解的震源坐标误差最小可以达到3.09m,与预处理前的高斯消去解相比误差大大降低.通过上述优化处理,实现了井下受限空间微震监测震源高精度定位. 相似文献
7.
荣代潞 《地震地磁观测与研究》2014,(3):1-7
利用哥伦比亚大学 GCMT 目录给出的祁连山中东段地区中强地震震源机制资料,研究较大区域（34°-41°N,100°-106°E）的应力场;利用该地区布设的中法微震数字监测台网多年监测资料和甘肃数字监测台网资料,使用 P 波和 S 波初动及振幅比联合反演方法,反演中小地震震源机制解和发震应力场。结果表明,地区构造应力大致为北东40°-45°水平向压应力;景泰地区主压应力方向约北东45°,绝大多数地震为走滑型。天祝-古浪地区有相当部分的逆断层地震分布,主压应力方向约60°,P 轴仰角在10°左右优势分布,大致为水平应力场。这与大区域构造应力场和断层实际分布基本一致。 相似文献
8.
荣代潞 《地震地磁观测与研究》2014,(Z2)
利用哥伦比亚大学GCMT目录给出的祁连山中东段地区中强地震震源机制资料,研究较大区域(34°-41°N,100°-106°E)的应力场;利用该地区布设的中法微震数字监测台网多年监测资料和甘肃数字监测台网资料,使用P波和S波初动及振幅比联合反演方法,反演中小地震震源机制解和发震应力场。结果表明,地区构造应力大致为北东40°-45°水平向压应力;景泰地区主压应力方向约北东45°,绝大多数地震为走滑型。天祝-古浪地区有相当部分的逆断层地震分布,主压应力方向约60°,P轴仰角在10°左右优势分布,大致为水平应力场。这与大区域构造应力场和断层实际分布基本一致。 相似文献
9.
2013年4月20日发生了四川芦山MS7.0地震,主震中位于青藏地块与华南地块结合部的龙门山断裂带南端.本研究用双差定位法对芦山地震主震及余震序列进行重新定位,得到主震位置为(30.29°N,102.97°E,17.82 km)及4100多次余震重新定位结果.利用GSN/IRIS台网和国家台网及四川省区域台网的波形数据对主震及部分余震进行了震源机制解反演.结果表明,主震为一次逆冲地震,根据余震序列分布确定发震断层面走向为200°,震源机制解断层倾角为45°.基于震源断层面解和断层滑动方向,采用力轴张量计算法得到了研究区域的平均主压应力方向约为N112°E. 相似文献
10.
利用河南新密超化镇某矿区布设的密集临时地震台网观测资料,通过微震震源精确定位手段,实现强干扰背景下该地区某煤矿地下开采面的定位追踪试验研究。微震定位后,爆破点位置的水平精度为±70m,垂直精度为±500m。试验研究结果表明,利用高密度数字地震台网资料,可较为准确地监测矿山地下开采面的动态变化,从而实现对矿产资源越界开采和小矿非法开采的有效制约和监督。同时,本次试验结果显示地震台网的监测控制范围受爆炸源能量、地下开采面的深度、监测区背景噪声、监测仪器的灵敏度和抗干扰能力等因素影响,试验结果可对今后矿区地震监测台网的合理布设提供有效指导。 相似文献
11.
深井高应力、高岩压诱发的冒顶、片帮、塌方、岩爆等地压灾害严重影响了矿山安全生产。随着高精度、高采样率传感器的研发和计算机技术的飞速发展,微震高精度实时监测技术不断完善,微震监测已成为矿山地压灾害监测预警的重要手段。通过设计、研发完全自主知识产权的BSN(BGRIMM Seismic Network)微震监测系统,实现了微震信号数据采集、多通道时钟同步、噪声压制、到时自动拾取、震源定位等功能,并结合统计地震学的相关方法,初步实现了基于微震活动性分析的岩体危险性评价。本文主要从矿山微震监测数据采集、预处理、定位、活动性分析等模块介绍BSN微震监测系统全流程,并对监测系统在广西某矿山的实际应用案例进行分析。 相似文献
12.
This project was started in 1985, after a particularly extensive period of rockburst activity in several Ontario mines. Three parties participated in the project: the Government of Canada, through CANMET, the Ontario Ministries of Labour and Northern Development and Mines, and the Ontario Mining Association.The first two years of the project have been mainly devoted to the design and installation of new seismic monitoring systems. It is intended to install three different types of monitoring systems at the four mining camps experiencing rockbursts (Red Lake, Elliot Lake, Sudbury, and Kirkland Lake). Seismograph units will be installed at each mining camp to obtain permanent records of the larger seismic events and their magnitude. Macroseismic systems are being installed around five mines (Campbell, Quirke, Strathcona, Creighton and Macassa). These systems consist of triaxial, strong-motion geophones with processing units for event detection and data digitization. Complete waveforms are captured to study first motion, peak particle velocity, seismic energy and spectral frequency. At present 13 mines in Ontario operate their own microseismic systems which are used exclusively for real time source location of seismic events.The instrumentation already installed and the present research activities at the mines are described in the paper.Presented at the Fred Leighton Memorial Workshop on Mining Induced Seismicity, Montreal 1987. 相似文献
13.
分析矿震破裂机制及微震的时空分布能够为矿区灾害评估提供更多的有效信息.本研究基于密集台阵观测对2019年11月12日辽宁抚顺2.4级矿震开展震源参数研究,震源机制解显示地震破裂包含明显的非双力偶分量,表现为体积压缩的塌陷机制,且震源深度较浅,最佳拟合矩心深度为0.6 km.同时,对11月3日—25日记录的连续地震波形开展微震扫描,新检测出324个微震事件(-0.5~2.0级),定位结果显示在M 2.4矿震发生前M>1.0级事件显著增多,且在矿震位置存在近南北向的微震条带分布,微震序列随时间向深部迁移(约1.5 km),暗示存在断层活化迹象.结合震源破裂机制,我们认为此次事件与矿区塌陷破裂密切相关,同时伴随先存断裂的剪切滑动.本研究表明,基于密集台阵观测的地震矩张量反演和微震检测研究,对判定矿震类型及防范矿区灾害具有重要的研究意义. 相似文献
14.
Since 1972, Weir-Jones Engineering Consultants (WJEC) has been involved in the development and installation of microseismic monitoring systems for the mining, heavy construction and oil/gas industries. To be of practical value in an industrial environment, microseismic monitoring systems must produce information which is both reliable and timely. The most critical parameters obtained from a microseismic monitoring system are the real-time location and magnitude of the seismic events. Location and magnitude are derived using source location algorithms that typically utilize forward modeling and iterative optimal estimation techniques to determine the location of the global minimum of a predefined cost function in a three-dimensional solution space. Generally, this cost function is defined as the RMS difference between measured seismic time series information and synthetic measurements generated by assuming a velocity structure for the area under investigation (forward modeling). The seismic data typically used in the source location algorithm includes P- and S-wave arrival times, and raypath angles of incidence obtained from P-wave hodogram analysis and P-wave first break identification. In order to obtain accurate and timely source location estimates it is of paramount importance that the extraction of accurate P-wave and S-wave information from the recorded time series be automated—in this way consistent data can be made available with minimal delay. WJEC has invested considerable resources in the development of real-time digital filters to optimize extraction, and this paper outlines some of the enhancements made to existing Kalman Filter designs to facilitate the automation of P-wave first break identification. 相似文献
15.
Reservoir earthquake characteristics such as small magnitude and large quantity may result in low monitoring efficiency when using traditional methods. However, methods based on deep learning can discriminate the seismic phases of small earthquakes in a reservoir and ensure rapid processing of arrival time picking. The present study establishes a deep learning network model combining a convolutional neural network (CNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN). The neural network training uses the waveforms of 60 000 small earthquakes within a magnitude range of 0.8-1.2 recorded by 73 stations near the Dagangshan Reservoir in Sichuan Province as well as the data of the manually picked P-wave arrival time. The neural network automatically picks the P-wave arrival time, providing a strong constraint for small earthquake positioning. The model is shown to achieve an accuracy rate of 90.7% in picking P waves of microseisms in the reservoir area, with a recall rate reaching 92.6% and an error rate lower than 2%. The results indicate that the relevant network structure has high accuracy for picking the P-wave arrival times of small earthquakes, thus providing new technical measures for subsequent microseismic monitoring in the reservoir area. 相似文献
16.
Induced seismicity in mines in Canada—An overview 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Henry S. Hasegawa Robert J. Wetmiller Don J. Gendzwill 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1989,129(3-4):423-453
Monitoring of mine-induced seismicity in Canada has improved with the expansion of regional seismograph networks into areas of active mining. However, the severity, and in some cases the frequency, of mine-induced tremors has increased as mining extends to greater depths and at accelerated rates of extraction. Because of the complex design and large areal extent of many mines (potash, coal and metalliferous), the most feasible and practical way to monitor these tremors at the present time is to deploy a network of seismometers in and on the surface above mines experiencing microearthquake activity. A few of these mines already have a network of seismometers deployed around them and plans are under way to deploy seismograph networks around other mines that have experienced some rather severe tremors in recent times. Six possible mechanisms for mine-induced tremors are described and the associatedP- andS-wave radiation patterns presented. A comparison of actual seismic radiation patterns with theoretical predictions is a quick way to diagnose the potential source mechanisms. In addition, recognizing the pattern of microearthquake activity preceding larger tremors can be used to mitigate the potential effects of severe tremors. 相似文献
17.
R. P. Young S. Talebi D. A. Hutchins T. I. Urbancic 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1989,129(3-4):455-474
Rockbursts and mining-induced seismic events have serious socio-economic consequences for the Canadian mining industry, as their mines are extended to greater depths. Automatic multichannel monitoring systems (Electro-Lab MP250s) are routinely, used to detect the arrival times of seismic waves radiated by mining-induced events and sensed on an array of single component transducers installed throughout a mine. These arrival times are then used to locate the events and produce maps of areas of high activity for use in mine planning and design. This approach has limitations in that, it does not allow a detailed analysis of source mechanisms, which could be extracted if whole waveform signals are recorded and analyzed.A major research project, sponsored by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) with the collaboration of the Canadian mining industry, is aimed at enhancing existing mine seismic monitoring technology in Canada, in order to carry out more advanced processing of data to obtain fundamental scientific information on mining-induced seismic events This paper describes preliminary results from seismic monitoring experiments carried out in a hard rock nickel mine in Sudbury, Canada. Existing seismic monitoring instrumentation was enhanced with a low cost microcomputer-based whole waveform seismic acquisition system. Some of the signals recorded during this experiment indicate anisotropic wave propagation through the mine rock masses, as observed by the splitting of shear waves and the relative arrival of two shear waves polarized in directions which may be related to the structural fabric and/or state of stress in the rock mass. Analysis of compressional wave first motion shows the predominance of shear events, as indicated by focal mechanism studies and is confirmed by spectral analysis of the waveforms. The source parameters were estimated fro typical low magnitude localized microseismic events during the initial monitoring experiments. The seismic moment of these events varied between 106 N.m and 2.108 N.m. with a circular source radius of between 1 m and 2 m with an estimated stress drop of the order of 1 MPa. 相似文献
18.
Navid Hosseini 《Journal of Seismology》2017,21(5):1101-1110
Rockburst is a typical dynamic disaster in underground coal mines which its occurrences relate to the mechanical quality of coal seam and surrounding rock mass and also the condition of stress distribution. The main aim of this paper is to study the potential of rockburst in a longwall coal mine by using of passive seismic velocity tomography and image subtraction technique. For this purpose, first by mounting an array of receivers on the surface above the active panel, the mining-induced seismic data as a passive source for several continuous days were recorded. Then, the three-dimensional tomograms using simultaneous iteration reconstruction technique (SIRT) for each day are created and by employing the velocity filtering, the overstressed zones are detected. In addition, the two-dimensional seismic velocity tomograms in coal seam level by slicing the three-dimensional tomograms are obtained. Then the state of stress changes in successive days by applying the image subtraction technique on these two-dimensional tomograms is considered. The results show that the compilation of filtered three-dimensional tomograms and subtracted images is an appropriate approach for detecting the overstressed zones around the panel and subsequent evaluation of rockburst potential. The research conclusion proves that the applied approach in this study in combination with field observations of rock mass status can effectively identify the rockburst-prone areas during the mining operation and help to improve the safety condition. 相似文献
19.
由于地面微地震监测台站布设在地表,会受到地表起伏、低降速带厚度和速度变化的影响,降低了微地震事件的识别准确度和定位精度,限制了地面微地震监测技术在复杂地表地区的应用.因此,将三维地震勘探技术的思路引入到地面微地震监测中,提出了三维地震与地面微地震联合校正方法,将油气勘探和开发技术更加紧密地结合在一起.根据三维地震数据和低降速带测量数据,通过约束层析反演方法建立精确的近地表速度模型,将地面微地震台站从起伏地表校正到高速层中的平滑基准面上,有效消除复杂近地表的影响.其次,根据射孔数据和声波测井速度信息,通过非线性反演方法建立最优速度模型,由于已经消除复杂近地表的影响,在进行速度模型优化时不需要考虑近地表的影响,因而建立的速度模型更加准确.最后,在精确速度模型的基础上,通过互相关方法求取剩余静校正量,进一步消除了复杂近地表和速度模型近似误差的影响.三维地震与地面微地震联合校正方法采用逐步校正的思路,能够有效消除复杂近地表的影响,提高微地震数据的品质和速度模型的精确度,保证了微地震事件的定位精度,具有良好的应用前景. 相似文献