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1.
地层学的进展对盆地研究的意义 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
地层学是地质研究的基本问题.从传统地层学发展到地震地层学及层序地层学,地层学的研究发生了一个极大的飞跃.其重要意义可与板块学说的问世相比拟.地震记录仪器的更新换代,地震学和地震勘探技术的发展,是层序地层学得以诞生的基础之一.运用层序地层学理论和方法确切地识别沉积相、沉积环境,建立完整的沉积体系,预测油气的生储盖组合,更易追踪对比的目标层.因此,它对于盆地研究具有非常重要的意义. 相似文献
2.
在等时层序格架建立的基础上,利用地震资料研究各体系域内部沉积体的空间展布、叠置样式和沉积演化过程,进而预测各体系域中砂体的分布,是层序地层学应用于勘探实践的重要内容.OpendTect系统在三维地震倾角扫描的基础上,①以地震采样点空间信息为导向,实现了层序界面控制下的地震小层自动追踪,可以精细刻画出体系域内部沉积体地震反射结构和空间展布;②通过对各层序单元内部地震小层追踪结果进行层拉平,实现了时间域到Wheeler域的自动变换,可以更加直观地分析地层沉积演化历史;③通过沿沉积体内部小层面提取地震属性,实现了等时地层切片的提取,减少了地震属性多解性,提高了预测精度.OpendTect系统提供了一种新的基于层序地层的地震综合解释技术和思路. 相似文献
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地震数据中低频成分倾向于反映较厚的岩性地层单元,而高频成分倾向于刻画较薄的等时沉积单元,因此地震分频解释有助于精细沉积层序分析.但目前地震沉积学方法中使用频率滤波方法得到的分频剖面中,地层反射信息不全,不是真正意义上的分频地层反射剖面.为此,本文提出了一种基于时变子波稀疏脉冲反褶积的分频地震层序分析方法,目的是为了得到地层信息较全的真分频地层反射剖面.拟合例子中使用本文提出方法得到的分频地层反射剖面与真实情况相差非常小,验证了本文方法的准确性和有效性.对三角洲前积沉积层序的实例分析,可以清楚得到原始地震剖面中无法显示的细层层序,可用于精细层序分析. 相似文献
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介绍了应用钻井和三维地震资料来划分高精度(四级)层序和体系域的地震沉积学方法。其关键技术包括:(1)将地震数据进行90°相位调整来记录岩性,从而获得更完善的测井资料;(2)假设并解释沉积体系中连续的平面地貌特征。下面我们推荐一种新的解释方法,就是将高精度层序地层学的研究重点从解释垂直地震剖面转变为分析更加水平、分辨率更高的地震地貌信息。这方面的研究表明,有岩性限制的地震资料中,地层切片可提供通常为同沉积体系的连续地震图像。反过来,这种图像又可作为识别和划分高频体系域、层序边界以及层序地质年代范围的基础。在路易斯安那近海的中新统地层中,运用测井资料划分的四级层序或层序组,可通过地震资料来划分,地震数据体的主频为30Hz,相当于分辨率为30ft(10m)。所用的这一分辨率在井控外的地震覆盖区,对高精度层序地层格架进行精确再现非常有效。 相似文献
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常规地震剖面由于分辨率有限,难以实现高频层序的解释,本文采用反射系数反演技术和地层切片技术,形成了高频层序解释方法.反射系数反演技术有效提高了地震剖面的分辨率,有利于建立三级层序格架,结合地层切片技术,可以方便快速的得到初始高频层序界面,采用平面控制剖面的解释方法,用切片平面沉积展布的合理性检验高频层序解释的合理性和等时性,指导高频剖面上高频层序解释方案的调整,减少了层位解释的多解性,增强了层位的等时性.在高频层序格架控制下形成新的地层切片,等时性比三级层序格架更强,可以更好的刻画平面沉积特征.高频层序解释技术避免了常规层位解释的繁琐和多解性,具有很强的实用性,同时高频层序的地震相分析又为沉积微相研究提供了可靠的基础资料,有利于储层预测或开发级别的储层研究. 相似文献
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塔里木地台北部寒武纪-奥陶纪层序地层及其与扬子地台和华北地台的对比 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
以详细的露头层序地层研究为基础,概述了塔里木地台北部寒武纪-奥陶纪的层序地层系统.该系统以不同级别的层序为基本单元所构成,包括35个三级层序,12个超层序,4个超层序组和2个巨层序.同时,结合地震剖面和钻井资料,对其中的重要层序界面特征进行了讨论,并通过生物地层与层序地层相结合的方法,标定了重要层序界面的年龄.通过对塔里木地台寒武纪-奥陶纪层序地层与扬子地台和华北地台同期层序地层的对比研究发现,其间有较好的对应关系.说明寒武纪-奥陶纪时中国三大地台上碳酸盐岩层序的发育主要受控于大区域和全球性的海平面变化.这为在我国三大地台区寒武系-奥陶系中开展以层序地层学为基础的高分辨率年代地层体制研究提供了理论支持. 相似文献
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正本文以陇东地区三叠系延长组长7、长8、长9为研究对象,运用扫描电镜、阴极发光、铸体薄片等测试技术,以野外露头数据、岩心数据、测井资料、测试分析资料为基础,对鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组事件沉积存在的证据进行了较为充分的证明分析。证实了研究区存在地震事件、火山事件、缺氧事件和重力流沉积等事件沉积现象,对记录事件沉积的震积岩、凝灰岩、烃源岩及重力流的沉积特征进行了详细描述。地震的定义是指火山活动、断裂和地层崩塌等因素诱 相似文献
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南海北部深水底流沉积作用 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
南海北部深水陆坡区存在极为活跃的深水底流沉积作用. 通过浅地层地震剖面解释发现, 该地区由于深水底流的搬运作用, 在水深1000~2700 m左右的陆坡地带形成NE-SW向分布的迁移水道. 在水道东侧断续形成由东北向西南方向推进的高沉积速率堆积体, 堆积体内部叠加层呈NE-SW向前积堆积特征, 由牵引流沉积而成. 发育在东沙群岛东南侧的高沉积速率堆积体就是其中之一, 其12 ka以来沉积速率高达97 cm/ka, 是南海目前所知沉积速率最高的海区. 地震剖面显示, 该深水底流极有可能是由进入南海的西太平洋环流演变而成, 挟带南海北部来源的沉积物沿大陆坡由东北向西南方向搬运沉积, 最终消失在中央海盆中. 由于深水底流作用的存在, 造成南海北部深海区复杂的搬运沉积格局. 相似文献
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Wheeler域储层地震预测技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用常规地震数据进行层序划分、沉积相识别、沉积演化分析及储层预测,因受现今构造趋势的影响,具有较强的多解性.Wheeler域地震资料因具有等时性,地层旋回性清楚、展布范围明了,井震标定后便于层序及体系域划分,易于识别砂体,在进行地层的沉积演化过程分析,可以在相控约束下分析砂体的分布特征、成因,评价有利储层,减少多解性.本文通过正演探讨了同一沉积模式,不同地震频率下的地震成像,研究了不同沉积模式下的Wheeler转换方法,实现了地震资料从常规时间域转换到Wheeler域.通过Wheeler域井震标定,建立起地震地质的联系;拓展性的提出了在地震最小研究单元内,在双域(常规时间域和Wheeler域)进行解释和综合研究的技术流程;建立了基于地震沉积学的储层地震预测技术.并在准噶尔盆地西缘白垩系储层研究进行了应用.经钻井证实,这种基于地震沉积学的Wheeler域储层地震预测技术比较准确,效果良好,值得完善和推广. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2015,(6)
The Dongsha submarine canyon is a large canyon belonging to a group of canyons on the northeastern South China Sea margin. Investigation of the Dongsha canyon is important for understanding the origin of this canyon group as well as the transport mechanism of sediments on the margin, and the evolution of the Taixinan foreland basin and the associated Taiwan orogenic belt. In this study, the morphology, sedimentary characteristics, and origin of the Dongsha canyon were investigated by integrating high-resolution multi-channel seismic reflection profiles and high-precision multibeam bathymetric data. This is a slope-confined canyon that originates in the upper slope east of the Dongsha Islands, extends downslope in the SEE direction, and finally merges with the South Taiwan Shoal canyon at a water depth of 3000 m. The total length and average width of the canyon are around 190 and 10 km, respectively. Eleven seismic sequence boundaries within the canyon fills were identified and interpreted as incision surfaces of the canyon. In the canyon fills, four types of seismic facies were defined: parallel onlap fill, chaotic fill, mounded divergent facies, and migrated wavy facies. The parallel onlap fill facies is interpreted as alternating coarser turbidites or other gravity-flow deposits and fine hemipelagic sediments filling the canyon valley. The chaotic fill facies is presumed to be debrites and/or basal lag deposits filling the thalwegs. The mounded divergent and migrated wavy seismic facies can be explained as canyon levees consisting mainly of overspilled fine turbidites and sediment waves on the levees or on the canyon-mouth submarine fans. Age correlation between the sequence boundaries and the ODP Site 1144 data suggests that the Dongsha canyon was initiated at approximately 0.9 Ma in the middle Pleistocene. Mapping of the canyon indicates that the canyon originated at the upstream portion of the middle reach of the modern canyon, and has been continuously expanding both upstream and downstream by retrogressive erosion, incision, and deposition of turbidity currents and other gravity transport processes. The ages of the sequence boundaries representing major canyon incision events are in good agreement with those of global sea-level lowstands, indicating that sea-level changes may have played an important role in the canyon's development. The Dongsha canyon developed in a region with an active tectonic background characterized by the Taiwan uplifting and the development of the Taixinan foreland basin. However, no evidence suggests that the canyon formation is directly associated with local or regional faulting and magmatic activities. Turbidity currents and other gravity transport processes(including submarine slides and slumps) may have had an important influence on the formation and evolution of the canyon. 相似文献
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An exceptionally well-exposed, ancient, intra-arc basin in the Permian Takitimu Group of New Zealand contains 14 km of interbedded primary volcanic and marine volcaniclastic rocks of basaltic to rhyodacitic composition. These are the products of subaerial and submarine arc volcanism and closely associated turbidite sedimentation. The Takitimu oceanic arc/basin setting formed a dynamic closed sedimentary system in which large volumes of volcaniclastic material generated at the arc was rapidly redeposited in marine basins flanking the eruptive centres. Volcanism probably included (1) moderate- to deep-water extrusion of lava and deposition of hyaloclastite, (2) extrusive and explosive eruptions from shallow marine to marginally emergent volcanoes in or on the margin of the basin, and (3) Plinian and phreato-Plinian eruptions from more distant subaerial vents along the arc. Much of the newly erupted material was rapidly transported to the adjacent marine basin by debris flows, slumping and sliding. Hemipelagic sedimentation predominated on the outer margin of the basin, infrequently interrupted by deposition of ash from the most explosive arc volcanism and the arrival of extremely dilute turbidites. Turbidite sedimentation prevailed in the remainder of the basin, producing a thick prograding volcaniclastic apron adjacent to the arc. The volcaniclastic strata closely resemble classic turbidite deposits, and show similar lateral facies variations to submarine fan deposits. Study of such sequences provides insight into poorly understood processes in modern arc-related basins. 相似文献
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ZhiJun Niu AnWu Xu JianXiong Wang QiFa Duan XiaoMing Zhao HuaZhou Yao 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(4):594-607
Pan-riftizational tectonic activity reached climax at Luodianian (Permian) in the East Tethyan Domain, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Because of eruptive volcanics and influence of terrigenous materials, a complex volcanic-sedimentary landform formed on the sea floor in southern Qinghai. Four sedimentary facies types were recognized based on detailed field mapping. Spatially, platform facies volcanic-limestone type was located at the center belt approximately trending NWW, surrounded by shallow water slope facies tuff/tuffite type at the two flanks and deep water slope facies breccia/calcirudite at the most outside. The depression facies sandstone-mudstone type, which comprised mainly mudstone, de-posited between volcanic islands (platform facies volcanic-limestone type). Based on the field map-ping and stratigraphic section data, seven rift-related sedimentary facies were recognized and a depo-sitional model for volcanic island was proposed. It is revealed that some volcanic island chain formed quickly and intermittently in the Qamdo Block during violent eruption, and small carbonate reef, shoal, platform occurred above or on edge of volcanic island, and some slope sedimentary facies surrounded volcano island chain during dormant period of volcanic activities. Three types of fusulinid assemblages were distinguished in the carbonate rocks, which deposited in varied positions of a palaeo-volcanic island: (1) Misellina-Schwagerina assemblage occurred above or on edge of volcanic island, (2) Para-fusulina assemblage was located at restricted depression facies among volcanic islands or carbonate platform, and (3) the reworked Pseudofusulina-Schwagerina assemblage occurred at slope facies near margin of volcanic island, which originally deposited in the shallow-water carbonate platform, then collapsed along the volcanic island margin with fusulinid-bearing grain-supported carbonate con-glomerate or calcirudite, and finally re-deposited on the deeper slope. The sedimentary sequence re-sulting from calm shallow water was deposited at the interior of the Qamdo Block from the Devonian to early Early Permian. At the beginning of the peak period of activity of pan-riftzation (Luodianian), al-ternate volcanic island and shallow marine environment within continent crust came into being. Uni-form and stable shallow-water carbonate platform was formed during the Xiangboan. This suggested that the activity of rift basin was evidently weakened. Subsequently the instability of the basin appre-ciably increased with the occurrence of basalt in late Kuhfengian. At last the whole Qamdo Block turned into the closure period of rift during the Late Permian. 相似文献
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中国近海前新生代残留盆地初探 总被引：32，自引：18，他引：14
中国近海沉积盆地按形成时代可以划分为新生代盆地和前新生代盆地。新生代陆相碎屑岩断陷盆地有良好的油气前景,而古生代还有广泛海相碳酸盐岩分布地区,只要它们经受中生代挤压,改造后还能保留下来,就具有巨大的油气潜力。初步分析中国近海的油气勘探资料及大地构造演化史表明,陆内断坳盆地下伏以古生代碳酸盐岩为主的残留盆地。而陆缘盆地并不是寻找古生代残留盆地的场所。但在台西南盆地,珠江口盆地潮汕坳陷发育海相中生代盆 相似文献
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总结分析了第２９届国际地质大会上有关含油气盆地分析中某些方面的进展，主要包括：（１）弧后及大陆裂谷盆地、克拉通盆地、前陆盆地以及与走滑作用有关的盆地形成的地球动力学背景及形成机理分析；（２）利用砂岩岩石学和火山岩地球化学特征探讨盆地形成的构造背景及其演化；（３）层序地层学在分析沉积盆地沉积充填特征及历史、识别和预测储集砂体、预测源岩分布及有机质丰度中的应用；（４）盆地发育过程中主要地质作用的数值模拟；（５）油气生成、运移和聚集的数值模拟。 相似文献
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At Rakiraki in northeastern Viti Levu, the Pliocene Ba Volcanic Group comprises gently dipping, pyroxene-phyric basaltic lavas, including pillow lava, and texturally diverse volcanic breccia interbedded with conglomerate and sandstone. Three main facies associations have been identified: (1) The primary volcanic facies association includes massive basalt (flows and sills), pillow lava and related in-situ breccia (pillow-fragment breccia, autobreccia, in-situ hyaloclastite, peperite). (2) The resedimented volcaniclastic facies association consists of bedded, monomict volcanic breccia and scoria lapilli-rich breccia. (3) The volcanogenic sedimentary facies association is composed of bedded, polymict conglomerate and breccia, together with volcanic sandstone and siltstone-mudstone facies. Pillow lava and coarse hyaloclastite breccia indicate a submarine depositional setting for most of the sequence. Thick, massive to graded beds of polymict breccia and conglomerate are interpreted as volcaniclastic mass-flow deposits emplaced below wave base. Well-rounded clasts in conglomerate were reworked during subaerial transport and/or temporary storage in shoreline or shallow water environments prior to redeposition. Red, oxidised lava and scoria clasts in bedded breccia and conglomerate also imply that the source was partly subaerial. The facies assemblage is consistent with a setting on the submerged flanks of a shoaling basaltic seamount. The coarse grade and large volume of conglomerate and breccia reflect the high supply rate of clasts, and the propensity for collapse and redeposition on steep palaeoslopes. The clast supply may have been boosted by vigorous fragmentation processes accompanying transition of lava from subaerial to submarine settings. The greater proportion of primary volcanic facies compared with resedimented volcaniclastic and volcanogenic sedimentary facies in central and northwestern exposures (near Rakiraki) indicates they are more proximal than those in the southeast (towards Viti Levu Bay). The proximal area coincides with one of two zones where NW-SE-trending mafic dykes are especially abundant, and it is close to several, small, dome-like intrusions of intermediate and felsic igneous rocks. The original surface morphology of the volcano is no longer preserved, though the partial fan of bedding dip azimuths in the south and east and the wide diameter (exceeding 20 km) are consistent with a broad shield. 相似文献
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Roman Spitzer † Robert S. White Philip A.F. Christie the iSIMM Team 《Geophysical Prospecting》2008,56(1):21-31
High‐quality seismic profiles across the Faroes volcanic continental margin and the adjacent continental shelf show contrasting styles of basalt emplacement across two major structural boundaries. At the rifted continental margin, the basalts form prominent seaward dipping reflector sequences up to 5 km thick. The same basalts, after they had travelled in a landward direction across the elevated, subaerial Faroes shelf, produced prominent landward dipping foresets, where they flowed across the paleo‐coastline into the deep water of the Faroe‐Shetland Basin. In both cases we are able to image details of the internal structure of the basalts as a result of using a low‐frequency airgun source capable of penetrating through the basalt sequence, together with long‐offset recordings from ocean bottom seismometers and a 12 km long, deep‐towed, hydrophone streamer. 相似文献
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Yu Higuchi Yutaka Yanagimoto Kazuyoshi Hoshi Sadao Unou Fumio Akiba Kunishige Tonoike Keita Koda 《Island Arc》2007,16(3):374-393
Abstract To clarify the regional distribution and characteristics of the sedimentary deposits in the northern part of the Philippine Sea, multichannel seismic reflection surveys of 26 864 km in total length were performed. The seismic reflection data were interpreted and correlated with available Deep Sea Drilling Project/Ocean Drilling Program (DSDP/ODP) data and a general stratigraphic framework of the area was established. The sedimentary deposits in this area were divided into five layers; Units I, II, III, IV and V in ascending order. Their approximate geological ages are the Early Eocene, Middle to Late Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene and Pliocene‐Pleistocene, respectively. Seismic records were classified into three seismic facies, Facies A, B and C, on the basis of their characteristics. They were judged to represent pelagic and hemipelagic sediments of non‐volcanic origin, fine pyroclastic sediments and coarse pyroclastic or volcanic sediments, respectively, by comparing them with lithological data in the DSDP/ODP holes. From the thickness and facies distributions of these sediments, a sedimentary history in the area was reconstructed as follows. The oldest sediments in the study area, Unit I, interfinger with some parts of the Daito Ridge (acoustic basement) in the Minami Daito Basin. The geological age of the unit is estimated by microfossils in the sediment and supports the idea that this part of the Daito Ridge is composed of the Early Eocene oceanic basalt. Later, a fair amount of sediments were deposited in the Minami Daito Basin in the Middle to Late Eocene age. A large volume of volcanic materials was supplied from the Paleo‐Kyushu‐Palau Ridge in the Kita Daito Basin in the Eocene and Oligocene ages. The eastern part of the Shikoku and Parece Vela basins is characterized by volcanic sediments supplied from the Nishi Shichito and West Mariana Ridges in the Miocene age. However, pelagic and hemipelagic sediments prevail in the northern part of the Shikoku Basin in the Miocene or later. In short, the area of principal sedimentation has generally shifted from west to east through geological time, reflecting the evolution of the island arc systems with the same trend in the northern Philippine Sea. 相似文献