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1.
基于AMSR-E的微波波段地表发射率反演——以青藏高原为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青藏高原以其独特的特征在气候变化中起着重要的作用,而地表发射率对地表参数和大气参数的准确反演也非常重要,因此本文发展了青藏高原微波波段地表发射率的反演算法.首先通过辐射传输方程对地表发射率的反演算法进行了推导,并利用被动微波一维大气辐射模拟器的模拟数据对算法进行了验证,结果显示了较高的精度.接着结合微波辐射计AMSR-E的亮温数据和MODIS提供的大气廓线数据,利用本文发展的算法反演了青藏高原微波波段的地表发射率.最后,分析了青藏高原地表发射率的时空分布特征:从空间特征上分析,反演结果的空间分布符合青藏高原地表覆盖类型的变化,植被湖泊等可以在反演结果中很明显的显现;从时间特征上分析,在一个月的时间尺度上,发射率随时间变化并不明显,每天的变化值在0.01之内.另外通过对青藏高原裸露地表发射率的时间序列研究发现,地表发射率对降雨有非常敏感的响应.反演结果的合理性表明本文的算法具有可行性,可以利用该算法反演青藏高原的地表发射率并建立长时间序列的地表发射率数据库,为青藏高原其他地球系统参数的遥感反演提供基础,为青藏高原的相关地学研究提供数据支持. 相似文献
2.
由于ENVISAT/AATSR资料不同角度热辐射亮度值之间存在较高的相关性从而导致较大误差的产生,本文尝试避开这种误差源,只选取天底观测数据对黄土高原陇东地区整层大气水汽含量及地表温度进行反演.与MODIS整层大气水汽含量产品对比验证表明,本文结果与MODIS产品有一定差异,但是可以直接用于大气透过率的估算.结合野外观测数据对地表温度反演结果的检验表明,最大绝对误差为4.0 ℃,平均相对误差为5.0％,因此,该算法在黄土高原陇东地区应用比较成功. 相似文献
3.
一个针对被动微波AMSR-E数据反演地表温度的物理统计算法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用MODIS的地表温度产品和AMSR-E不同通道之间的亮度温度回归分析表明用89GHzV 做地表温度反演主通道的精度最高. 用AIEM模型模拟表明, 土壤粗糙度和土壤水分变化引起土壤辐射率变化可以通过不同极化波段的差值得到有效的消除, 从而克服了被动微波反演地表温度中辐射率不稳定的困难. 通过回归系数分析表明, 不同的地表覆盖类型的辐射机制是不同的. 要精确地反演地表温度, 至少对地表分成三种覆盖类型, 即水覆盖的地表、雪覆盖的地表以及非雪和水覆盖的地表. 以MODIS地表温度产品作为评价标准, 物理统计方法的平均精度在2~3℃. 相似文献
4.
复杂多变的陆地表微波比辐射率,造成陆面上星载微波观测反演大气参数较为困难,也使得许多卫星微波资料不易同化应用到数值模式,因此迫切需要提供准确可靠的陆面微波地表比辐射率信息.随着卫星观测技术的迅速发展,利用丰富的星载被动微波观测直接反演陆面微波比辐射率成为一种主要手段.国外针对星载微波成像仪和微波垂直探测器开展较为系统的陆面微波比辐射率研究,建立不同类型的地表比辐射率反演方法,开发地表比辐射率参数化方法并应用于辐射资料同化.对于卫星观测反演陆面微波比辐射率存在的问题,开展了评估分析和方法订正.国内利用卫星观测也开展了一些陆面微波比辐射率研究工作,尚需要系统、综合的提炼.对于地表特征复杂的中国地区,还需要评估认识不同陆面微波比辐射率反演方法在我国适用情况,需要增强陆面微波比辐射率数据质量的认识以及业务应用. 相似文献
5.
Landsat 8卫星自2013年2月发射以来,其影像的定标参数经过了不断调整和完善,针对Landsat 8开发的各种算法也相继问世.本文采用最新的参数、算法和引入COST算法建立的大气校正模型,对Landsat 8多光谱和热红外波段进行了处理,反演出它们的反射率和地表温度,并与同日的Landsat 7数据和实测地表温度数据进行了对比.结果表明,现有Landsat 8多光谱数据的定标参数和大气顶部反射率反演算法已有很高的精度,本文引入COST算法建立的Landsat 8大气校正模型也与Landsat 7的COST模型所获得的结果几乎相同,相关系数可高达0.99.但是现有针对Landsat 8提出的地表温度反演算法仍不理想,已提出的劈窗算法误差都较大.鉴于TIRS 11热红外波段的定标参数仍不理想,因此在现阶段建议采用单通道算法单独反演TIRS 10波段来求算地表温度,但要注意根据大气水汽含量的情况选用正确的大气参数计算公式. 相似文献
6.
几种地表微波比辐射率变化特征的地面观测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于地表微波比辐射率观测试验,我们探讨了不同下垫面的地表微波比辐射率的变化特征以及降雨前后地表比辐射率的昼夜变化特征.同时,通过比较红外扫描仪和温度计同步测量的地表温度,发现将温度计浅埋土里比半埋土里测量的更为合理,后者测量的地表温度在中午时不合理偏高15～20℃.对于四种地表,草地比辐射率最高(～0.94),其次是裸土地比辐射率(～0.86),然后是沙地比辐射率(～0.82),水面比辐射率最小(～0.4).在微波辐射计观测入射角 > 60°时,土地和沙地比辐射率都随入射角度增加而减小,尤其前者更为敏感;草地和水面比辐射率随入射角度变化较小.不同地表比辐射率都呈现出昼夜差异,尤其土地、沙地和水面比辐射率在降雨之后的昼夜差异较为显著,夜里普遍偏高白天0.02～0.04;草地比辐射率昼夜差异较小,基本是白天略微高于晚上.降水后,草地微波比辐射率变化较小,裸土地和沙地比辐射率则显著降低.沙地和草地比辐射率随频率变化较小,裸土地比辐射率在降雨之后随频率明显增加. 相似文献
7.
改进的基于订正ALPHA差值谱的TES算法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
与可见光遥感不同, 热红外传感器测得的辐射亮度值是温度和发射率的函数, 因此, 对于热红外遥感, 温度和发射率的分离是一个关键问题. 热红外地表温度反演需要考虑的另一个问题是地表反射的大气下行辐射订正, 由于该项与地表发射率紧密联系在一起, 在地表发射率未知的情况下, 该项很难消去. 研究从普朗克方程的维恩近似出发, 引入Li和Becker等提出的大气下行辐射修正项, 以此为基础, 推导出与温度无关的改进ALPHA差值谱, 并进一步提出消除维恩近似影响的修正项. 在上述工作基础上, 借鉴ALPHA导出发射率法和ASTER TES算法的优点, 提出改进的基于订正ALPHA差值谱的TES算法(ICADS TES). 由于算法采用多光谱反演技术, 并且算法中包含波段差值、比值操作, 因而可以部分消除大气、仪器噪声等的影响, 具有良好的抗干扰能力. 采用不同大气条件、下垫面类型、地表温度组合的数值模拟实验表明, 算法具有很宽的适用范围和稳定性, 反演的温度精度一般在0~1.5 K之间, 平均发射率精度在0~0.015之间. 算法反演温度产品与ASTER数据下载中心 (Earth Observing System Data Gateway, EDG)提供的地表温度产品相比, 相关性非常好, 相关系数接近1.0, 产品直方图分布基本一致.
与现有发射率温度分离算法相比, ICADS TES算法的优点是适用的温度和下垫面范围宽, 不需要诸如地表分类、发射率方向性等先验信息支持, 计算结果不受参数设置影响, 更为客观. 由于该算法不需要下垫面类型先验信息支持, 可以避免其他算法中出现的因地表误分类、混合像元等问题引起的反演误差. 与作者此前提出的基于订正ALPHA差值谱的TES算法(CADS TES)相比, 算法考虑了大气下行辐射的影响, 在大气辐射特性已知的条件下, 可以获得更好的反演结果. 相似文献
8.
9.
以青藏高原地区为研究区域,利用FY-3B/MWRI(Microwave Radiation Imager)一级亮温数据和NCEP(the National Centers for Environmental Prediction) FNL(Final)全球业务分析资料,通过简化的微波辐射传输方程反演了晴空大气条件下的地表微波发射率.进而根据IGBP(International Geosphere-Biosphere Program)陆表覆盖分类数据,进一步分析了青藏高原地区微波地表发射率的频谱和空间分布特征,并分析了反演误差的来源.结果表明:青藏高原地区微波地表发射率的空间分布、频谱特征都与地表覆盖类型分布特征高度吻合,呈现出西北部地表发射率极化差异大,东南部极化异差小的分布特征.本研究中地表发射率的反演误差主要来自降水像元判别方案、再分析资料的时空匹配.还需要进一步研究定量误差,以期提高反演精度,进而建立长时间序列的地表发射率数据库,为青藏高原地球物理参数的遥感反演提供数据支持. 相似文献
10.
定量遥感反演作物蒸腾和土壤水分利用率的区域分异 总被引：19，自引：3，他引：19
首先讨论了在农业生态站建立的行之有效的、以遥感数据为主体的作物蒸腾二层模型.重点阐明了以多时相辐射温度和热惯量信息为基础的作物地表混合像元（视场）温度的分解模型,在遥感反演过程中提出了一些在模型和算法方面的优化和改进:提出了一个区域比辐射率估算的算法、提出了运用地表温度的静态反馈算法和扩展生态台站的空气温度到区域的算法.并在LUCC分类技术的支持下,提出了以地面粗糙度和辐射温度为参数的地面2m高的气温和风速的空间扩展算法.最后应用 NOAA-AVHRR和地面同步观测及其定标,按像元逐点运算,反演了华北地区农田作物蒸腾和水分利用率的区域分布.揭示了春天华北地区水资源在农业上的利用效率,为采取有效的节水措施提供了科学依据. 相似文献
11.
Satellite images are used extensively in studying the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. We evaluated the suitability of thermal infrared (TIR) data from the HJ-1B satellite for detecting UHI using a case study in Beijing. Two modified algorithms for retrieving the land surface temperature (LST) from HJ-1B data were tested. The results were compared with LST images derived from a Landsat TM thermal band and the MODIS LST output. The spatial pattern of UHI generated using HJ-1B data matched well with that produced using TM and MODIS data. Of the two algorithms, the mono-window algorithm performed better but further tests are necessary. With more frequent coverage than TM and higher spatial resolution than MODIS, the HJ-1B TIR data present a unique opportunity to study thermal environments in cities in China and neighboring countries.
相似文献12.
Satellite images are used extensively in studying the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. We evaluated the suitability of thermal infrared (TIR) data from the HJ-1B satellite for detecting UHI using a case study in Beijing. Two modified algorithms for retrieving the land surface temperature (LST) from HJ-1B data were tested. The results were compared with LST images derived from a Landsat TM thermal band and the MODIS LST output. The spatial pattern of UHI generated using HJ-1B data matched well with that produced using TM and MODIS data. Of the two algorithms, the mono-window algorithm performed better but further tests are necessary. With more frequent coverage than TM and higher spatial resolution than MODIS, the HJ-1B TIR data present a unique opportunity to study thermal environments in cities in China and neighboring countries. 相似文献
13.
Spatio-temporal exploratory analysis of urban surface temperature field in Shanghai, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Xiaoyan Dai Zhongyang Guo Liquan Zhang Dan Li 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2010,24(2):247-257
The integrated application of remote sensing, geographic information system and quantitative analytical modeling can provide
scientific and effective methods for monitoring and studying urban heat island, based on land surface temperature (LST) retrieved
from thermal infrared channel data of sensors. In this paper, LST is retrieved from Landsat TM6 and ETM + 6 data of Shanghai
central city in 1989, 1997, 2000 and 2002, by using the mono-window algorithm. Based on the data, global and local spatial
autocorrelation analysis, and geostatistical methods are adopted to quantitatively describe the characteristics of spatial
heterogeneity and temporal evolution of land surface thermal landscape at different scales and periods in Shanghai central
city, by utilizing exploratory spatial data analysis. Results show that LST field in Shanghai central city tends to fragmentize
and complicate with the development of Shanghai, and its global spatial difference becomes greater gradually. The spatial
variance pattern of the change of LST field from 1997 to 2002 indicates that the dynamic change of LST presents a tendency
of increase in circularity. LST declines distinctly in the districts of Puxi and Pudong near and inside the inner ring road,
while it rises obviously outside the central city and near the out ring road. The extrema of temporal change in LST field
have a characteristic of spatial clustering. Besides, as the city of Shanghai expands in a circular pattern as a whole, the
directional difference of dynamic change of urban surface thermal landscape exists but is not very obvious. 相似文献
14.
After carefully studying the results of retrieval of land surface temperature(LST) by multi-channel thermal infrared remote
sensing data, the authors of this paper point out that its accuracy and significance for applications are seriously damaged
by the high correlation coefficient among multi-channel information and its disablement of direct retrieval of component temperature.
Based on the model of directional radiation of non-isothermal mixed pixel, the authors point out that multi-angle thermal
infrared remote sensing can offer the possibility to directly retrieve component temperature, but it is also a multi-parameter
synchronous inverse problem. The results of digital simulation and field experiments show that the genetic inverse algorithm
(GIA) is an effective method to fulfill multi-parameter synchronous retrieval. So it is possible to realize retrieval of component
temperature with error less than 1K by multi-angle thermal infrared remote sensing data and GIA. 相似文献
15.
A STUDY ON THE ALGORITHM FOR EXTRACTING EARTHQUAKE THERMAL INFRARED ANOMALIES BASED ON THE YEARLY TREND OF LST 
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下载免费PDF全文 SONG Dong-mei ZANG Lin SHAN Xin-jian YUAN Yuan CUI Jian-yong SHAO Hong-mei SHEN Chen SHI Hong-tao 《地震地质》2016,38(3):680-695
There are thermal infrared anomalies(TIA)before earthquake, and TIA has become one of the important parameters for assessing regional earthquake risk. However, not all of the surface infrared anomalies are related to tectonic activities or earthquakes. How to eliminate the influence of non-structural factors and extract the weak signals from strong disturbances is the key and difficult point for tectonic activities studies based on the thermal infrared remote sensing techniques. Land surface temperature(LST)background field is the basis for thermal infrared anomalies extraction. However, the established background fields in previous researches cannot eliminate the influence of climate changes, so the accuracy of thermal anomaly extraction is limited. Now an improved method is proposed. Combined with the periodic character of LST time series, harmonic analysis is lead into the process of LST background field establishment. Specifically, the yearly trend of LST is fitted based on Fourier Approximation method. As a new background field, the yearly trend is dynamic, includes the local and the yearly information. Then, based on the rule of "kσ", the earthquake anomalies, calculated by RST with the yearly trend of LST, can be extracted. At last, the effectiveness of the algorithm can be tested by the quantitative analysis of anomalies with anomaly area statistics, anomaly intensity statistics and distance index statistics. The Wenchuan earthquake was discussed again based on the proposed algorithm with MODIS land temperature products in 2008. The results show that, there were obvious pre-earthquake thermal anomalies along the Longmen Mountains faults with a longer time; but there were no anomalies when the earthquake happened; and the post-earthquake thermal anomalies occurred with much smaller amplitudes and scopes. Compared with the results derived from the traditional RST which is based on the spatial average of LST values, the TIA extracted by the new RST, which is based on the yearly trend of LST, is more fit with the active faults, and the process of the anomalies occurring and removing can be described in more detail. Therefore, as the background field to extract earthquake anomalies, the yearly trend of LST is more reliable. 相似文献
16.
非构造活动或非地震因素对地表热辐射场（地表温度）的影响,对于利用卫星热红外遥感探索地震前兆抑或断层活动有着重要的现实意义.地表温度中,典型非构造活动或非地震因素成份有：由太阳辐射引起的稳定年周期成份和与地形、纬度及能量平衡等因素有关的长期稳定成份,合称年变基准场.本文根据2000～2008年的MODIS/Terra地表温度产品,利用小波分析提取了中国大陆地表温度的年变基准场.在此基础上,结合热传导方程和数学物理方法,获得了年变基准场的（半）定量化表达式.进一步, 利用地表温度的长期稳定成份,获得了温度与海拔、纬度变化之间的定量关系：海拔每增加100 m,温度降低0.51±0.01 K; 纬度每增加1°,温度降低0.77±0.08 K.总之,年变基准场可为利用热红外辐射提取地壳活动信息提供一种参考背景, 温度与海拔、纬度变化之间的定量关系则可用来校正地形起伏和纬度变化对地表温度的影响. 相似文献
17.
Synchronous retrieval of land surface temperature and emissivity 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
This is an old topic for more than ten years to retrieve land surface temperature (LST) from satellite data, but it has not
been solved yet. At first, people tried to transplant traditional split window method of sea surface temperature (SST) to
the retrieval of LST, but it was found that the emissivities of land surface (εi) must be involved in atmospheric correction. Then many different formulas appeared with assumption of emissivities known.
In fact, emissivities of land surface with pixel size cannot be known beforehand because of various reasons, so in recent
years the focus of attention has been transferred to retrieving emissivities (εi) and LST at the same time. Therefore, we have to solve missing equations problem. For this some people try to introduce middle
infrared information, but new problems will be brought in which means that it is very difficult to describe middle infrared
BRDF of targets with high accuracy and the scattering of atmospheric aerosol cannot be ignored. Therefore a different way
is offered to solve this problem only using two thermo-infrared bands data based on three assumptions, constant emissivities
in two measurements, and the same atmospheric parameters for neighbouring pixels and the difference of emissivity (Δε) of
two channels can be known beforehand. Results of digital simulations show that it is possible to retrieve LST with its root
mean square (RMS) of errors less than 1 K and RMS of relative error of ground radiance at 7% if the error of atmospheric temperature
at ± 2°C and the relative error of atmospheric water vapor at ± 10% can be satisfied. Results have been confirmed by initial
field test.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49471056) and China’s National Key Basic
Research Plan. 相似文献
18.
本文对玉树地震前后的热异常多参量变化进行分析研究,主要包括长波辐射（Outgoing Longwave Radiation）,地表温度（Land Surface Temperature）,NCEP地面气温（National Center for Environmental Prediction）和地下水温。研究结果证实玉树地震前确实存在热异常现象。在多参量中,地下水温最早出现异常并且异常持续时间最长;其次出现热异常的是反映地表介质辐射属性的长波辐射;地表温度出现热异常的时间要晚于长波辐射;NCEP地面温度反映了一定垂直厚度的平均大气温度,因此最晚出现热异常现象。同时,玉树地震前的多参量热异常区域都位于震中南部或西南部。 相似文献
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以2011年8月11日在伽师—阿图什交界处发生的5.8级地震为例,利用MODIS的LST产品数据,采用STL分解法有效地去除地表温度时空数据中的年变趋势及季节因素周期性的影响,对其余的残余项进行GESD异常检测,并分析2008年1月1日至2013年1月1日的LST异常及其他地震的关系数据,研究结果表明:(1)地表温度的变化具有明显的时空变化趋势;利用STL分解法可以看出震前存在明显的热红外异常,增温现象经历了"出现-扩大-分散增温-增温幅度达到极值-消失-发震"等几个阶段。(2)发震前四个月研究区周围存在明显的热红外异常,2月10日发震断层周围出现大面积异常,异常特征持续2个月后的4个月发震,峰值距发震时刻时间间隔较长。(3)余震分布与断裂带和热红外异常分布特征相关,震后大部分余震主要分布在主震发生的震前出现热红外异常的断裂带附近。(4)通过对比同地区相似震例发现,本次地震与2018年9月4日伽师县MS5.5地震的热异常特征有许多共同点,其中相同的峰值距发震时刻的时间间隔具有一致性,为震前热红外异常特征的归纳提供典型的参考信息。该次地震热红外异常显著,进一步验证了... 相似文献