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根据新疆及苏联天山地区的地震目录和古地震研究成果,将整个天山地区的地震韵律划分为地震世、地震亚世、地震期、地震幕、地震阶五级,探讨了各级韵律的特征。估计了我国天山地区未来地震活动趋势。 相似文献
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地震目录是地震学中最基础的资料,具有丰富的地震信息,它不仅被用于地球内部构造和地震地质的研究,在地震活动性研究、地震预报研究、地震危险性分析和震害损失预测研究中也被广泛使用。同时地震目录还是编制地震烈度区划图的主要信息源及国民经济建设和国土开发的重要基础资料。因此,编制地震目录受到地震科技工作者的高度重视。 １ 新疆地震目录点析新疆是我国多震省区,地震强度大,频度高,地震信息丰富。自１９７０年新疆组建地震机构以来,在地震目录的编制上投入了大量的人力和物力,先后编撰出版了下列地震目录。（１）《地震… 相似文献
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随着社会及学科的发展,越来越多的地震知识应用于社会领域,对社会的发展具有极大的促进作用,为此有必要进一步探讨地震科学的影响。从地震预报、工程地震、震害预测、震灾评估、地震宣传和地震速报与应急等方面讨论了地震科学对社会发展的影响。结果表明,地震科学具有重要手社会价值和广泛的应用前景。在此基础上,提出应进一步加强地震震源、地球内部结构和地震预报等学科的研究,并展望了共应用前景。 相似文献
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本文对1988年6月四川省道孚八美(即乾宁)4.5、5.0、4.0级地震前后地震活动进行了研究,给出了地震参数、P波初动解、余震序列和前兆变化的分析及未来地震危险性的讨论。 相似文献
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从分析地震活动性参数变化特征的角度出发,结合实际的地震活动观测资料,对张北６．２级地震前河北省及邻区地震活动性参数的变化,地震序列的衰减特征进行了分析,结果表明张北６．２级地震前在震源区附近１００ｋｍ和大范围地震活动性参数有长、中、短期的异常变化。张北６．２级地震强余震前地震活动性参数有短、临变化。 相似文献
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利用调制地震方法对华北地区１９７３年以来发生的２４个ＭＬ≥５．５地震前地震调制比、地震调制比异常面积、调制地震条带和调制地震频度的异常变化进行分析,对异常类型进行分类。分析结果认为,华北地区ＭＬ≥５．５地震前地震调制比和异常面积随时间进程的起伏、调制地震频度震前数月的突然增大以及调制地震条带异常图象是显著的异常变化,可以用于对中、强地震的中期预报。 相似文献
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本文从场地地震危险性评价,地震危险性概率分析、场地地震工程地质单元划分、地震反应分析、活断层工程分类等五个方面、论述场地地震效应及其预测中基本原理和方法。根据工程地震危险性评价和分析、地震小区划等地震工程实践,对场地地震效应及其预测提供一些基本考虑和经验 相似文献
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在地震综合预报清理和震例报告编写的基础上,本文根据发震构造、震源机制解、地震序列特征和烈度分布特点把炉霍地震、道孚地震与松潘地震、盐源地震分为两类不同类型的地震。前者为走滑型地震,后者为倾向滑动为主型或带有一定倾滑分量的走滑型地震,进而对这两类不同类型强震前兆异常的共性与差异作了研究,并对其成因机制作了初步探讨。最后对如何提取这两类不同类型强震的综合预报判据和指标提出了一些看法。 相似文献
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In this paper, the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport, such as precipitation depth, discharge, and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed, a trend analysis on sediment concentration, precipitation depth, and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations （CSs）, as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations （GSs） are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The rtmoff modulus （defined as the annual average discharge per unit area, L/（s·km^2）） and the sediment transport modulus （defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area, t/（yr km^2）） are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m^3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m^3. However, the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m^3 and occurs in July, which has an average discharge of 42.6 m^3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August, the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is largest in February and then decreases until June. In July, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load approaches another peak and decreases until September. Then, the median grain size of suspended load starts to increase until February of the following year. However, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Yellow River at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs is the smallest between early summer and late fall The median grain size in the Yellow River starts to increase in November and approaches the largest size in January. 相似文献
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3He/4He ratios up to 3.5 times the ratio of atmospheric He were found in groundwater samples. The3He enrichment can be attributed to radiogenic3He produced by in-situ beta-decay of3H. This shows that tritiogenic3He is accumulating in confined waters. From tritiogenic3He and3H concentrations, ages of groundwaters can be calculated. Detection of tritiogenic3He gives a tool to trace a tritium contamination which occurred in the past and cannot be assessed only by the3H counting method. 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to estimate likely changes in flood indices under a future climate and to assess the uncertainty in these estimates for selected catchments in Poland. Precipitation and temperature time series from climate simulations from the EURO-CORDEX initiative for the periods 1971–2000, 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 following the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios have been used to produce hydrological simulations based on the HBV hydrological model. As the climate model outputs for Poland are highly biased, post processing in the form of bias correction was first performed so that the climate time series could be applied in hydrological simulations at a catchment-scale. The results indicate that bias correction significantly improves flow simulations and estimated flood indices based on comparisons with simulations from observed climate data for the control period. The estimated changes in the mean annual flood and in flood quantiles under a future climate indicate a large spread in the estimates both within and between the catchments. An ANOVA analysis was used to assess the relative contributions of the 2 emission scenarios, the 7 climate models and the 4 bias correction methods to the total spread in the projected changes in extreme river flow indices for each catchment. The analysis indicates that the differences between climate models generally make the largest contribution to the spread in the ensemble of the three factors considered. The results for bias corrected data show small differences between the four bias correction methods considered, and, in contrast with the results for uncorrected simulations, project increases in flood indices for most catchments under a future climate. 相似文献
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Observations of trace gases (SO2, NH3, NO2 and O3) were made during the period 1981 to 1984 at 6 different locations representative of urban industrial, urban, nonurban, thermal power plant and marine environment. Diurnal variations of the trace gases were studied in an urban environment. Except in the urban industrial environment, the concentration of NH3 was found in the range of background values. Also, the average concentrations of NO2 and O3 at the different environments were in the order of background values. However, the concentrations of SO2 were substantially higher by about 7 times, in urban industrial and thermal power plant environments. The diurnal variations of SO2, NH3 and NO2 showed anitphase relationship with surface temperature at the urban environment station which is relatively free of industrial pollution. Discussion is centred on trace gas variations in different environments in India together with the values reported for various countries in the world. 相似文献
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Cu concentrations in surface (river and lake) and subsurface waters are determined. The geographic pattern of Cu distribution in natural water is identified. This pattern is controlled by the difference between its concentrations in drained rocks and soils and the geochemical redox conditions of its migration. Territories with low, medium, and elevated Cu concentrations in natural waters are identified. The concentrations of Cu in natural waters of the region are found to be generally lower than the Clarke values. 相似文献
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Changes in thermal extremes of the climate of Poland in 1951–2010 are examined. Warm extremes have become more frequent, while cold extremes have become less frequent. In the warming climate of Poland, the increase in the number of extremely warm days in a year and the decrease in the number of extremely cold days in a year have been observed. Also the increase of the maximum number of consecutive hot days in a year and the decrease of the maximum number of consecutive very cold and extremely cold days in a year have been observed. However, the trends are not of ubiquitous statistic significance, as the natural variability is strong. 相似文献
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M. MONIRUL QADER MIRZA 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5):613-631
Abstract The basin area of the Ganges River in Bangladesh is extremely dependent on a regular water supply from upstream to meet requirements for agriculture, fisheries, navigation, salinity control, and domestic and industrial sectors. In 1975, India commissioned a barrage on the Ganges River at Farakka to divert a significant portion of the dry season flow in order to make the Calcutta Port navigable. Statistical analyses of discharge and water level data have been carried out to determine if significant changes have occurred in the hydrology of the Ganges system in Bangladesh in the post-Farakka period. Siltation of the Gorai River (an offtake of the Ganges River) has also been examined using the stage-discharge relationship and regression analysis. The analyses show that the diversion has caused considerable hydrological changes in the Ganges system in Bangladesh. The water supply in the dry season has been reduced substantially, while siltation of the Gorai River has increased significantly. 相似文献
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Ingvar B. Fridleifsson 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,117(1-2):242-252
In an active spreading area like Iceland, where the regional geothermal gradient is in the range 50–150°C/km, it is normally not a problem to find high enough temperature with deep drilling, but the difficulties arise with finding permeable layers at depth within the strata. Various volcanological methods can be applied in the search for aquifers and geothermal reservoir rocks. The flow pattern (as deduced from deuterium studies) indicates that the thermal water flows preferentially along high porosity stratiform horizons and dyke swarms from the recharge areas in the highlands to the hot spring areas in the lowlands. The primary porosity of the volcanic strata is dependent on the chemical composition and the mode of eruption of the volcanic units. Both the reservoir rocks and the flow channels forming the geothermal plumbing system are thought to vary from the Tertiary to the Quaternary provinces due to environmental conditions at the eruptive sites. 相似文献