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利用一条穿过三河和唐山地震区的密集地震探测剖面数据,采用H/V谱比法获得了三河、唐山地震区及邻近区域的地壳浅部沉积结构特征、场地共振频率及易破坏程度等参数.结果表明:研究区松散沉积层厚度约为100—800 m,呈现出NW浅而SE深的变化特征;探测剖面西北部通县隆起的沉积层厚度约为350—450 m,沉积层界面起伏平缓;大厂凹陷沉积层厚度约为300—600 m,横向变化特征显著.测线东南部唐山地震区地壳浅部存在上下两组较明显的沉积界面:上层界面深度约为100 m,呈水平展布;下层界面深度约为300—800 m,且向东南方向逐渐加深.三河和唐山地震区的场地放大系数约为3—4,场地易破坏程度均大于20,显示出地表建筑物易破坏程度较高的特征. 相似文献
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利用地震剖面研究夏垫断裂西南段的活动性 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
地震方法是针对厚覆盖区城市直下型活动断裂的一种不可替代的探测技术,对于不同的探测深度需采用不同的排列长度。为研究夏垫断裂在远离三河-平谷8.0级地震震源区的活动性,我们在该震源区SW方向约30km处开展了中浅层反射地震探测试验,并跨过中浅层地震探测到的夏垫断裂进行了浅层反射地震探测试验。浅层和中浅层地震探测的试验结果表明,在5m道间距的地震剖面上,在200m深度以下夏垫断裂得到了较好的反映,在该深度以上,该断裂反映不明显;在2m道间距的地震剖面上,夏垫断裂错断明显,但剖面上的最浅一组反射波(深度约30m)却没有发生明显错断。由此得出:距1679年三河-平谷8.0级地震震源位置SW方向约30km处,夏垫断裂的活动性减弱 相似文献
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地震地表破裂端部的几何结构与运动学特征研究有助于科学认识断裂的破裂传播与终止过程。夏垫断裂是华北平原区最为重要的隐伏强震构造之一,于1679年发生了三河—平谷M8历史大地震,但其同震地表破裂长度及端部变形特征仍存争议。基于前人研究结果,在野外地质调查的基础上,跨1679年三河—平谷8级地震地表破裂端部布设了2条浅层地震勘探剖面,研究断裂端部的新活动特征。结果显示,断裂端部的最新活动时代为全新世,运动方式以走滑为主兼正断,且呈现出明显的滑动亏损特征。结合同震垂直位移分布等数据,分析认为该次地震的地表破裂仅长10余公里,与8级地震不匹配,其发震构造和机制仍需深入研究。 相似文献
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利用三河—平谷8.0级大震区实施的深地震反射剖面与宽角反射剖面探测方法获得的结果进行了综合研究和解释. 结果表明：两种探测方法给出的地壳基本分层是一致的,在三河—平谷大震区上地壳的埋深为21～23km,莫霍界面的深度为36～37km;该地区基底结构起伏变化较大,浅部断裂发育,在确定的数条断裂构造带中夏垫断裂是一条特征明显、深浅共存的断裂构造带;震源区周围差异明显的速度异常结构和特殊而复杂的地质构造环境意味着这些部位是发生大地震的有利部位;该地区莫霍界面起伏变化和较厚的反射叠层以及局部复杂的楔形反射带的存在等现象表明,该地区地壳结构发生过强烈的挤压、变形,同时也反映出岩浆活动对下地壳结构进行了物质的和结构的强烈改造,从而构成了该地区复杂的地壳深部结构,可将其视为三河—平谷8.0级大地震孕育和发生的深部要素. 相似文献
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合肥市位于合肥盆地东南缘,东侧紧邻郯庐断裂带,多条大型隐伏断裂穿过市区.为进一步认识合肥城市下方隐伏断裂的空间展布、性质,以及城市复杂的沉积环境,本文利用布设在合肥市区的58套三分量短周期地震仪组成的台阵,获得了37天的三分量连续波形数据,通过基于射线追踪的面波走时直接成像方法反演得到了合肥市地壳浅部0.6~3.6 km的三维剪切波速度结构,速度结构图像展现了地壳浅部的横向不均匀性和纵向成层性,揭示出NNE、NWW和近EW三组不同走向的隐伏断裂在城市地下浅部的构造特征.取得以下认识：（1）合肥市南、北方向在浅地表（2 km以内）存在显著速度差异,速度分界线位置与已知的近EW向的蜀山断裂一致,断裂南侧呈现低速凹陷,北侧则为高速隆起.低速中心深度达2~3 km,速度异常与该断裂在合肥盆地东部演化过程中的构造反转沉积了不同地层有关;（2）合肥市区存在明显的高速异常带,其走向、位置与穿过该区域的郯庐断裂带西支主干断裂相符,其中五河—合肥断裂在市区北部以东呈现低速凹陷特征,低速区范围与肥东凹陷晚白垩纪以来的沉积构造边界一致,认为肥东凹陷的最大沉积厚度可达2 km以上;（3）合肥市中心跨郯庐断裂带西支主干断裂之间呈现明显的凹、隆相间的复杂构造,推测其是在多组断裂的共同拉伸作用下形成的小型沉积盆地,沉积中心位于郯庐断裂带内部,最大厚度可达3~4 km.由于其展布方向在不同深度与该区域断裂的走向具有明显的相关性,推测不同深度的沉积形态与郯庐断裂带在不同时期的构造演化过程有关. 相似文献
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《地球物理学报》2020,(9)
合肥市位于合肥盆地东南缘,东侧紧邻郯庐断裂带,多条大型隐伏断裂穿过市区.为进一步认识合肥城市下方隐伏断裂的空间展布、性质,以及城市复杂的沉积环境,本文利用布设在合肥市区的58套三分量短周期地震仪组成的台阵,获得了37天的三分量连续波形数据,通过基于射线追踪的面波走时直接成像方法反演得到了合肥市地壳浅部0.6～3.6 km的三维剪切波速度结构,速度结构图像展现了地壳浅部的横向不均匀性和纵向成层性,揭示出NNE、NWW和近EW三组不同走向的隐伏断裂在城市地下浅部的构造特征.取得以下认识:(1)合肥市南、北方向在浅地表(2 km以内)存在显著速度差异,速度分界线位置与已知的近EW向的蜀山断裂一致,断裂南侧呈现低速凹陷,北侧则为高速隆起.低速中心深度达2～3 km,速度异常与该断裂在合肥盆地东部演化过程中的构造反转沉积了不同地层有关;(2)合肥市区存在明显的高速异常带,其走向、位置与穿过该区域的郯庐断裂带西支主干断裂相符,其中五河—合肥断裂在市区北部以东呈现低速凹陷特征,低速区范围与肥东凹陷晚白垩纪以来的沉积构造边界一致,认为肥东凹陷的最大沉积厚度可达2 km以上;(3)合肥市中心跨郯庐断裂带西支主干断裂之间呈现明显的凹、隆相间的复杂构造,推测其是在多组断裂的共同拉伸作用下形成的小型沉积盆地,沉积中心位于郯庐断裂带内部,最大厚度可达3～4 km.由于其展布方向在不同深度与该区域断裂的走向具有明显的相关性,推测不同深度的沉积形态与郯庐断裂带在不同时期的构造演化过程有关. 相似文献
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中国东部城市地区隐伏断裂上断点与最新活动时代关系的初步分析——以邢台、唐山地震区为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
中国东部城市地区大多为较厚第四系松散物覆盖区,许多城市附近发育了具有相当规模的隐伏断裂。在这些第四系较厚覆盖区发育的隐伏断裂的上断点是否代表了断裂的最新活动时代?文中通过对邢台、唐山等发生过强震的中国东部城市附近地区地质、地球物理、地震活动、地形变等资料的综合分析,来讨论这些较厚第四系覆盖区隐伏断裂的上断点与断裂的最新活动年代的关系问题。初步分析表明,作为邢台地震和唐山地震发震断裂的新河断裂和唐山断裂带,并不象其上断点显示的为晚更新世不活动断裂或者为局部活动段,而均为大型活动断裂。由此认为,在中国东部沉积层较厚地区,不能完全根据断裂断错的最新地层确定断裂的最新活动时代。对于一条穿过新沉积较厚地区的断裂,其最新活动时代应根据构造背景、断裂对新地层的控制作用、断错最新地层、新地层沉积厚度、构造地貌、地震活动、地形变、现今构造应力场等综合判定 相似文献
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通过在四川石棉城区内利用地震反射法探测其隐伏断裂的实例,阐述了在地形变化大、人口密集、环境干扰强的条件下浅层地震勘探方法的实施.本次勘探针对场地条件使用了小能量激发和小偏移距、小道间距、短排列接收、高覆盖次数的观测系统,获得的高信噪比时间剖面清晰地揭示了石棉城区内覆盖层的厚度和隐伏断裂的展布情况.探测结果表明:石棉城区内普遍存在一个明显且连续的反射界面,结合区域地质资料推测该界面是埋深约为15-60 m深浅不等的早更新世底界与上新世晚期顶界的第四系分界面. 4条地震反射时间剖面均揭示了安宁河断裂带北段所属的石棉断裂东支在石棉城区内为全新世隐伏活动断裂. 相似文献
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SITE EFFECT AND EARTHQUAKE DISASTER CHARACTERISTICS IN GUANGZHOU AREA FROM HORIZONTAL-TO-VERTICAL SPECTRAL RATIO(HVSR)METHOD 
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下载免费PDF全文 Site effect, which is related to the amplification of seismic waves, is mostly affected by the thickness and softness of sediment layers. The study of site effect in cities is becoming more and more important to the assessment of ground motions, seismic hazard and engineering seismology. However, in highly populated urban cities, traditional seismic surveys cannot be applied extensively due to their destructive consequences and high cost. The ambient noise, including microseisms and microtremor, could be acquired anywhere and anytime, and thus can serve as an effective source for engineering seismology. In order to get the site effect and distribution of sedimentary layers of Guangzhou area, one hundred QS-05A seismographs with frequency bandwidth of 5s-250Hz were deployed in early 2018 for 35 days. The inter-station spacing of these seismometers is approximately 2~5km. Using continuous ambient noise signals, we obtained the resonance frequency and amplification value beneath each station by horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio(HVSR)method. Then sedimentary layer thicknesses as well as K-values, which are related to the site vulnerability to ground shaking, were calculated. Our results suggest that the resonance frequencies in Guangzhou area are between 1~6.5Hz. The resonance frequencies increase gradually from 1Hz on the north-east side to 6.5Hz on the south-west side of the study area. The sediment thicknesses change from several meters to about 40m, with the maximum thickness at around the estuary of the Pearl River. This distribution is consistent with the topography. The amplifications are mainly between 2~6. The largest amplification is around the Pearl River and the west part of Baiyun District. In general, the K-values are small(<20), less than the dangerous value, suggesting that Guangzhou area is relatively safe in ground shaking. However, there are three small areas beneath Huadu District, Sanshui District and Nanhai District. They all have K-values greater than 20, suggesting those areas are more vulnerable to earthquake destruction, and higher construction standard is needed. The reliability of our results is further supported by its consistency with topography and borehole data in Guangzhou area. Our results provide important information for shallow underground structure in Guangzhou area, and can be referred as guidelines in urban architecture planning and disaster prevention and mitigation. 相似文献
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介绍了运用微振动勘探方法探测隐伏断裂构造的方法和思路,并对郯庐断裂带两条分支断裂进行了试验性勘探．通过与人工地震勘探结果对比分析,发现微振动勘探方法对隐伏断裂构造具有较好的空间定位能力,其对岩性差异面形成的断裂定位误差与人工地震勘探结果相当; 又因其具有较大的勘探深度,因而可以有效揭示勘探区域下方地层及断裂的空间分布特征及其接触关系,这对于识别和确定断裂构造的主破裂面具有重要意义. 但微振动勘探方法对地层或断裂构造细节特征的揭示能力较差．因此,在实际地层或断裂勘探中,宜采用人工地震勘探方法与微振动勘探方法相结合的方式确定断裂的深浅构造关系,可以用微振动勘探方法进行普查,在确定断裂初步位置及空间展布特征后,再选用人工地震勘探方法进行断裂精确定位． 相似文献
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为了快速而且廉价地获取北京市详细的场地响应和浅层速度结构,应用于地震动模拟和地震灾害预防,我们开展了微动观测技术和处理方法研究.本文利用2007年夏季北京五棵松地区进行的几个微动观测实验数据,使用单台H/V谱比法分析场地的卓越频率及其对应的放大系数,并对比了不同地震仪和观测时间对H/V曲线的影响;应用高分辨率F-K频谱分析方法从微动台阵数据中得到Rayleigh波的频散曲线并使用邻域算法反演出浅层速度结构.H/V结果表明该地区卓越频率在2.1～2.2 Hz之间,对应的放大系数下限约为3;利用微动H/V方法得到的场地卓越频率具有较高的稳定性.微动台阵反演结果给出了比较合理的波阻抗界面深度和层平均速度结构,认为地下80多米处的波阻抗界面是决定场地卓越频率和其场地放大系数的主要界面.本研究表明微动技术应用于评估城市地震场地响应和浅层速度结构是可行且易于实施的. 相似文献
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Basement structural architecture and hydrocarbon conduit potential of polygonal faults in the Cooper‐Eromanga Basin,Australia 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 David Kulikowski Khalid Amrouch Dennis Cooke Michael Edward Gray 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(2):366-396
A thorough and complete understanding of the structural geology and evolution of the Cooper‐Eromanga Basin has been hampered by low‐resolution seismic data that becomes particularly difficult to interpret below the thick Permian coal measures. As a result, researchers are tentative to interpret the basement fault architecture within the basin, which is largely undefined. To provide a better understanding of the basement fault geometry, all available two‐dimensional seismic lines together with 12 three‐dimensional seismic surveys were structurally interpreted with assistance from seismic attribute analysis. The Upper Cretaceous Cadna‐owie Formation and top Permian reflectors were analysed using a common seismic attribute technique (incoherency) that was used to infer the presence of faults that may have otherwise been overlooked. Detailed basement fault maps for each seismic survey were constructed and used in conjunction with two‐dimensional seismic data interpretation to produce a regional basement fault map. Large north‐northeast–south‐southwest‐striking sinistral strike–slip faults were identified within the Patchawarra Trough appearing to splay from the main northeast–southwest‐striking ridge. These sinistral north‐northeast–south‐southwest‐striking faults, together with field‐scale southeast–northwest‐striking dextral strike–slip faults, are optimally oriented to have potentially developed as a conjugated fault set under a south‐southeast–north‐northwest‐oriented strike–slip stress regime. Geomechanical modelling for a regionally extensive system of Cretaceous polygonal faults was performed to calculate the Leakage Factor and Dilation Tendency of individual faults. Faults that extend into Lower Cretaceous oil‐rich reservoirs with strikes of between 060°N and 140°N and a high to near‐vertical dip angle were identified to most likely be acting as conduits for the tertiary migration of hydrocarbons from known Lower Cretaceous hydrocarbon reservoirs into shallow Cretaceous sediments. This research provides valuable information on the regional basement fault architecture and a more detailed exploration target for the Cooper‐Eromanga Basin, which were previously not available in literature. 相似文献
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长度100 km、NW向穿过三河—平谷8.0级地震区和北京地区主要断裂构造的深地震反射剖面,揭示了该区地壳精细结构图像和断裂的深浅构造特征.结果表明,该区地壳以TWT6～7 s左右的强反射带为界分为上地壳和下地壳,上地壳厚约18～21 km,下地壳厚约13～15 km.剖面TWT3～4 s以上,反射层位丰富,构造形态清晰,且在剖面上具有明显不同的构造特征;在三河—平谷地震区以西,剖面揭示了2～3组反射能量较强的反射震相和一系列错断基底面的断裂,在三河—平谷地震区以东,为一套自东向西倾伏的密集强反射层,这套反射具有典型的沉积盆地特征,盆地最深处约为8～9 km.剖面揭示的地壳深断裂倾角陡直,该断裂切割、扰动了下地壳物质和壳幔过渡带,向上延伸至上地壳,将地壳深部构造与浅部断裂联系在一起,构成了该区最主要的深浅构造特征. 相似文献
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ZHANG Peng ZHANG Yuan-yuan XU Han-gang LIU Jian-da CHEN Jian-qiang LI Li-mei LI Jin-liang GU Qin-ping JIANG Xin 《地震地质》2019,41(5):1172-1184
Running across the urban areas of Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou, the NW-trending Su-Xi-Chang Fault is an important buried fault in Yangtze River Delta. In the respect of structural geomorphology, hilly landform is developed along the southwest side of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault, and a series of lakes and relatively low-lying depressions are developed on its northeast side, which is an important landform and neotectonic boundary line. The fault controlled the Jurassic and Cretaceous stratigraphic sedimentary and Cenozoic volcanic activities, and also has obvious control effects on the modern geomorphology and Quaternary stratigraphic distribution.
Su-Xi-Chang Fault is one of the target faults of the project "Urban active fault exploration and seismic risk assessment in Changzhou City" and "Urban active fault exploration and seismic risk assessment in Suzhou City". Hidden in the ground with thick cover layer, few researches have been done on this fault in the past. The study on the activity characteristics and the latest activity era of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault is of great significance for the prevention and reduction of earthquake disaster losses caused by the destructive earthquakes to the cities of Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou.
Based on shallow seismic exploration and drilling joint profiling method, Quaternary activities and distribution characteristics of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault are analyzed systematically. Shallow seismic exploration results show that the south branch of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault in Suzhou area is dominated by normal faulting, dipping to the north-east, with a dip angle of about 60° and a displacement of 3~5m on the bedrock surface. The north branch of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault in Changzhou area is dominated by normal faulting, dipping to the south, with a dip angle of about 55°~70° and a displacement of 4~12m on the bedrock surface. All breakpoints of Su-Xi-Chang Fault on the seismic exploration profiles show that only the bedrock surface was dislocated, not the interior strata of the Quaternary.
On the drilling joint profile in the Dongqiao site of Suzhou, the latest activity of the south branch of Su-Xi-Chang Fault is manifested as reverse faulting, with maximum displacement of 2.9m in the upper part of Lower Pleistocene, and the Middle Pleistocene has not been dislocated by the fault. The fault acts as normal fault in the Pre-Quaternary strata, with a displacement of 3.7m in the Neogene stratum. On the drilling joint profile in the Chaoyang Road site of Changzhou, the latest activity of the north branch of Su-Xi-Chang Fault is manifested as reverse faulting too, with maximum displacement of 2.8m in the bottom layer of the Middle Pleistocene. The fault acts as normal fault in the Pre-Quaternary strata, with a displacement of 10.2m in the bedrock surface.
Combining the above results, we conclude that the latest activity era of Su-Xi-Chang Fault is early Middle Pleistocene. The Su-Xi-Chang Fault was dominated by the sinistral normal faulting in the pre-Quaternary period, and turned into sinistral reverse faulting after the early Pleistocene, with displacement of about 3m in the Quaternary strata. The maximum magnitude of potential earthquake on the Su-Xi-Chang Fault is estimated to be 6.0. 相似文献