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1.
低低卫星跟踪卫星的观测量是两低轨卫星的星间距离或星间速度,星间加速度由星间速度通过数值微分导出,用星间加速度作为观测量可以避免解算卫星运动的变分方程,简化观测方程的建立,但数值微分会使观测噪声放大,从而影响重力位的解算精度.为了定量给出星间加速度观测模式的精度,本文分析并模拟验证了数值微分公式计算星间加速度的精度,导出了基于星间加速度的一般形式的观测方程,模拟计算了基于星间加速度的重力位模型.结果表明,采用星间加速度观测模式的解算精度要明显低于星间速度观测模式的解算精度. 相似文献
2.
卫星精密轨道综合自适应抗差滤波技术 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
首先讨论了动力定轨、几何定轨存在的问题, 进而简要介绍了目前广泛使用的Sage自适应滤波和抗差滤波, 研究了一种综合利用Sage滤波和自适应抗差新的滤波技术. 该技术除自适应地估计卫星状态预报向量的协方差矩阵外, 还能自适应地估计任意历元观测量的权. 计算结果也表明, 新的技术不仅计算简单, 而且能有效地控制卫星几何观测异常和卫星动力学模型噪声异常对卫星轨道参数估值的影响. 相似文献
3.
卫星重力测量技术的实现为测定地球动力学扁率提供了新的方式和途径，GRACE卫星是目前最新的重力测量卫星，据其恢复的低阶重力场较以往精度得到大大提高，然而其观测地球动力学扁率（二阶项）却与卫星激光测距（SLR）结果相差较大.本文采用最大熵谱和小波分析方法对GRACE和SLR观测的地球动力学扁率时间序列信号进行定量比较分析，结果表明：GRACE观测的地球动力学扁率年际周期变化振幅仅为SLR观测结果的25%，并且目前GRACE观测的地球动力学扁率数据中含有系统输入信息和相位差，但前者较后者包含有较强的短周期（2～6月）信息.造成这种差异的主要原因可能来自于GRACE与SLR全球观测数据时空分布不同. 相似文献
4.
基于星载GPS的HY-2卫星高精度精密定轨模拟研究(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
HY-2卫星是我国第一颗测高卫星,其径向定轨精度要求厘米量级,搭载了星载GPS接收机。目前HY-2还处于测试阶段,没有公布观测数据。为了确定基于星载GPS的HY-2精密定轨流程及其定轨精度,本文模拟了HY-2卫星星载GPS观测数据,结果表明HY-2星载GPS天线每个历元至少观测7颗GPS卫星。给出了基于星载GPS的精密定轨流程,分别采用简化动力学方法和动态几何法进行了精密定轨实验。对于相位1mm和3mm随机误差的相位观测数据,简化动力学法和动态几何法定轨都能够实现厘米量级的径向精密定轨,几何法定轨精度略低于简化动力定轨。地球重力场模型是影响HY-2卫星精密定轨的重要因素,本文对不同阶次的重力场模型EIGEN2、EGM96、TEG4和GEMT3进行了简化动力学定轨实验,高于50阶次的重力场模型都能够实现厘米级径向精密定轨,主要原因在于大量的高精度星载GPS观测数据和重力场模型精度的提高。 相似文献
5.
介绍了GOCE卫星重力梯度数据系统误差的常用求定方法,提出了一种联合卫星轨迹交叉点不符值和现有重力场模型的系统误差综合标定方法.给出了分步解算和整体平差两种解算方法及相应的计算步骤.分步解算是先利用卫星轨迹交叉点不符值确定含尺度影响的偏差漂移项,然后对观测值进行偏差漂移改正,并利用现有重力场模型计算尺度和偏差,最后对偏... 相似文献
6.
高精度的卫星轨道确定是卫星应用的基础和保证,本文以新一代DORIS接收机观测数据DORIS 3.0的相位观测数据为基础,研究了相位观测数据与传统的DORIS距离变化率数据的转换方法,并以JASON-2卫星为例,基于卫星动力学定轨原理,分析了不同数据类型、不同定轨方案得到的卫星轨道精度.结果表明,1)利用3天弧段的DORIS 2.2格式距离变化率数据和数据文件提供的相位中心偏差改正,或者采用模型对天线相位中心偏差进行改正并同时对地面测站进行偏心改正时,两种方案得到的轨道三维位置精度基本一致,均优于8.7cm,说明新一代DORIS接收机相位中心稳定,变化较小,采用模型进行偏差修正完全能够满足定轨精度要求.2)采用3.0格式的DORIS数据以及天线相位中心偏差修正模型和地面测站偏心改正模型时,得到的卫星定轨精度略有降低,大约为9.2cm;SLR校核残差约为6.5cm(均方根误差).3)采用2.2和3.0两种格式的DORIS数据,利用不同的定轨方案对JASON-2卫星进行精密定轨,均可以达到2cm左右的径向定轨精度,不同的定轨方案对径向定轨精度的影响可忽略不计.因此,对于最关心卫星径向定轨精度的海洋测高卫星而言,采用本文的数据格式转换方法和定轨方案,完全可以满足其定轨任务需求. 相似文献
7.
对卫星轨道和测站坐标的约束程序设计了4种方案，对中国地壳运动观测网络1018GPS周的基准站观测数据进行了试验研究。结果显示：松驰轨道和紧约束IGS站方案的结果与紧约束轨道和IGS站方案的结果基本一致，认为这与先验坐标的精确度较高有关。其他方案之间存在较大的差别。最后讨论了大尺度GPS监测网数据处理时参考基准的选择问题，认为一般情况下，应该使用全球解H文件，把平差结果归算到全球参考框架中。 相似文献
8.
低轨重力卫星轨道的精确确定是获得精密地球重力场模型的前提, 而精密重力场模型又是获得高精度定轨结果的保证.本文简述了利用卫星重力方法恢复地球重力场及简化动力学方法确定低轨卫星轨道的数学模型，并简单分析和比较现有的几种重力场模型.用CHAMP实测数据，结合现有的重力场模型，系统分析、研究了不同阶次、不同重力场模型对低轨卫星定轨精度的影响；研究了不同间隔的随机速度脉冲在简化动力学方法中对模型误差的吸收、调节作用.计算结果表明，在定轨中，选择合理阶数的、较精确的重力场模型及合理间隔的随机脉冲参数，不但可以提高计算效率，更能提高定轨精度. 相似文献
9.
本文设计了一种高-低卫星跟踪卫星、低-低卫星跟踪卫星和卫星重力梯度测量相结合的新型重力测量卫星系统，其可在一定程度上发挥卫星重力梯度和低低卫星跟踪卫星两种测量模式各自的优势.基于重力卫星系统指标设计的半解析法，深入分析了不同重力测量卫星系统配置和不同观测量及其不同白噪声水平情况下，新型卫星重力测量模式反演重力场模型的能力.数值模拟分析结果表明：在观测值精度和星间距离相同的条件下，轨道高度是影响重力场反演精度的关键因素；随着星间距离的增大，高频重力场信号反演精度会先提高后降低，轨道高度在200~350 km之间时，星间距离在150~180 km之间时反演精度最优；星间距离变率和卫星重力梯度两类观测值仅在某些精度配置时可达到优势互补，如果某一类观测值精度很高，则另一类观测值在联合解算时贡献非常小或者没有贡献.在300 km轨道高度，若以GRACE和GOCE任务的设计指标1 μm·s-1/√Hz和5 mE/√Hz来配置新型重力测量卫星系统中星间距离变率和引力梯度观测值的精度，联合两类观测值解算200阶次模型大地水准面的精度比独立解算分别提高1.2倍和2.8倍.如果以实现100 km空间分辨率1~2 cm精度大地水准面为科学目标，考虑卫星在轨寿命，建议轨道高度选择300 km，星间距离变率和卫星重力梯度的精度分别为0.1 μm·s-1/√Hz和1 mE/√Hz.本文的研究成果可为中国研制自主的重力测量卫星系统提供参考依据. 相似文献
10.
本文研究了基于泊松小波径向基函数融合多代卫星测高及多源重力数据精化大地水准面模型的方法.分别以沿轨垂线偏差和大地水准面高高差作为卫星测高观测量,研究了使用不同类型测高数据对于大地水准面建模精度的影响.针对全球潮汐模型在浅水区域及部分开阔海域精度较低的问题,引入局部潮汐模型研究了不同潮汐模型对于大地水准面的影响.数值分析表明:相比于使用沿轨垂线偏差作为测高观测量,基于沿轨大地水准面高高差解算得到的大地水准面模型的精度更高,特别是在海域区域,其精度提高了2.3cm.由于使用沿轨大地水准面高高差作为测高观测量削弱了潮汐模型长波误差的影响,采用不同潮汐模型对大地水准面解算的影响较小.总体而言,船载重力及测高观测数据在海洋重力场的确定中呈现互补性关系,联合两类重力场观测量可以提高局部重力场的建模精度. 相似文献
11.
Satellite laser ranging (SLR) has proven avery efficient method for contributingto the tracking of altimetric satellites anddetermining accurately their orbitalthough hampered by the non-worldwide coverageand the meteorologicalconditions. Indeed, in some cases it is the onlymethod available to determinethe satellite orbit (e.g., the orbits of the ERS-1and Geosat-Follow-On missions).Moreover, any operational and non-weather dependenttechniques, like GPS,DORIS, PRARE, can exhibit systematic errors inpositioning and orbitography. Acomparison with SLR results allows to evidence sucherrors and vice versa. Fordoing that, two different approaches for determiningprecise orbits can beconsidered: one based on global orbit determination,the other on a short-arctechnique used to locally improve a global orbitdetermined by another trackingtechniques, such as DORIS or GPS. We can thusvalidate a global orbit andachieve orbit quality control to a level of2 to 3 centimeters at present and expectto achieve a level of 1 to 2 centimeters inthe near future. Errors induced bystation coordinates or by the gravity field(geographically correlated errors, forexample) can be estimated from SLR tracking data.Colocation experiments withdifferent techniques in the same geodetic siteplay also a key role to ensure preciserelationships between the geodetic referenceframes linked to each technique. Inparticular, the role of the SLR technique is tostrengthen the vertical component(including velocity) of the positioning, whichis crucial for altimetry missions.The role of SLR data in the modelling of the firstterms of the gravity field has finally to be emphasized,which is of primary importance in orbitography,whatever the tracking technique used.Another application of SLR technology is thesatellite altimeter calibration. Examples of past calibrationand future experiments are given, including theaccuracy we can expect from the Jason-1 and EnviSatspace oceanography missions. 相似文献
12.
As the first radar altimetric satellite of China, HY-2 requires the precise orbit determination with a higher accuracy than that of other satellites. In order to achieve the designed radial orbit with the accuracy better than 10 cm for HY-2, the methods of precise orbit determination for HY-2 with the centimeter-level accuracy based on space geodetic techniques (DORIS, SLR, and satellite-borne GPS) are studied in this paper. Perturbations on HY-2 orbit are analyzed, in particular those due to the non-spherical gravitation of the earth, ocean tide, solid earth tide, solar and earth radiation, and atmospheric drag. Space geodetic data of HY-2 are simulated with the designed HY-2 orbit parameters based on the orbit dynamics theory to optimize the approaches and strategies of precise orbit determination of HY-2 with the dynamic and reduced-dynamic methods, respectively. Different methods based on different techniques are analyzed and compared. The experiment results show that the nonspherical perturbation modeled by GGM02C causes a maximum perturbation, and errors caused by the imperfect modeling of atmospheric drag have an increasing trend on T direction, but errors are relatively stable on the other two directions; besides, the methods with three space geodetic techniques achieve the radial orbit with the precision better than 10 cm. 相似文献
13.
北斗卫星导航系统作为我国自主开发的卫星导航系统,在掩星探测领域有着广泛的应用前景.文章针对利用LEO星载掩星接收机进行北斗掩星探测的任务,在建立LEO卫星轨道模拟系统和北斗全星座模拟系统的基础上,通过仿真计算研究了不同LEO轨道参数条件下北斗掩星事件的特点.分析了对于单颗LEO卫星,北斗掩星事件的数量和分布随LEO轨道参数包括轨道近地点角距、升交点赤经、轨道高度和倾角而变化的规律.针对北斗导航系统由GEO、IGSO和MEO三种轨道卫星组成的特点,对不同类型北斗卫星的掩星事件进行了研究,并分别总结了三种轨道北斗卫星掩星事件的特点.研究结果对利用北斗导航系统进行掩星探测有参考作用. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Geodynamics》2006,41(4-5):494-501
We have processed all available DORIS data from all available satellites, except Jason-1 over the past 10 years (from January 1993 to April 2003). Weekly solutions have been produced for stations positions coordinates, geocenter motion and scale factor stability. We present here accuracy presently achievable for all types of potential geodetic products. Typically weekly stations positions can be derived with a repeatability of 1.0–1.5 cm using data from 5 satellites simultaneously, showing the significant improvement in precision that has been gained recently using the additional new DORIS satellites. As an example, we show how such new results can detect displacement from large magnitude earthquakes, such as the 2003 Denali fault earthquake in Alaska. Displacements of −5 cm in latitude and +2 cm in longitude were easily detected using the DORIS data and are confirmed by recent GPS determination. The terrestrial reference frame was also well be monitored with DORIS during this 10-year period. Other geodetic products, such as tropospheric corrections for atmospheric studies are also analyzed. Finally, we discuss here the possible advantages and weaknesses of the DORIS system as additional geodetic tool, in conjunction with the already existing GPS, VLBI and SLR services, to participate in an Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). 相似文献
15.
The basic task of satellite geodesy is the construction of a unified 3 or 4 dimensional world-wide geodetic network. In this frame the station position, the parameters of the Earth's gravity field, and the orbital elements of the observed satellite would be known.The satellite observations by Doppler method are independent of weather and daylight conditions; they can be done fully automatically and no accumulation of errors occurs. For these reasons, the satellite observations by Doppler methods are getting more and more weight.A simple method is given for the determination of the satellite's position using Doppler shifts observed at several stations of known coordinates. 相似文献
16.
Space geodetic techniques like Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) provide valuable input for, e.g., studies of Global Isostatic Adjustment (GIA). This paper discusses the current precision and accuracy of GPS-derived vertical and horizontal station displacements. The precision is evaluated by repeatabilities and solutions computed from different subintervals of the data available. However, due to systematic effects, the precision is often much better than the accuracy. The accuracy is evaluated by comparisons of the space geodetic techniques amongst each other and comparisons with geophysical models for atmospherical and hydrological loading. Besides the analysis of time series, co-located GNSS, SLR, and VLBI sites allow for a comparison of velocities estimated in Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF) solutions of the different techniques. 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Geodynamics》2006,41(4-5):414-431
Towards the end of the 19th century, geodetic observation techniques allowed it to create geodetic networks of continental size. The insight that big networks can only be set up through international collaboration led to the establishment of an international collaboration called “Central European Arc Measurement”, the predecessor of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), in 1864. The scope of IAG activities was extended already in the 19th century to include gravity.At the same time, astrometric observations could be made with an accuracy of a few tenths of an arcsecond. The accuracy stayed roughly on this level, till the space age opened the door for milliarcsecond (mas) astrometry. Astrometric observations allowed it at the end of the 19th century to prove the existence of polar motion. The insight that polar motion is almost unpredictable led to the establishment of the International Latitude Service (ILS) in 1899.The IAG and the ILS were the tools (a) to establish and maintain the terrestrial and the celestial reference systems, including the transformation parameters between the two systems, and (b) to determine the Earth's gravity field.Satellite-geodetic techniques and astrometric radio-interferometric techniques revolutionized geodesy in the second half of the 20th century. Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) and methods based on the interferometric exploitation of microwave signals (stemming from Quasars and/or from satellites) allow it to realize the celestial reference frame with (sub-)mas accuracy, the global terrestrial reference frame with (sub-)cm accuracy, and to monitor the transformation between the systems with a high time resolution and (sub-)mas accuracy. This development led to the replacement of the ILS through the IERS, the International Earth Rotation Service in 1989.In the pre-space era, the Earth's gravity field could “only” be established by terrestrial methods. The determination of the Earth's gravitational field was revolutionized twice in the space era, first by observing geodetic satellites with optical, Laser, and Doppler techniques, secondly by implementing a continuous tracking with spaceborne GPS receivers in connection with satellite gradiometry. The sequence of the satellite gravity missions CHAMP, GRACE, and GOCE allow it to name the first decade of the 21st century the “decade of gravity field determination”.The techniques to establish and monitor the geometric and gravimetric reference frames are about to reach a mature state and will be the prevailing geodetic tools of the following decades. It is our duty to work in the spirit of our forefathers by creating similarly stable organizations within IAG with the declared goal to produce the geometric and gravimetric reference frames (including their time evolution) with the best available techniques and to make accurate and consistent products available to wider Earth sciences community as a basis for meaningful research in global change. IGGOS, the Integrated Global Geodetic Observing System, is IAG's attempt to achieve these goals. It is based on the well-functioning and well-established network of IAG services. 相似文献
18.
Tang Geshi Li Xie Cao Jianfeng Liu Shushi Chen Guangming Man Haijun Zhang Xiaomin Shi Sihan Sun Ji Li Yongping Calabia Andres 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(2):257-266
On September 20 th, 2015, twenty satellites were successfully deployed into a near-polar circular orbit at 520 km altitude by the Chinese CZ-6 test rocket, which was launched from the Tai Yuan Satellite Launch Center. Among these satellites, a set of 4 Cube Sats conform the atmospheric density detection and precise orbit determination(APOD) mission, which is projected for atmospheric density estimation from in-situ detection and precise orbit products. The APOD satellites are manufactured by China Spacesat Co. Ltd. and the payload instruments include an atmospheric density detector(ADD), a dual-frequency dualmode global navigation satellite system(GNSS) receiver(GPS and Beidou), a satellite laser ranging(SLR) reflector, and an S/Xband very long baseline interferometry(VLBI) beacon. In this paper, we compare the GNSS precise orbit products with colocated SLR observations, and the 3 D orbit accuracy shows better than 10 cm RMS. These results reveal the great potential of the onboard micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS) GNSS receiver. After calibrating ADD density estimates with precise orbit products, the accuracy of our density products can reach about 10% with respect to the background density. Density estimates from APOD are of a great importance for scientific studies on upper atmosphere variations and useful for model data assimilation. 相似文献
19.
Milan Burša 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1965,9(4):313-318
Summary The present theory of the determination of the position of an Earth satellite from simultaneous measurements of the topocentric
coordinates at 2 or more geodetic satellite points is not exact. The inaccuracy is caused by the fact that the measured topocentric
coordinates of the satellite are defined in a system in which the directions of the axes are not exactly parallel to the directions
of the corresponding axes of the geodetic system in which the coordinates of the satellite points are given; this difference
in direction is not respected in the solution. The paper gives an exact solution of the problem. The concepts (4) of geodetic
topocentric declination and geodetic hour angle of the satellite, i.e. the declination and hour angle in the geodetic reference
system, are introduced. With these quantities the problem of determining the position of the satellite is then solved exactly.
There always exist superabundant observations so that the method of least squares can be used. The procedure is outlined for
the case of conditioned observations (suitable for 2 satellite geodetic points) and for the case of intermediate observations
(suitable for >2 satellite geodetic points).
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20.
The orbits of two geodetic satellites, Starlette and Stella, have been analysed in order to determine ocean-tide parameters. The orbit of Starlette has been determined over a three-year period and Stella over a one-year period. Long-period analysis techniques have been used to determine the evolutions of the orbital inclination, eccentricity and right ascension of the ascending node for each satellite due to ocean tides. The ocean-tide parameters have been determined in a simultaneous fitting of the theoretical orbital variations to the observed variations. The results are compared with ocean-tide models. 相似文献