共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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一阶弹性波方程错网格高阶差分解法 总被引：26，自引：6，他引：20
提高计算精度和运算效率是所有波场正演方法所追求的目标,本文通过将速度（应力）对时间的奇数阶高阶转化为应力（速度）对空间的导数,运用时间和空间差分精度均可达任意阶的高阶差分法,通过交错网格技术,对一阶速度－应力弹性波方程进行了数值求解;波场快照以及实际模型的正演结果表明,这种求解一阶弹性小听高阶差分解法,和常规的差分法相比网格频散显著减小,精度明显提高,而且可以取较大的空间步长,提高计算效率。 相似文献
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在数值模拟中,隐式有限差分具有较高的精度和稳定性.然而,传统隐式有限差分算法大多由于需要求解大型矩阵方程而存在计算效率偏低的局限性.本文针对一阶速度-应力弹性波方程,构建了一种优化隐式交错网格有限差分格式,然后将改进格式由时间-空间域转换为时间-波数域,利用二范数原理建立目标函数,再利用模拟退火法求取优化系数.通过对均匀模型以及复杂介质模型进行一阶速度-应力弹性波方程数值模拟所得单炮记录、波场快照分析表明:这种优化隐式交错网格差分算法与传统的几种显式和隐式交错网格有限差分算法相比不但降低了计算量,而且能有效的压制网格频散,使弹性波数值模拟的精度得到有效的提高. 相似文献
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波动方程有限差分法正演模拟,对认识地震波传播规律、进行地震属性研究、地震资料地质解释、储层评价等,均具有重要的理论和实际意义.但有限差分法本身固有存在着数值频散问题,数值频散在正演模拟中是一种严重的干扰,会降低波场模拟的精度与分辨率.针对TI介质波场模拟的交错网格有限差分方法,本文从空间网格离散、时间网格离散和算子近似等三个方面对其产生的数值频散进行了分析,并结合其他学者的研究成果给出了TI介质波场模拟中压制数值频散的方法与策略：在已知介质频散关系时,对差分算子可实施算子校正;通过提高差分方程的阶数来提高波场模拟精度;采用流体力学中守恒式方程的通量校正传输方法来压制波场模拟中的数值频散;在实际正演模拟时,采用交错网格高阶有限差分方程,不仅在空间上采用高阶差分,而且在时间上也要采用高阶差分,否则只在单一方向上（空间或时间）提高方程的阶数对压制数值频散也不会取得理想的效果. 相似文献
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探讨了井巷隧道工程反射波法超前地质预报成像问题.从一阶速度－应力弹性波方程出发,推导了二维各向同性介质情况下弹性波逆时传播的高阶差分格式,实现了弹性波在数值空间中的逆时延拓.构建反射波法隧道超前探测中的断层、软弱夹层等介质模型,以反射波探测的正演记录作为初始条件,并从程函方程出发,采用逆时差分格式求取介质模型网格空间中各点的直达波旅行时作为弹性波逆时偏移的成像条件,实现多波多分量资料的逆时偏移.偏移结果表明,逆时偏移能够使隧道壁接收到的波场准确归位,提高隧道反射波超前探测的资料处理的精度. 相似文献
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地震波场数值模拟是理解地震波在地下介质中的传播特点，帮助解释观测数据的有效手段，而提高计算精度和运算效率是所有波场数值模拟方法研究所追求的目标.有限差分技术是求解波动方程计算效率最高、应用最为广泛的方法之一.但传统的有限差分技术计算过程中的数值频散问题影响了该技术的计算精度与计算效率.本文通过交错网格高阶有限差分技术与通量校正传输方法（Flux|corrected transport method，FCT）相结合, 对横向各向同性介质（Transverse isotropic medium，TI）一阶速度|应力弹性波动方程组进行了数值求解研究.波场快照数值模拟结果表明，本文研究的数值模拟方法与波动方程二阶有限差分方法、交错网格四阶有限差分方法相比，在压制网格数值频散方面有明显的优势，计算精度提高，而且可以利用较大的空间步长，提高计算效率. 相似文献
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给出了在非均匀横向各向同性(TI)介质情况下,四阶时间精度、高阶空间精度的一阶速度-应力P-SV波的波动方程交错网格有限差分解法.首先根据一阶速度(应力)波动方程把速度(应力)对时间的一阶和三阶导数转换为应力(速度)对空间的导数,从而在使用四阶时间精度有限差分格式计算某一时刻的波场时只需要前面两个时间步的波场值;然后在空间上采用高阶有限差分格式以提高数值模拟的精度.数值模拟结果和实测垂直地震剖面(VSP)记录符合得很好,说明该方法是可行的. 相似文献
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交错网格高阶差分方法是一种在保持效率的前提下提高弹性波模拟精度的有效方法.本文将可变空间网格与变化的时间步长技术引入到交错网格高阶差分弹性波模拟中,提出一种空间网格可任意奇数倍变化与时间步长任意变化的交错网格高阶差分弹性波模拟方法.一系列数值试验表明,该方法能够在保证模拟精度的同时,通过有效降低空间与时间维度上的过采样来显著提高弹性波模拟的效率.同时,该方法还能够精细刻画含孔缝洞介质以及横向变化剧烈介质的局部细微结构,减小弹性波模拟误差,提高介质细微结构处的弹性波传播模拟精度. 相似文献
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为克服各向异性弹性波动方程正演模拟的局限,本文研究了各向异性介质拟声波方程的交错网格有限差分数值解法.首先,从VTI介质胡克定律和qP-qSV波频散关系两种思路出发,通过声假设近似,给出了两种不同形式的VTI介质一阶拟声波方程,并通过引入波场的伪速度分量,推导了一种新的VTI介质一阶应力-速度方程,并通过旋转坐标系将其推广到TTI介质中;其次,构造了一阶拟声波方程的交错网格高阶有限差分格式,并推导了相应的PML边界条件;最后,对本文方法中固有的qSV人为干扰波的产生机制和压制方法进行了简单讨论.数值结果表明:3种一阶拟声波方程在运动学和动力学上是等价的,相对于各向异性弹性波正演模拟,其节省了内存,提高了计算效率;各向异性因素会影响反射波旅行时和振幅等波场特征,在后续的处理、反演和解释中不可忽略;VTI介质HESS模型的逆时偏移结果也验证了本文方法的合理性. 相似文献
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随着油气勘探程度的提高,隐蔽油气藏在增储上产方面起到了重要作用,因此发展基于各向异性介质的多分量偏移方法是非常必要的.本文基于横向各向同性（VTI）介质,从二维弹性波速度\|应力方程出发,通过在时间上的二阶差分和空间上的交错网格高阶差分对方程进行离散,得到弹性波交错网格高阶差分的多分量逆时偏移算子.在激发时间成像条件的应用过程中引入Poynting矢量进行成像并消除逆时偏移所引起的低频干扰,在此基础上实现了VTI介质中二维弹性波叠前多分量逆时深度偏移.理论模型的偏移处理表明,该方法能够对地层进行准确成像,并可以消除逆时偏移所引起的低频噪声. 相似文献
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Optimal implicit staggered‐grid finite‐difference schemes based on the sampling approximation method for seismic modelling 
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下载免费PDF全文 We propose new implicit staggered‐grid finite‐difference schemes with optimal coefficients based on the sampling approximation method to improve the numerical solution accuracy for seismic modelling. We first derive the optimized implicit staggered‐grid finite‐difference coefficients of arbitrary even‐order accuracy for the first‐order spatial derivatives using the plane‐wave theory and the direct sampling approximation method. Then, the implicit staggered‐grid finite‐difference coefficients based on sampling approximation, which can widen the range of wavenumber with great accuracy, are used to solve the first‐order spatial derivatives. By comparing the numerical dispersion of the implicit staggered‐grid finite‐difference schemes based on sampling approximation, Taylor series expansion, and least squares, we find that the optimal implicit staggered‐grid finite‐difference scheme based on sampling approximation achieves greater precision than that based on Taylor series expansion over a wider range of wavenumbers, although it has similar accuracy to that based on least squares. Finally, we apply the implicit staggered‐grid finite difference based on sampling approximation to numerical modelling. The modelling results demonstrate that the new optimal method can efficiently suppress numerical dispersion and lead to greater accuracy compared with the implicit staggered‐grid finite difference based on Taylor series expansion. In addition, the results also indicate the computational cost of the implicit staggered‐grid finite difference based on sampling approximation is almost the same as the implicit staggered‐grid finite difference based on Taylor series expansion. 相似文献
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加权近似解析离散化(WNAD) 方法是近年发展的一种在粗网格步长条件下能有效压制数值频散的数值模拟技术. 在地震勘探的实际应用中, 不是所有情况都适合使用空间大网格步长. 为适应波场模拟的实际需要, 本文给出了求解波动方程的非一致网格上的WNAD算法. 这种方法在低速区、介质复杂区域使用细网格, 在其他区域采用粗网格计算. 在网格过渡区域, 根据近似解析离散化方法的特点, 采用了新的插值公式, 使用较少的网格点得到较高的插值精度. 数值算例表明, 非一致网格上的WNAD方法能够有效压制数值频散, 显著减少计算内存需求量和计算时间, 进一步提高了地震波场的数值模拟效率. 相似文献
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To carry out a 3D prestack migration of the Kirchhoff type is still a task of enormous computational effort. Its efficiency can be significantly enhanced by employing a fast traveltime interpolation algorithm. High accuracy can be achieved if secondorder spatial derivatives of traveltimes are included in order to account for the curvature of the wavefront. We suggest a hyperbolic traveltime interpolation scheme that permits the determination of the hyperbolic coefficients directly from traveltimes sampled on a coarse grid, thus reducing the requirements in data storage. This approach is closely related to the paraxial ray approximation and corresponds to an extension of the wellknown method to arbitrary heterogeneous and complex media in 3D. Application to various velocity models, including a 3D version of the Marmousi model, confirms the superiority of our method over the popular trilinear interpolation. This is especially true for regions with strong curvature of the local wavefront. In contrast to trilinear interpolation, our method also provides the possibility of interpolating source positions, and it is 56 times faster than the calculation of traveltime tables using a fast finitedifference eikonal solver. 相似文献
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Theory of equivalent staggered‐grid schemes: application to rotated and standard grids in anisotropic media 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The previous finite‐difference numerical schemes designed for direct application to second‐order elastic wave equations in terms of displacement components are strongly dependent on Poisson's ratio. This fact makes theses schemes useless for modelling in offshore regions or even in onshore regions where there is a high Poisson's ratio material. As is well known, the use of staggered‐grid formulations solves this drawback. The most common staggered‐grid algorithms apply central‐difference operators to the first‐order velocity–stress wave equations. They have been one of the most successfully applied numerical algorithms for seismic modelling, although these schemes require more computational memory than those mentioned based on second‐order wave equations. The goal of the present paper is to develop a general theory that enables one to formulate equivalent staggered‐grid schemes for direct application to hyperbolic second‐order wave equations. All the theory necessary to formulate these schemes is presented in detail, including issues regarding source application, providing a general method to construct staggered‐grid formulations to a wide range of cases. Afterwards, the equivalent staggered‐grid theory is applied to anisotropic elastic wave equations in terms of only velocity components (or similar displacements) for two important cases: general anisotropic media and vertical transverse isotropy media using, respectively, the rotated and the standard staggered‐grid configurations. For sake of simplicity, we present the schemes in terms of velocities in the second‐ and fourth‐order spatial approximations, with second‐order approximation in time for 2D media. However, the theory developed is general and can be applied to any set of second‐order equations (in terms of only displacement, velocity, or even stress components), using any staggered‐grid configuration with any spatial approximation order in 2D or 3D cases. Some of these equivalent staggered‐grid schemes require less computer memory than the corresponding standard staggered‐grid formulation, although the programming is more evolved. As will be shown in theory and practice, with numerical examples, the equivalent staggered‐grid schemes produce results equivalent to corresponding standard staggered‐grid schemes with computational advantages. Finally, it is important to emphasize that the equivalent staggered‐grid theory is general and can be applied to other modelling contexts, e.g., in electrodynamical and poroelastic wave propagation problems in a systematic and simple way. 相似文献
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在采用有限差分方法开展探地雷达复杂目标体精细结构模拟时,为了提高计算精度,常采用非均匀网格对目标区域划分小尺寸的网格,以压制离散网格频散现象和保证有限差分方法的稳定性.常规非均匀网格和自适应亚网格技术在网格剖分数量和粗细网格边界处理上难以达到计算效率和计算精度的均衡.本文根据隐形斗篷(invisible cloak)理论,将基于变换光学(Transformation optics)理论应用于有限差分探地雷达数值计算中.该理论的主要思想是基于目标参数变化而保持电磁场的传播不变性,在坐标变换后,Maxwell方程的形式可以维持不变,而使得相对介电常数与磁导率的表达式变得复杂.通过这种方式可以虚拟地扩大目标体所占的网格节点数,减少背景介质区域的网格数,不增加模型空间的网格总数.另外,这种网格划分方式不但提高了计算效率,同时也可以克服亚网格技术边界反射误差的影响.本文推导实现了基于变换光学的二维有限差分方法,通过典型探地雷达模型测试,对比分析了该方法与常规有限差分、变网格有限差分和自适应亚网格有限差分的优缺点.计算结果验证了基于变换光学的有限差分可用于探地雷达目标精细结构模拟,具有较高的计算精度和计算效率. 相似文献
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The Fourier spectral method and high-order differencing have both been shown to be very accurate in computing spatial derivatives of the acoustic wave equation, requiring only two and three gridpoints per shortest wavelength respectively. In some cases, however, there is a lack of flexibility as both methods use a uniform grid. If these methods are applied to structures with high vertical velocity contrasts, very often most of the model is oversampled. If a complicated interface has to be covered by a fine grid for exact representation, both methods become less attractive as the homogeneous regions are sampled more finely than necessary. In order avoid this limitation we present a differencing scheme in which the grid spacings can be extended or reduced by any integer factor at a given depth. This scheme adds more flexibility and efficiency to the acoustic modelling as the grid spacings can be changed according to the material properties and the model geometry. The time integration is carried out by the rapid expansion method. The spatial derivatives are computed using either the Fourier method or a high-order finite-difference operator in the x-direction and a modified high-order finite-difference operator in the z-direction. This combination leads to a very accurate and efficient modelling scheme. The only additional computation required is the interpolation of the pressure in a strip of the computational mesh where the grid spacing changes. 相似文献
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复杂地形条件下地震波走时算法对于研究复杂地形地区的成像问题有着重要的意义.为了得到精度高且适应于复杂地形的走时算法,首先提出阶梯网格迎风差分法.然后将该方法与不等距网格有限差分法和混合网格线性插值法进行对比研究,得出如下结论:混合网格线性插值法的计算精度最高,但其计算效率最低;阶梯网格迎风差分法的计算精度最低,但其计算效率最高;不等距网格有限差分法的计算精度和计算效率均居中;而究竟选取哪种算法作为给定复杂地形模型的地震波走时算法,应该综合考虑地形的特点、所研究问题对计算精度及计算效率的要求等因素.最后通过一个计算实例验证了三种算法在面对复杂地形、近地表及地下复杂介质等复杂地质条件时均有很好的适应性和稳定性. 相似文献
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O. HOLBERG 《Geophysical Prospecting》1987,35(6):629-655
Conventional finite-difference operators for numerical differentiation become progressively inaccurate at higher frequencies and therefore require very fine computational grids. This problem is avoided when the derivatives are computed by multiplication in the Fourier domain. However, because matrix transpositions are involved, efficient application of this method is restricted to computational environments where the complete data volume required by each computational step can be kept in random access memory. To circumvent these problems a generalized numerical dispersion analysis for wave equation computations is developed. Operators for spatial differentiation can then be designed by minimizing the corresponding peak relative error in group velocity within a spatial frequency band. For specified levels of maximum relative error in group velocity ranging from 0.03% to 3%, differentiators have been designed that have the largest possible bandwidth for a given operator length. The relation between operator length and the required number of grid points per shortest wavelength, for a required accuracy, provides a useful starting point for the design of cost-effective numerical schemes. To illustrate this, different alternatives for numerical simulation of the time evolution of acoustic waves in three-dimensional inhomogeneous media are investigated. It is demonstrated that algorithms can be implemented that require fewer arithmetic and I/O operations by orders of magnitude compared to conventional second-order finite-difference schemes to yield results with a specified minimum accuracy. 相似文献
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双相各向异性介质中偶数阶精度有限差分数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
To improve the accuracy of the conventional finite-difference method, finitedifference numerical modeling methods of any even-order accuracy are recommended. We introduce any even-order accuracy difference schemes of any-order derivatives derived from Taylor series expansion. Then, a finite-difference numerical modeling method with any evenorder accuracy is utilized to simulate seismic wave propagation in two-phase anisotropic media. Results indicate that modeling accuracy improves with the increase of difference accuracy order number. It is essential to find the optimal order number, grid size, and time step to balance modeling precision and computational complexity. Four kinds of waves, static mode in the source point, SV wave cusps, reflection and transmission waves are observed in two-phase anisotropic media through modeling. 相似文献