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《地球物理学进展》2017,(4)
弹性波逆时偏移是当前多分量地震资料相对准确的偏移算法,它能够形成多波模式的成像剖面,从而减少纵波勘探的多解性.本文首先依据各向同性介质中矢量分离纵横波场的速度-应力方程组,利用高阶交错网格有限差分数值方法求解弹性波方程,进而构建矢量的纵波和横波波场,不同于散度和旋度算子分离纵横波场的传统方法,文中提出的矢量分离纵横波场方法保持了原始波场的振幅和相位特征.文中也提出将震源归一化的内积成像条件应用于分离后的纯纵波和横波矢量场,由此得到的转换波成像避免了传统弹性波成像方法中出现的极性反转.水平层状和复杂构造模型测试表明,文中提出的基于矢量分离纵横波场的弹性波逆时偏移方法成像精度高,转换波成像PS和SP极性无反转,所形成的多种模式纯波剖面能够准确地对复杂地下构造成像. 相似文献
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本文提出了一种基于深度学习卷积神经网络(CNN)的全波形反演方法,可对地震散射波场中的散射体进行成像和定位.本文的灵感来自如下猜想:在散射波场剖面上的每个点附近的局部波场与该点到各散射体之间的最小距离有关系,并且这个关系可以被CNN网络所识别.我们将该最小距离定义为散射距离场,并将散射距离场的类别(即大小等级)作为CNN网络的预期输出,而输入就是该点附近的局部波场.最后用上述CNN网络对散射波场进行逐点训练和识别.计算结果证实了我们的灵感猜想,即上述CNN网络能够在复杂散射波场中对散射体进行成像.只通过一个训练模型的学习,CNN网络即可反演多种散射模型的偏移剖面,最后得到"类别函数预测值"和"滤波剖面"两种成像结果,由此可以辨识出在复杂的偏移剖面中各散射体的位置. 相似文献
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断层陡坎的形态可以保存有关断层带上地震活动等重要信息,陡坎上的坡折就是多次地震发生后陡坎演化留下的微地貌信息。以往研究选取的断层陡坎多为位于标准阶地面上的断层陡坎,而断层沿线地貌现象复杂,因此需要探索一种具有普适性的断层陡坎形态研究方法。本研究将常见的断层陡坎剖面按照形态划分为三种类型,以LiDAR技术获取的0.2m分辨率DEM数据为基础,选择了8个属于不同断层陡坎剖面类型的实验区,每个实验区采集不少于20条剖面,通过窗口检验确定研究区最佳数据获取移动窗口为7个像元并计算每条剖面的坡度值,通过坡度约束限定陡坎范围,进而识别坡折并获取坡折信息。对坡折信息进行概率密度统计,根据概率密度统计图中的峰值个数确定强震事件的次数。结果显示,陡坎形态研究结果与古地震探槽结果表现出较好的一致性,表明本文提出的陡坎形态研究方法可以适用于不同类型断层陡坎来确定强震事件次数。 相似文献
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《地震地质》2017,(6)
以稳态的河水动力侵蚀方程为基础,分析河道高程剖面,可以得到河道陡峭系数,从而反映区域基岩隆升速率的空间分布特征。利用传统的坡度-面积分析法计算陡峭系数时,需要对原始高程数据进行平滑、重采样和微分等一系列操作来计算坡度,这会造成信息丢失和重复引入误差。而近5a来逐渐得到推广应用的积分方法,通过直接求解河水动力侵蚀方程,将稳态的河道高程剖面变换成1条直线,直线斜率即河道陡峭系数,避免了计算坡度带来的缺点。同时,该方法用积分函数表示基岩河道高程剖面,可以将陡峭系数和其他一些地貌参数(坡度长度指数、面积高程曲线积分)联系起来,为用这些参数表示区域构造活动信息提供理论依据。此外,该方法还可用于判别分水岭迁移方向。因此,综合这些优势,积分法在分析流域地貌特征和进行构造地貌的研究中具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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本文采用反射映像（即U/D成像）原理对大地电磁资料进行成像,将地面观测的波场分解成上行波和下行波,并分别向下延拓,利用上、下行波的时间一致性原理确定地下电性界面的位置.对TE和TM模式的MT响应分别处理可以得到两个深度剖面,两剖面的一致性便为实际反射界面的最佳估计.理论和实际资料的计算表明,MT偏移技术是比较有效的,它可获得地下界面直观的映像.和常规MT反演方法相比较,该方法具有算法简单等优点,并且还能获得表示地下地质构造真实映像的MT深度剖面. 相似文献
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基于垂直地震剖面(VSP)资料中上、下行波视速度的差异,利用地震剖面同相轴局部斜率属性参数,提出了一种分离上、下行波场的新方法.首先利用Fourier变换初步分离上、下行波场,然后利用平面波分解滤波器(Plane Wave Destruction (PWD) Filter)技术估计初始分离波场的同相轴局部斜率属性参数,在此基础上对VSP原始资料波场分离.该方法是一种时间域最小平方优化分离波场的方法,不存在其他滤波方法阈值滤波器边界的影响,减少了因镶边问题带来的假象.模拟和实际资料处理结果表明,该方法与传统方法相比,分离出的上、下行波噪声假象少,振幅保持好,更好地消除了上、下行波的相互影响. 相似文献
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《应用地球物理》2019,(3)
在海洋地震勘探中,海底电缆技术采集的多分量地震数据,涉及到多参数的反演与成像问题,本文针对海底电缆多分量地震数据提出了一种弹性波多参数最小二乘逆时偏移方法。该方法的波场延拓算子为混合方程,即在海水介质中采用声波方程进行波场计算,而海底固体介质的波场由纵横波形分离的矢量弹性波方程得到。在海底界面中采用声弹耦合控制方程将两种类型的方程结合起来。通过推导纵横波形分离的弹性波偏移算子、反偏移算子和梯度公式实现基于纵横波形分离的弹性波最小二乘逆时偏移方法。通过模型试算证明了该方法能够得到高质量的纵波速度和横波速度分量的成像剖面,相比与传统弹性波最小二乘逆时偏移方法,多参数耦合造成的成像串扰噪音得到了很好地压制。 相似文献
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2002年7月黑河流域上游降水以及产、汇流过程的模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用包含土壤、植被陆面过程OSULSM的中尺度大气模式MM5, 将分布式水文模式DHSVM中汇流方案与其耦合, 成功地模拟了2002年7月黑河流域上游的洪水事件, 用数值方法再现了洪水的流动过程. 结果显示: 洪峰到达流经各点的时间不同, 遇到分岔路时, 水流按照地形坡降大小不同, 自动按比例分流, 较大部分从地势坡度大的方向流向低处, 也会有较少部分向坡度较小的方向流去. 坡面汇流方案的加入, 使得大气模式中实现了地表水的再分配. 相似文献
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在活动构造区, 河流地貌对构造活动具有明显的响应, 地貌形态和水系形态能够很好地记录构造活动信息。 基于地貌演化理论, 考虑断层的左旋错动作用及降雨等因素, 利用数值模拟方法, 定量研究河流形态在断层水平错动及流水侵蚀内外力作用下的动力学演变过程。 初步的计算结果显示了河流形态与断层走滑运动的耦合效应。 断层发生水平左旋滑动促使该处河道两侧的陡坎发生相对错动, 形成弯转水系, 伴随河流的侧向侵蚀作用, 河道上下游连续被拓宽, 河道下游右侧堆积了较厚的沉积物, 而河道上游左侧由于受到较强流水侵蚀作用很难堆积沉积物。 分别对河道上游和河道下游的横剖面形态进行对比分析, 表明由于断层水平错动效应, 使得河道下游两侧呈现不对称特征, 而河道上游依然保持着明显对称性。 同时, 河道剖面形态对断层水平错动作用有积极的响应, 由于断层持续左旋走滑运动, 断层处剖面的高程突然增加, 坡度也随之突然变陡。 数值模拟结果与实际地质考察结果有着很好的一致性, 证明了理论和数值模型的可靠性。 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
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Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
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Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
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K.-G. Malle 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(4):196-204
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters. 相似文献