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1.
南四湖沉积剖面中色素与有机碳同位素特征的古环境意义 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
湖泊沉积物中的色素含量与种类是研究湖泊初始生产力和湖泊环境的有效手段之一．而有机碳同位素比值反映了沉积有机物来源信息．本文在对南四湖沉积剖面中总有机碳含量分析的基础上,测定了有机碳的同位素比值,同时通过剖面中色素指标的分析,揭示该湖泊环境演化历史．研究表明,南四湖成湖时代为2．45kaB．P,成期水体主要来自黄河泛滥;其次,南四湖东西沉积环境差异较大,西部（微山湖）主要受黄河泛滥影响,东部（独山湖）则为山麓碎屑沉积;近代南四湖中蓝藻大量繁盛,湖泊具有逐步向富营养化发展的趋势． 相似文献
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基于多指标分析的博斯腾湖表层沉积物有机碳来源 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过有机碳稳定同位素(δ13Corg)、有机碳、氮含量及其比值(C∶N)的测定,结合已有的正构烷烃空间分布特征数据,对新疆博斯腾湖表层沉积物的有机碳来源进行综合研究.结果表明:博斯腾湖表层沉积物δ13Corg值在-26.7‰~-24.1‰之间波动,变幅较小;C∶N的波动范围为4.8~8.5,平均值约为7.4;正构烷烃的碳数分布范围为n C13~n C35,所有采样点样品的主峰碳以n C17和n C23为主.参考博斯腾湖文献调查资料,基于δ13Corg值、C∶N及正构烷烃等指标的空间分布状况,发现博斯腾湖表层沉积物中的有机碳主要来自湖泊内部浮游生物的残体;而不同湖区沉积物有机碳的内、外源贡献比例不同,其中陆源碎屑、挺水植物、沉水植物的贡献空间差异较大.博斯腾湖有机碳来源的空间差异主要表现在湖泊东部近岸水域表层沉积物有机碳主要为外源贡献,中心湖泊东部和西部浅水区表层沉积物有机碳由外源和内源共同贡献,而其余大部分水域表层沉积物有机碳则主要为内源贡献. 相似文献
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有机碳和无机碳的流域输出是湖泊碳埋藏的重要驱动因子, 而喀斯特地区无机碳循环具有反应迅速且对人类活动影响敏感的特点. 在流域开发持续增强的背景下, 喀斯特地区湖泊有机碳和无机碳的来源、含量与埋藏通量可能会出现同步变化的协同模式. 本文以云南省石林喀斯特地区流域土地利用类型不同的两个中型湖泊(长湖、月湖)开展对比分析, 通过对沉积物钻孔的土壤侵蚀强度(磁化率)、流域外源输入(C∶N比值)、水动力(粒度)、营养盐(总氮、总磷)、藻类生产力(叶绿素色素)等代用指标的分析, 结合监测数据和历史资料重建了两个湖泊环境变化的近百年历史, 并定量识别了有机碳和无机碳埋藏响应流域开发的变化特征与协同模式. 沉积物磁化率和C∶N比值结果揭示了流域地表侵蚀和外源输入的阶段性特征, 同时总氮和总磷含量记录了长湖和月湖营养水平上升的长期模式. 在流域森林覆被较高(33.43%)的长湖中, 全岩和有机质C∶N比值分别与磁化率信号呈显著正相关(r=0.95和0.89, P＜0.001), 且与无机碳和有机碳含量呈显著负相关(r=-0.94, P＜0.001和r=-0.52, P=0.01), 反映了森林植被退化时流域碳输出的减少对沉积物碳含量的影响. 而在流域耕地覆被为主(60.98%)的月湖中, 全岩和有机质C∶N比值与磁化率信号呈显著负相关(r=-0.54, P＜0.01和r=-0.67, P＜0.001), 且全岩C∶N比值与无机碳含量(P=0.15)无显著关系, 反映了耕作强度的增加可能促进了水体富营养化和内源输入的增强. 在两个湖泊中, 营养水平的上升和内源生产力的增加促进了有机碳含量的快速增加. 进一步分析表明, 近百年来长湖有机碳与无机碳含量变化的同步性明显(r=0.54, P＜0.001)而在月湖中无显著关系(P=0.20, P>0.05). 两个湖泊中沉积通量的变化均与全岩C∶N比值呈显著正相关(r=0.48和0.45, P≤0.001), 且有机碳与无机碳埋藏通量均呈现同步变化的显著特征(r=0.72和0.85, P＜0.001). 其中长湖的无机碳埋藏通量显著高于有机碳埋藏通量, 而月湖的有机碳埋藏通量略高于无机碳埋藏通量, 反映了岩溶地区流域外源输入和水体富营养化的差异性驱动影响. 在流域开发增强的梯度下, 森林退化会降低流域碳输出的负荷, 而农业扩张和水体富营养化会促进藻类生长和内源有机碳的累积. 因此, 流域土地利用和水体营养水平对湖泊无机碳和有机碳埋藏变化的长期轨迹和协同模式产生了重要影响, 对喀斯特地区的碳库评估需要考虑无机碳循环的重要性. 相似文献
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不同密度藻屑堆积下沉积物碳氮磷释放特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
蓝藻碎屑分解引起氮磷释放已受到广泛关注,但堆积的藻屑与沉积物交互作用引发污染物释放的效应知之甚少.采集于桥水库沉积物柱状样,设置5个藻屑添加组和对照组(无藻屑添加),恒温培养(27±1℃),模拟夏季温度条件下不同密度藻屑堆积下沉积物中碳氮磷释放特征.结果表明:藻屑堆积后加强了上覆水中溶解氧与硝态氮的消耗,5个藻屑添加组18小时后上覆水均处于厌氧状态.各实验组上覆水中的溶解性有机碳(DOC)浓度在第3小时增加,且SUVA254值处于0.54~1.74 L/(mg·m)之间,说明DOC可能来源于藻源性释放.各藻屑添加组培养过程中上覆水的溶解性有机氮(DON)、铵态氮和正磷酸盐浓度持续增加,最高平均释放速率分别达4.44、0.20和0.03 mg/(L·h),分别为对照组的21.73、1.76和67.58倍;其中DON为溶解性总氮主要存在形态,在实验结束时DOC/DON比值降低,说明藻屑或者沉积物有机质短期内并未完全矿化,且DOC优先DON被微生物利用.因此蓝藻碎屑堆积增强了沉积物需氧量,加快沉积物与水之间的氮磷营养盐、DOC循环,从而对沉积物中污染物地球化学循环过程造成进一步的影响. 相似文献
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富营养化湖泊沉积物有机质矿化过程中碳、氮、磷的迁移特征 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
采用室内培养的方法,以富营养化湖泊太湖为例,研究了沉积物有机质矿化过程中碳、氮、磷的迁移特征.结果表明,在沉积物中的有机质矿化过程中,碳以溶解性无机碳释放至水中,同时以CH4和CO2形式释放至大气中,培养结束时,CH4和CO2累积排放含量分别为1492.21和498.96 mg/g(dw),其中CH4占气态碳的89.16%(以C质量计);此外,大量的氮、磷营养盐释放至上覆水体,水中总氮、总磷和铵态氮的最高浓度分别是初始浓度的62.16、28.16和139.45倍,而硝态氮浓度在整个培养过程中逐渐下降,培养末期浓度是初期的0.21倍;厌氧条件下,沉积物有机质的矿化,不仅可以生成大量的CH4、CO2气体,还能够促使沉积物中铵态氮和磷的释放;而沉积物有机质矿化释放的碳、氮、磷营养元素又能加剧湖泊富营养化程度,促进湖泊水体的初级生产力,从而增加湖泊沉积物有机质输入.这样的循环方式可能是湖泊富营养化自维持的重要机制之一. 相似文献
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通过对内蒙古高原呼伦湖沉积物样品总有机碳含量(TOC)及其稳定同位素(δ13Corg)、总氮含量(TN)和TOC/TN(C/N)值的测定,结合沉积岩芯AMS14C年代标尺,分析了中全新世以来呼伦湖沉积物有机碳埋藏速率随时间变化的趋势及有机质的来源,并探讨了影响呼伦湖有机碳埋藏的主要因素.结果表明,中全新世以来呼伦湖有机碳埋藏速率平均值约为2.06 g/(m~2·a),碳储量约为35.25 Tg C,且总体上呈现增加趋势.呼伦湖沉积物中有机质主要来源于外源输入,但近1000 a以来内源输入逐渐增加并占据优势.呼伦湖有机碳埋藏速率与温度和降水均呈负相关,表明在长时间尺度上,升温及降水量的增加可能对呼伦湖的碳埋藏起到一定的抑制作用. 相似文献
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湖泊现代沉积物碳环境记录研究 总被引：37，自引：3，他引：37
通过对云南程海现代沉积物的精细采样和分析, 研究了湖泊沉积物中有机碳与无机碳含量阶段性的正相关和负相关变化. 结果表明, 温度及其引起的相关变化是控制沉积物无机碳含量、碳酸盐δ 13C和有机碳含量变化关系的主要因素. 当温度及其引起的光合作用强度变化对湖泊自生碳酸钙沉淀起主导作用时, 沉积物有机碳含量与无机碳含量及碳酸盐δ 13C呈正相关变化; 当温度及其引起的蒸发速率等其他物理化学因素变化对湖泊自生碳酸钙沉淀起主导作用时, 沉积物有机碳含量与无机碳含量及碳酸盐δ 13C呈负相关变化. 程海沉积物无机碳含量和碳酸盐δ 13C是湖区气候冷暖变化的良好代用指标. 相似文献
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1860年以来博斯腾湖碳沉积过程演变 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
选取博斯腾湖3个不同点位岩芯,在210Pb和137Cs年代序列基础上,利用沉积物中的各理化指标,分析了该湖碳沉积的时空变化特征,结合各指标的相关性、沉积速率、C/N、同位素特征等,探讨了该湖1860年以来碳沉积环境的变化过程,为干旱区湖泊碳埋藏研究提供了依据.结果表明：1860-1910年,沉积速率相对较小,受人类活动影响较小,磁化率、中值粒径、总无机碳（TIC）较为稳定,总有机碳（TOC）含量相对较低,此时该湖有较多陆源有机质的输入;1910-1950年,湖泊西部浅水域沉积速率明显高于东部深水区,西北湖区水域有大量外源物质的输入,而湖泊初级生产力较低,内源贡献相对较小;1950-1980年,全湖TOC、TIC含量均呈现升高的趋势,尤其是西北近黄水沟水域升高最快,湖泊内源贡献在增加,陆源组分的输入相对前一阶段要少;1980-2002年,沉积速率快速升高,尤其湖泊东部水域最为明显,TOC含量均呈现升高的趋势,湖泊西部水域初级生产力要高于东部深水区,湖面蒸发较强,气候比较温暖;2002年以来,全湖沉积速率相对较高,外源有机质贡献较小.过去150年博斯腾湖沉积物碳累积速率整体上呈现出升高的趋势,尤其是近50年来快速升高,东部湖区碳累积速率比西部湖区高. 相似文献
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Paraskevi N. Polymenakou Glykeria Fragkioudaki Anastasios Tselepides 《Continental Shelf Research》2007
Recently, black carbon has been introduced as the form of carbon that may be separated from the biologically mediated carbon cycle thereby representing the non-bioavailable fraction of the estimated organic carbon. It has been speculated that the bioavailability of organic matter may be a limiting factor for the presence of active bacteria within the sediments. In order to address this question, marine sediments were collected from the Thracian Sea (Eastern Mediterranean), a complex system impacted by riverine inputs and Black Sea water masses. In addition to counts of total bacteria, we estimated the fraction of active bacteria by using a destaining step to the DAPI staining method. Black carbon was also estimated following the thermal oxidation method in order to determine the fraction of the refractory organic matter. The fraction of black carbon to total organic carbon varied from 16% to 53% indicating that black carbon constitutes a significant pool of sedimentary organic carbon in the Thracian sea. A fraction ranging from 18% to 97% was scored as nucleoid containing cells. We did not record any significant differences in the fraction of nucleoid-containing bacteria among sediment depths (P<0.05) indicating that there was no accumulation of dead bacterial cells with depth. The same was observed for the fraction of black carbon and bioavailable organic carbon with sediment depth (P<0.05) indicating that benthic consumers are not the key regulators of the organic matter pool in these sediments but have a minor effect. A possible reason for these observations and for the uncoupling between the active bacterial fraction and the bioavailability of organic matter could be (i) the presence of refractory components in the estimated bioavailable organic matter and (ii) the hydrological and geological complexity of the study area. The North Aegean marginal slopes are highly unstable experiencing frequent seismic events. These events are capable of inducing sediment transport from the upper slopes thus altering the entire sediment profile. On the other hand, the significant correlations that were recorded between nucleoid-containing cells and phytopigments (chlorophyll a, phaeopigments, chloroplastic pigment equivalents) at all sediment depths indicate that bacterial communities respond immediately to the deposited phytodetritus, using it as a primary source of carbon and energy. Our data suggests that the Thracian Sea sediments are by no means homogeneous and can best be described as a mosaic controlled by numerous local and regional environmental factors. 相似文献
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人为干扰和气候变化会改变湖泊水位状态,明确不同水位条件下湖泊沉积物有机碳矿化特征及其影响因素,对了解内陆水生态系统碳循环具有重要意义.为探究干旱区典型盐湖沉积物有机碳矿化速率对水位变化的响应,以巴里坤湖干涸湖底原状沉积物为研究对象,初步探究了0（T1）、-9（T2）、-23（T3）、-34（T4）和-45 cm（T5）水位处理对沉积物有机碳矿化速率的影响.结果表明,T1、T2和T3处理有机碳矿化速率在试验初期较高（0~10 d）,10 d后缓慢下降,T4和T5处理有机碳矿化速率呈先增加后降低趋势;T1（1.718 μmol/（m2·s））与T3（1.784 μmol/（m2·s））处理有机碳矿化速率不存在显著差异,T1处理有机碳矿化速率是T2、T4和T5处理的1.09、3.31和3.57倍,不同处理有机碳累积矿化量表现为T3 > T1 > T2 > T4 > T5.有机碳累积矿化量（Ct）占沉积物有机碳（C0）的比例（Ct/C0）介于0.012~0.044之间,沉积物有机碳潜在排放量（Ci）占C0的比例（Ci/C0）介于0.018~0.045之间;水位降低,沉积物有机碳矿化常数（k值）减小,T1处理k值最大（0.137 d）,T4处理最小（0.032 d）.线性方程Cr=0.008x+0.488能较好地模拟有机碳矿化速率（Cr）与水位（x）的关系;不同水位处理有机碳矿化速率与模拟柱中沉积物5 cm温度呈显著的指数函数关系,T4、T5处理有机碳矿化温度敏感系数（Q10）显著高于T1、T2和T3处理,即水位降低增加了巴里坤湖干涸湖底沉积物Q10.因此,就巴里坤湖干涸湖底沉积物而言,水位从0 cm降至-45 cm时有机碳矿化速率降低,Q10增加;反之水位上升则会促进有机碳矿化分解,Q10降低.水位持续下降抑制有机碳矿化可能是维持干旱区盐湖沉积物碳库稳定的机制之一. 相似文献
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Hairu Li Gang Liu Ju Gu Hong Chen Hongqiang Shi Mohamed A. M. Abd Elbasit Feinan Hu 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14060
Aggregate disintegration is a critical process in soil splash erosion. However, the effect of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its fractions on soil aggregates disintegration is still not clear. In this study, five soils with similar clay contents and different contents of SOC have been used. The effects of slaking and mechanical striking on splash erosion were distinguished by using deionized water and 95% ethanol as raindrops. The simulated rainfall experiments were carried out in four heights (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 m). The result indicated that the soil aggregate stability increased with the increases of SOC and light fraction organic carbon (LFOC). The relative slaking and the mechanical striking index increased with the decreases of SOC and LFOC. The reduction of macroaggregates in eroded soil gradually decreased with the increase of SOC and LFOC, especially in alcohol test. The amount of macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) in deionized water tests were significantly less than that in alcohol tests under the same rainfall heights. The contribution of slaking to splash erosion increased with the decrease of heavy fractions organic carbon. The contribution of mechanical striking was dominant when the rainfall kinetic energy increased to a range of threshold between 9 J m−2 mm−1 and 12 m−2 mm−1. This study could provide the scientific basis for deeply understanding the mechanism of soil aggregates disintegration and splash erosion. 相似文献
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湖泊沉积物中S、C及其比值的环境意义 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本文以浅淡水湖固城湖和微咸水湖岱海为例,研究沉积物中有面碳,总硫和其比值（OC／TS）的垂向分布规律及其沉积环境（沉积时期的气候冷暖及干湿变化等）,古盐度及环境污染等方面的意义,固城湖沉积物的氧化还原交界面（5cm深处）上硫高碳低,OC／TS突然变小,岱海在高水位年代OC／TS增高,低水位年则降低,分别属于冷湿和冷干气候条件下的沉积特征,论证了OC／TS指标从海洋沉积研究移植到湖泊沉积研究的可用性及其应用前景。 相似文献
16.
《Limnologica》2015
To establish the influence of phytoplankton blooms on the dynamics and sources of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in Lake Taihu, the concentrations and stable carbon isotope values (δ13C) of DOC and particulate organic carbon (POC) were analyzed, along with environmental factors, including water temperature, chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration, phytoplankton community and total bacterial abundance, from March to August 2013 at five sites in Lake Taihu. Significant differences were observed in the DOC concentrations and δ13CDOC values at the sampling sites. On average, the proportion of DOC in the total organic carbon (TOC) pool ranged from 30% ± 10% to 81% ± 7%. POC was positively associated with both Chl a concentration and cyanobacteria biomass, suggesting that cyanobacteria blooms contribute to the POC pool in Lake Taihu. Depleted 13C in DOC relative to POC was observed in August, indicating that DOC was partially derived from POC in August. However, Chl a explained only 40% of the variation in DOC in the entirety of Lake Taihu, and at two sites far from the estuary, the contribution of allochthonous carbon was less than 50% in August. These results suggested a greater influence of allochthonous sources on the DOC pool. Moreover, the biodegradability of DOC was further determined by the total dissolved carbohydrates to DOC ratio (TCHO/DOC), specific UV absorbance (SUVA254), and the concentrations of bioavailable DOC (BDOC). On average, 17% of the variation in DOC was attributable to the BDOC pool, and the BDOC concentration correlated positively with Chl a, cyanobacteria biomass, and total bacterial abundance, suggesting that cyanobacteria–derived DOC is biodegradable and is preferentially utilized by bacteria. 相似文献
17.
湖泊沉积物碳埋藏及其驱动机制是陆地生态系统碳循环及全球变化研究的热点问题之一,但以往湖泊碳循环的研究大多局限于有机碳,较少考虑无机碳的地位和作用.我国干旱-半干旱地区湖泊众多、无机碳储量丰富,在区域碳循环过程中的作用日益突出,因此探讨这些地区湖泊沉积物无机碳埋藏变化对深入理解区域碳循环具有重要意义.本研究通过对内蒙古高原呼伦湖15个沉积岩芯样品无机碳含量(TIC)的测定,结合沉积岩芯210Pb、137Cs年代标尺,分析了1850年以来呼伦湖无机碳埋藏速率时空变化,并揭示了影响呼伦湖无机碳埋藏的主要因素.结果表明,1980s之前,呼伦湖无机碳含量总体维持在相对稳定的低值,1980s之后开始快速增加,且近百年来呼伦湖平均无机碳含量在不同湖区差异不显著.1850年以来呼伦湖无机碳埋藏速率变化范围约为7.10～74.29 g/(m2·a),平均值约为36.15 g/(m2·a),且大体上可分为3个阶段,即1900s以前相对稳定的低值阶段、1900s-1950s期间的快速增加阶段以及1950s以来的波动增加阶段,各阶段无机碳埋藏速率平均值分别约为10.40、26.29和41.00 g/(m2·a).空间上,呼伦湖无机碳埋藏速率整体表现为中部高、南北两端低的分布格局,这可能与湖心水动力条件相对稳定,有利于碳酸盐沉积有关.此外,呼伦湖无机碳埋藏速率与湖区温度变化呈显著正相关,而与周边人类活动影响关系不明显,表明在未来全球变暖背景下,呼伦湖无机碳埋藏速率将进一步增加,湖泊在区域碳循环中的作用将更加显著. 相似文献
18.
Mountainous regions are important contributors to the terrestrial organic carbon (OC) sink that affect global climate through the regulation of carbon‐based greenhouse gases. However, mountain OC dynamics are poorly quantified. We quantified OC storage in subalpine lake deltas in the Washington Central Cascades and Colorado Front Range with the objectives of determining the magnitude of transient carbon storage and understanding the differences in storage between the two ranges. We used field, laboratory, and GIS techniques to determine the magnitude of and controls on the subalpine lake delta OC pool in 26 subalpine lake deltas. Soil moisture, soil texture, mean basin slope, and delta valley confinement are significantly correlated with soil carbon on deltas. Average soil OC concentration on subalpine lake deltas ranges from 3 to 41%, and stocks range from 140 to 1256 Mg C/ha. Surprisingly, the carbon content of subalpine lake deltas is not significantly different between the two regions, despite stark contrasts in their climate, vegetation, and total ecosystem carbon stocks. We present a conceptual model that invokes geomorphic and biogeochemical processes to suggest that carbon is more likely to reach subalpine lake deltas from the upstream basin in the Colorado Front Range compared with the Washington Central Cascades, thus accounting for the similarity in OC storage between the two regions despite differences in total ecosystem carbon stocks and climate. This points to a complex interaction among carbon production, transport, and stability in each region, and supports the idea that geomorphic and biogeochemical processes determine the magnitude of transient OC storage more strongly than primary productivity or climate. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献