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1.
南亚热带富营养化抽水型水库轮虫的组成与动态 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
大镜山水库位于广东省珠海市,是一座供应珠海市和澳门特别行政区饮水的抽水型中型水库.抽水改变了水体的水动力过程以及水体生态系统的动态过程.为了解这一动态过程中轮虫的群落结构及环境冈子对轮虫的影响,于2005年1-12月,每月一次对该水库敞水区进行了采样调查.共采集到轮虫32种,其中,臂尾轮科12种,异尾轮科、腔轮科各有4种,它们主要是热带、亚热带地区的常见种和优势种类.热带龟甲轮虫(Keratella tropica)、对棘异尾轮虫(Trichocerea stylata)、螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)、迈氏三肢轮虫(Filinia maior)、裂痕龟纹轮虫(Anuraeopsis fissa)、角突臂尾轮虫(Brachionus angularis)、剪形臂尾轮虫(Brachionus forficula)、卵形无柄轮虫(Ascomorpha ovalis)、敞水胶鞘轮虫(Collotheea pelagiea)和卜氏品囊轮虫(Asplanchna brightwelli)为优势种,这些优势种个体小、具有硬被甲.轮虫的多样性指数在0.29-0.81之间变动,与相同营养水平的湖泊相比,大镜山水库轮虫的种类数和多样性指数均较低,轮虫丰度和生物量的分布范围分别为21-1094ind./L和4.04-1127μg/L,高峰期均出现在2月和5月,二者具有相似的动态特征.轮虫个体的大小范围在50-620μm之间,轮虫种类和丰度的组成均以200μm以下的小型个体为主,如裂痕龟纹轮虫、角突臂尾轮虫等,轮虫生物量组成主要是以200-400μm的中型个体为主,如卜氏晶囊轮虫、萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus Calyeiflorus)等,温度、透明度、浮游植物生物量和蓝藻生物量是影响水库轮虫群落结构特征和动态的主要环境因子. 相似文献
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于2010年5月—2011年2月,对南京市5座中型湖泊型水库浮游动物群落结构进行每季度一次的调查采样,同时测定总氮、总磷、透明度等理化因子及浮游植物等生物因子.共鉴定到浮游动物17科28属,优势种为盔形溞(Daphnia galeata)、象鼻溞(Bosmina spp.)、汤匙华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus dorrii)、多肢轮虫(Trichocerca spp.)、异尾轮虫(Polyarthra spp.)等.5座水库浮游动物年均密度变化范围为72~1401 ind./L,其中河王水库密度显著大于其他水库,而4个季节间浮游动物密度无显著差异.5座水库浮游动物年均生物量变化范围为102~339μg/L,季节间、水库间浮游动物生物量均无显著性差异.浮游动物群落结构与环境因子的典范对应分析表明,影响5座水库浮游动物群落结构的环境因子主要为营养盐、水温、透明度和浮游植物密度. 相似文献
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淮北采煤塌陷区小型湖泊轮虫群落结构的季节变化 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
2005年3月至2007年2月对淮北采煤塌陷区两个小型湖泊(南湖和乾隆湖)轮虫的群落结构进行了连续两年的调查.南湖共检测到轮虫9属14种,乾隆湖共计15属27种.乾隆湖轮虫年平均密度为1916 ind./L,约为南湖(198.4 ind./L)的近10倍.乾隆湖和南湖轮虫的最大密度分别为6915和1185 ind./L.在南湖和乾隆湖轮虫的季节动态中,冬、春季以前额犀轮虫为主,夏、秋季以多肢轮虫、异尾轮虫为主.在南湖,长肢多肢轮虫、暗小异尾轮虫和小链巨头轮虫分别占年平均密度的24.4％、24.0％和23.0％.在乾隆湖,暗小异尾轮虫、长肢多肢轮虫和裂痕龟纹轮虫分别占年平均密度的31.5％、27.2％和7.3％.南湖和乾隆湖轮虫的Shannon-Wiener指数范围分别为0～2.06和1.28 ～2.68,平均值分别为0.67和1.99.水温、营养盐和浮游植物生物量对淮北采煤塌陷区小型湖泊轮虫的群落结构具有重要影响. 相似文献
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淮南采煤沉陷区内小型塌陷湖泊轮虫群落结构特征 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
在淮南潘谢矿区内设置3个水文生态环境条件差异较大的小型煤矿塌陷湖泊研究站点,分别为潘谢潘集站(PXPJ)、潘谢顾桥站(PXGQ)和潘谢谢桥站(PXXQ),于2013 2014年4个季度分别对这3个湖泊的轮虫群落结构组成特征及水生态环境因子影响因素进行分析.共观察到轮虫15属32种,其中PXPJ站点13属25种,PXGQ站点13属24种,PXXQ站点11属20种.3个塌陷湖泊轮虫群落结构具有较大的时空分布差异,主要优势种为曲腿龟甲轮虫、罗氏异尾轮虫、前节晶囊轮虫、卜氏晶囊轮虫和针簇多肢轮虫.PXPJ、PXGQ、PXXQ站点轮虫丰度范围分别为500~2800、950~3350、400~3900 ind./L,3个站点Shannon-Wiener多样性性指数的平均值分别为2.71、2.68和2.54,体现了塌陷湖泊β中污染型水质环境的特点.轮虫群落结构与环境因子的冗余分析结果表明:水温、电导率和营养盐等环境因子对淮南采煤塌陷湖泊的轮虫群落结构影响较大. 相似文献
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洪泽湖轮虫群落结构及其与环境因子的关系 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
2010年5月至2011年2月对洪泽湖轮虫进行季度采样,分析了洪泽湖轮虫的种类组成、时空分布及其群落结构与环境因子的关系.结果表明,洪泽湖共观察到轮虫17属34种,优势种为螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)、前节晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna priodonta)、长肢多肢轮虫(Polyarthra dolichoptera)、萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)和曲腿龟甲轮虫(Keratella valga).轮虫种类的空间分布格局呈现较大差异,种类数在北部成子湖最高(27种),西南部湖区次之(26种),东部沿岸带最低(19种);而密度则表现为西南部湖区略高于成子湖,东部沿岸带最低.轮虫的群落结构季节差异明显,密度和生物量在春季最高,秋季次之,而夏季最低.典范对应分析结果表明,水温、溶解氧及叶绿素a等因子对轮虫种类的季节变化及密度生物量的影响最大;总磷、总氮及可溶性无机氮等水体中的营养盐也是影响轮虫群落结构的重要因素. 相似文献
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丹江口水库浮游轮虫群落季节变动特征及其与环境因子的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解丹江口水库轮虫群落的季节变化及其与环境因子的关系,于2007年7月至2008年5月对丹江口水库轮虫群落及理化因子进行了周年调查.共检测到轮虫62种,隶属于12科23属,其中丹江库区30种,汉江库区54种.广布多肢轮虫(Polyarthra vulgaris)、螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)、长圆疣毛轮虫(Synchaeta oblonga)、等刺异尾轮虫(Tri-chocerca similes)、冠饰异尾轮虫(Trichocerca lophoessa)、裂痕龟纹轮虫(Anuraeopsis fissa)为主要优势种类.丹江口水库轮虫年平均密度和生物量季节变化特征为:冬季春季夏季秋季;区域变化特征为:丹江库区取水口汉江库区五青入库区.相关分析表明,水体透明度、叶绿素a、总磷、溶解性氮和溶解氧浓度与轮虫密度和生物量呈显著的相关关系.夏季对优势轮虫密度变化有显著贡献的环境因子为SiO2-Si和溶解氧含量,秋季为溶解氧和pH,冬季为叶绿素a、溶解氧和DIN,春季为DIN. 相似文献
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热带浅水湖泊后生浮游动物群落以轮虫和小型枝角类为主,往往缺乏大型浮游动物,其影响因子还存在争议,因此通过减少鱼类,提高大型后生浮游动物密度,从而增强对浮游植物的下行控制、修复热带富营养化湖泊的方法受到质疑.暨大南湖位于广州暨南大学校园内,是热带富营养化浅水湖泊,于2014年1—2月实施以鱼类去除和水生植被重建为主的生态系统修复工程,以期改善水质.通过对南湖修复前后水质、后生浮游动物以及修复后鱼类群落的调查分析,研究了后生浮游动物群落对修复的响应.结果表明:与修复前相比,总氮、总磷和叶绿素a浓度显著降低,透明度显著上升.枝角类丰度和生物量显著增加,修复后初期出现较高密度的大型枝角类蚤状溞(Daphnia pulex),桡足类丰度和生物量没有显著变化,轮虫丰度下降而生物量上升;后生浮游动物体长和生物多样性显著增加.随着鱼类密度的增加,蚤状溞丰度快速降低,后期鱼类减少后蚤状溞丰度又有所升高.因此,本研究显示鱼类是控制热带浅水湖泊大型浮游动物种群的主要因素,由于控制鱼类密度以维持较高大型浮游动物密度较为困难,因此单纯生物操纵在热带浅水湖泊修复中难以取得显著效果. 相似文献
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惠州西湖浮游动物及其与水质的关系 总被引：15，自引：6，他引：9
通过对惠州西湖五个子湖的浮游动物情况进行调查,共检出浮游动物55种,其中轮虫38种,枝角类10种,桡足类7种,主要优势种为广生多肢轮虫（Polyarthra trigla）、长三肢轮虫（Filinia longiseta）、裂足臂尾轮虫（Brachionus diversicorn＆）、剪形臂尾轮虫（B.forficula）、角突臂尾轮虫（B.angularis）、萼花臂尾轮虫（B.calyciflorus）、前节晶囊轮虫（Asplanchna priodonta）、刺盖异尾轮虫（T.capucina）、微型裸腹潘（Moina micrura）、温中剑水蚤（Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides）等,多为富营养化指示种,各子湖浮游动物检出丰度处于147.3到726.1 ind／L之间,其中轮虫丰度占据优势,浮游动物趋向小型化,结合浮游动物丰度与水质指标进行相关分析结果表明,浮游动物的分布情况与水体水质特征关系密切。 相似文献
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异尾轮虫是热带亚热带地区轮虫的重要优势类群.为了解其在水库中的分布模式和潜在影响因素,于2013-2014年对广东流溪河水库河流区、过渡区及湖泊区的异尾轮虫群落及环境因子进行逐月调查.2年共采集到异尾轮虫11种,其中对棘异尾轮虫(Trichocerca similis)、圆筒异尾轮虫(T.cylindrica)、暗小异尾轮虫(T.pusilla)和刺盖异尾轮虫(T.capucina)为优势种,主要出现在丰水期,具有明显的季节分布模式.2013-2014年河流区、过渡区和湖泊区异尾轮虫丰度平均值分别为142.9、102.5和53.6 ind./L,3个水域的异尾轮虫总丰度在夏季(5-9月)较高.从水库上游到下游,异尾轮属的物种丰富度和Simpson多样性指数呈现递减趋势,体现了群落对环境的分区和稳定性变化的响应.群落丰度组成的主成分分析表明,主要优势种的丰度全年分布差异较大,而多数种类全年分布差异小.冗余分析表明,叶绿素a浓度、晶囊轮虫丰度、水温+磷酸盐浓度分别为影响河流区、过渡区和湖泊区异尾轮虫群落结构的关键变量,而降雨则是影响整个库区异尾轮虫群落结构的潜在变量. 相似文献
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Crustacean zooplankton distribution patterns and their biomass as related to trophic indicators of 29 shallow subtropical lakes 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A comparative limnological study was carried out to present a snapshot of crustacean zooplankton communities and their relations to environmental factors to test whether there is a consistent relationship between crustacean biomass and trophic indicators among lake groups with similar trophic conditions. The study lakes showed a wide range of trophic status, with total phosphorus (TP) ranging from 0.008 to 1.448 mg L−1, and chlorophyll a from 0.7 to 146.1 μg L−1, respectively. About 38 species of Crustacea were found, of which Cladocera were represented by 25 taxa (20 genera), and Copepoda by 13 taxa (11 genera). The most common and dominant species were Bosmina coregoni, Moina micrura, Diaphanosoma brachyurum, Cyclops vicinus, Thermocyclops taihokuensis, Mesocyclops notius and Sinocalanus dorrii. Daphnia was rare in abundance. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that except for four species (D. hyalina, S. dorrii, C. vicinus and M. micrura), almost all the dominant species had the same preference for environmental factors. Temperature, predatory cyclopoids and planktivorous fishes seem to be the key factors determining species distribution. TP was a relatively better trophic indicator than chlorophyll a to predict crustacean biomass. Within the three groups of lakes, however, there was no consistent relationship between crustacean biomass and trophic indicators. The possible reason might be that top-down and bottom-up control on crustaceans vary with lake trophic state. The lack of significant negative correlation between crustacean biomass and chlorophyll a suggests that there was little control of phytoplankton biomass by macrozooplankton in these shallow subtropical lakes. 相似文献
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福建山美水库浮游动物群落结构时空特征及其影响因子分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
山美水库既是福建省泉州市饮用水源地,也肩负着为台湾省金门县供水的功能,但春夏季过高的pH值影响了水库水质.为此,从2020年起,调整水库鱼类放养结构和捕捞策略,并研究鱼类群落调控后山美水库浮游动物群落结构的响应及其与环境因子的关系.本研究于2020年和2021年连续两年的1月（冬季）、4月（春季）、7月（夏季）、10月（秋季）调查山美水库21个采样点的浮游动物群落结构和水环境因子.结果共鉴定出浮游动物68属102种,其中轮虫21属41种（40.20%）,原生动物32属41种（40.20%）,枝角类8属13种（12.75%）,桡足类7属7种（6.86%）.2020—2021年山美水库浮游动物平均密度为（1443.05±360.02） ind./L,平均生物量为（1.21±0.27） mg/L,2021年浮游动物密度和生物量显著高于2020年,其中,2021年枝角类和桡足类的密度分别显著高于2020年枝角类和桡足类的密度,2021年库首、库中和库尾区域枝角类生物量显著高于2020年对应区域;2021年桡足类生物量显著高于2020年.春冬季浮游动物群落的优势种主要为原生动物,夏秋季浮游动物群落的优势种主要为轮虫.根据浮游动物密度和生物量评价水体营养状态,夏季山美水库处于中营养状态,春、秋和冬季处于贫营养状态.影响浮游动物群落结构分布的主要环境因子为电导率、水温、溶解氧、硝态氮、透明度和高锰酸盐指数.研究表明调整鱼类放养和捕捞措施提高了浮游动物密度和生物量,基于此提出了通过调整鱼类群落结构改变浮游动物群落结构,进而改善水环境的建议,可为湖泊水库水环境保护和水生生物资源高效利用提供科学依据. 相似文献
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Trophic cascade hypotheses predict that fish will affect the structure and biomass of pelagic plankton communities. In order to investigate trophic cascade effects from fish down to phytoplankton, whole-lake studies were performed in five hypertrophic (mean total phosphorus (TP) concentrations higher than 1000 mg m−3) shallow lakes located in the Pampa Plain. The main climatic characteristic of this region is the alternation between periods of drought and flood, with corresponding changes of lake depth and conductivity of lake water. All lakes were studied from April to December 2000. Samples were taken of their physical and chemical characteristics and biotic communities, focusing on the zooplankton community. Fish were manipulated in four lakes (Capurro, Longinotti, Vedia 1, Vedia 2), while the fifth (Lake Vedia 3) was left undisturbed as a reference system. High abundance of planktivorous minnows (Jenynsia multidentata and Cheirodon interruptus) dominated the fish community in the reference lake. In the manipulated lakes, fish stocks were largely reduced in late autumn (May). During winter, Capurro, Longinotti and Vedia 1 were stocked with a visual planktivore, the pampean silverside (Odontesthes bonariensis, Atherinidae). Fish stocking was 24, 33 and 19 kg ha−1, respectively. In contrast, no fish were stocked in Lake Vedia 2. Following fish removal, large Daphnia appeared in these lakes and grazed intensively on the phytoplankton. In contrast, no Daphnia were found in the reference lake (Vedia 3). The stocking of O. bonariensis in lakes Capurro, Longinotti and Vedia 1 led to a decrease in the percentage of large cladocerans and a rise in the phytoplankton biomass:TP ratio. Moreover, the lakes mentioned were stocked with different quantities of silversides over different periods of time. These differences were reflected temporarily in the plankton dynamics, affecting mainly larger sized zooplankton. Nevertheless, the presence of Daphnia was short lived in the lake where fish had been removed and no O. bonariensis were stocked. Competition for resources and recruitment of remaining fish probably caused a collapse in the zooplankton biomass. Our results support the idea that fish predation on zooplankton and its effect on phytoplankton is very intense in small pampean lakes. Fish removal was short lived, however. This could be because in small pampean lakes fish recolonization is favored, and minnows are highly prolific. Moreover, if manipulation of the trophic structure of lakes is undertaken in the pampean region, high nutrient loading from the watershed, climate and hydrology should also be taken into account. 相似文献
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Lake Hayq, a highland lake in Ethiopia, was stocked with Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) in late 1970s, offering an opportunity to study the effect of fish predation in a natural lake. Since 1930s, some limnological surveys have been done sporadically documenting a change in zooplankton composition including the disappearance of cladocerans, hypothesizing the stocked planktivorous fish could be a cause. Nevertheless, no detailed research was conducted to identify potential effects of fish stocking predominantly due to its remote location. The article presents data about zooplankton composition, abundance and biomass done between October 2007 and January 2009 on short-time intervals including the underlying limnological variables. The zooplankton community was depauperate comprising two copepods, three cladocerans, and six rotifers taxa, as typical for tropical lakes. Total mean standing biomass of all crustacean zooplankton was 237 mg dry mass m−3, which gave Lake Hayq an intermediate position when compared with other tropical lakes. Of copepods, Thermocyclops ethiopiensis was almost an exclusive species, and its temporal variation was influenced by food supply and water temperature. We refute the hypothesis that Tilapia was the cause for the seasonal disappearance of cladocerans, and attribute it to the adverse effect of episodic mixing. Nevertheless, the planktivorous fish probably plays a key role in structuring the cladocerans in particular the large-sized Daphnia magna. In January 2008, we observed a massive planktivorous fish mortality that triggered high algal biomass, which was later grazed by large-sized D. magna demonstrating the trophic cascade hypothesis in a natural ecosystem. 相似文献
16.
Persaud A. D. Dillon P. J. Molot L. A. Hargan K. E. 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2012,74(1):203-212
Animal body size is a driving force behind trophic interactions within biological communities, yet few studies have explored
relationships between body size and trophic position (based on δ15N) at a broad-scale in freshwater lakes. Therefore, our goals were to (1) determine whether body size is a good predictor
of trophic position for multiple pelagic zooplankton taxa and fish communities, and (2) examine how body size-trophic position
relationships at the community level compare to species level for fish. Zooplankton and fish were collected from 12 and 7
lakes, respectively, located in the Kawarthas, southern Ontario, Canada. The results indicated that for zooplankton, significant
positive but different relationships were found between body size and trophic position for cladocerans, in general, and Daphnia, but not Holopedium. For fish, at the lake community level six out of seven relationships were positive and significant, but again, different
among lakes. In contrast, at the species level only three of eight species-specific relationships were significant. Furthermore,
for two widespread species, Perca flavescens and Micropterus dolomieu, significant differences were found between community- and lake-specific species relationships. Our community-level models
and most species-level models provide evidence that trophic interactions in freshwater lakes are size-based. These results
demonstrate that general species models should be applied with caution when using body size to predict trophic position. Additionally,
the predictive power of some relationships found here is questionable since, albeit significant, their strengths are generally
low. Together, our results suggest that body size may have limited use in predicting trophic position of some biota in temperate
freshwater lakes. 相似文献
17.
This study showed first results on the geographical distribution of mixotrophic ciliates of the genus Stentor in the Chilean North Patagonian Lake District. Thirteen deep North Patagonian lakes were sampled during 2004 and 2005, and important ecological parameters as nutrients, light climate, chlorophyll a and all plankton groups were analysed. The data were evaluated using correlation, cluster and discriminant function analyses.In four of 13 lakes, Stentor was an important constituent of the plankton community and contributed significantly to the total zooplankton biomass. It coinhabited lakes with calanoid copepods (Boeckella, Tumeodiaptomus) and small cladocerans (Eubosmina, Ceriodaphnia). Stentor was negatively correlated with cyclopoid copepods and large cladocerans. Cyclopoid copepods were a very good predictor to discriminate between lakes with and without Stentor. It is suggested that cyclopoid copepods have top-down impact on Stentor. 相似文献
18.
Zooplankton response to the lake restoration in the drinking-water source in Meiliang Bay of subtropical eutrophic Lake Taihu, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A 3-year ecological engineering project was carried out from 2003 to 2005 in the drinking water source in Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, China. The project area was divided into three zones: Zone C (outside the area), Zone B (pelagic part within the area) and Zone A (littoral part within the area). The community composition, density and biomass of zooplankton were studied as a part in the lake restoration study. Also, the abundance, biomass and composition of fish in the engineering area were annually analyzed in the littoral zone (Zone A). The average density of cladocerans decreased from the outer part to the inner part of the lake, i.e., from Zone C to Zone A, while the average density of copepod did not significantly vary among the 3 zones. The average densities of rotifer and ciliate increased from Zone C to Zone A. RDA analysis indicated that Microcystis biomass more impacted the zooplankton compositions after temperature. In Zone A, many planktivorous fishes, e.g., Coilia nasus, Hemiculter leucisculus, Pseudorasbora parva, dominated the fish community, which caused a marked decrease in the abundance of cladocerans, especially large-sized cladoceran Daphnia galeata and Daphnia obtusa. Our results suggested that both fish predation and other environmental factors such as the Microcystis bloom greatly affected the zooplankton community during the restoration of subtropical eutrophic lakes. 相似文献