共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 412 毫秒
1.
预条件共轭梯度反褶积方法是结合稀疏反褶积的实现,运用优化的预条件共轭梯度法,完成反射系数的反演。用该方法处理地震资料时可提高资料频率,展宽有效频率宽度。但由于地震信号具有时变性,因此本文将该反褶积过程中的子波用多尺度时变子波代替。由数值算例可以看出,该方法可取得较好的实用效果。 相似文献
2.
《地球物理学进展》2015,(6)
反褶积是叠前地震数据处理中的重要环节,反褶积效果的好坏很大程度上依赖于地震子波的准确性.早期的反褶积处理大多数都是基于Robinson提出的平稳褶积模型,即地震子波是时不变的,但实际上由于地下介质的吸收衰减作用,地震子波是随时间不断变化的,这说明要进一步改善反褶积,使用时变的地震子波是必要的,因此本文提出了一种从地震资料中直接提取时变子波的方法.具体地,首先对单道地震数据做S变换求出其时频谱,进而得到其时变振幅谱,然后利用谱模拟技术从求得的地震记录振幅谱中拟合出每一时刻的子波振幅谱,在子波是零相位假设的前提下,拟合出的时变子波振幅谱即是所求频率域的时变子波,本文最后利用正演的单道地震记录和实际资料分别验证了所求频率域时变子波的准确性. 相似文献
3.
基于二阶谱及多阶微分融合的频谱拓展方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《地球物理学进展》2016,(5)
受地下介质吸收衰减及环境噪声的影响,地震反射波的频率主要集中在中低频,且频带较窄,信噪比较低.反褶积方法是解决此类问题的重要手段,而谱模拟反褶积方法因克服了传统反褶积的假设条件"反射系数为白噪声"而备受推崇,但子波振幅谱无法准确获取的缺陷限制了其应用.为此,在传统的谱模拟反褶积方法基础上进行改进,提出了一种基于二阶谱及多阶微分融合的频谱拓展方法.微分算子在频率域具有单调递增的线性特征,可提高信号的高频成分并压制低频成分,即具有分频属性,且反映频率的高低与微分阶数成正比.以期望子波振幅谱为约束条件,对不同阶微分信号的振幅谱进行融合,可获得精确的宽频地震资料,避免传统谱模拟反褶积方法在求取子波振幅谱过程中存在的误差.经过对薄互层模型及实际地震记录的试算,获得了比传统方法更好的效果,证明本文方法对提高地震资料分辨率比传统谱模拟反褶积方法更加有效. 相似文献
4.
5.
针对玛湖斜坡区三块三维地震资料和赛汉塔拉凹陷二块三维地震资料连片处理中的特点，结合地质任务和处理目标要求，提出了地震数据连片处理中的地震子波处理的方法.该方法主要体现了两次反褶积，一次是采用地表一致性反褶积，将不同震源的频带拓宽到一个标准上；再一次采用相位校正反褶积，将不同震源的数据校正到相同相位上.为了保证提取的相位校正反褶积算子稳定，采用叠后地震道提取（主要考虑到叠后地震道信噪比高，算子稳定性强），然后将该算子应用到叠前地震道，进行相位校正. 相似文献
6.
气枪震源资料反褶积方法及处理流程研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
不同工作条件下气枪震源产生的信号会存在细微差异,反褶积方法能在一定程度上消除由震源变化引起的记录信号变化。为了去除气枪震源子波信号,获取气枪源到台站之间的格林函数,通常需要选取一种恰当的方法对地震波形数据进行反褶积处理。频率域水准反褶积和时间域迭代反褶积是在接收函数等领域已被广泛使用的2种反褶积方法。本文以云南宾川主动源资料为例,对比了利用这2种方法处理气枪震源信号的效果,结果表明,在计算效率方面,频率域水准反褶积方法更具优势;在处理结果的信噪比方面,时间域迭代反褶积方法表现更好,P波初至也更清晰。此外,进一步讨论了在多炮资料的处理过程中反褶积和叠加等操作的顺序问题,最后提出了从气枪震源资料中提取气枪源到台站之间的格林函数的一般流程。 相似文献
7.
柯西约束盲反褶积技术在井间地震的应用 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
利用地面三维地震资料将二维井间地震资料推广到井间范围以外。对于提高井间地震的效益,加快其应用十分重要．为了将井间地震二维资料推广到井外三维,需要从地面地震低频信息提取层位、断面的几何信息,反褶积方法是重要的部分．本文给出了盲源反褶积方法的一种具体实现。并结合优化的预条件共轭梯度法以改善算法的稳定性,同时减少计算量．然后对经过高频恢复的地面地震数据与井间地震数据进行联合约束反演,有效地提高了地面地震的频带．并用实际资料的处理给予证实． 相似文献
8.
地表一致性反褶积在地震勘探中的应用及效果 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
地震资料的反褶积处理是通过改造地震激发子波,进而消除地震激发子波在传播过程中所受的虚反射、层间多次反射和大地滤波等影响的一种地震勘探资料处理方法.反褶积的方法很多,如:脉冲反褶积、预测反褶积、地表一致性反褶积.它们之间主要区别之一在于对地震子波的假设和估计地震子波的方法.所以在处理过程中应根据不同的区域资料特征采取不同的反褶积方法.本文以河南省某煤预查区地震勘探为实例,着重总结和比较地表一致性反褶积技术在地震资料处理中的应用效果.应用研究表明,适当选择时窗和自相关步长进行自相关分析,地表一致性反褶积能够展宽频谱,压缩地震子波,并能校正地震信号的相位谱,输出零相位子波,可以较大程度地提高地震资料的分辨率,提高勘探能力. 相似文献
9.
气枪震源资料反褶积方法及处理流程研究 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
气枪震源具有极高的可重复性,可用于地下介质变化的监测。但不同工作条件下气枪震源产生的信号会存在细微差异,反褶积方法能在一定程度上消除由震源变化引起的记录信号变化。为了去除气枪震源子波信号,获取气枪源到台站之间的格林函数,通常需要选取一种恰当的方法对地震波形数据进行反褶积处理。频率域水准反褶积和时间域迭代反褶积是在接收函数等领域已被广泛使用的2种反褶积方法。本文以云南宾川主动源资料为例,对比了利用这2种方法处理气枪震源资料的效果,结果表明：在计算效率方面,频率域水准反褶积方法更具优势;在处理结果的信噪比方面,时间域迭代反褶积方法表现更好,P波初至也更清晰。此外,进一步讨论了在多炮资料的处理过程中反褶积和叠加等操作的顺序问题,最后提出了从气枪震源资料中提取气枪源到台站之间的格林函数的一般流程。 相似文献
10.
高信噪比地震资料是高精度储层预测的基础,而地震噪声的消除存在于地震资料处理的各个环节中,但这些中间成果未加以充分利用而造成人力及财力的浪费是必须考虑的实际问题。针对这一问题,利用物理意义明确的频率域估算地震资料信噪比方法对地震数据进行计算,采用改进的频谱法计算信噪比,并优选信噪比计算的关键参数,以及给出信噪比数据体的实现过程。经实际资料中的应用发现:地震解释标准层段信噪比总体较高;断裂发育区信噪比数值低。而这些断裂发育区域只有通过构造分析进行推断,而不能在地震剖面上直接识别。信噪比的应用为地震标准层及断裂的检测提供了一个新的方法,它包含了与地层及断裂有关的信息。该方法在构造变化识别、断层及裂缝检测方面取得了成果。 相似文献
11.
Using synthetic data, it is demonstrated that the amplitude spectra of post-critical plane-wave components are stable and equal to the amplitude spectrum of the input wavelet (critical reflection theorem). Our analysis and physical explanation of the theorem are based only on amplitude versus offset arguments. The stability of the spectra in the post-critical region is directly related to a high amplitude post-critical reflection that dominates the trace in the slant-stack domain. The validity of the theorem for both the acoustic and elastic cases, its assumptions and limitations, are also examined with emphasis on applications for processing seismic reflection data. Based on the theorem, a deterministic procedure is developed (assuming minimum-phase properties) for wavelet estimation and subsequent deconvolution. We call this method Post-critical Deconvolution, which emphasizes reliance on post-critical reflection data. The performance of the method is shown with real data and the results are compared to those obtained with conventional deconvolution techniques. 相似文献
12.
Automatic Interpretation of Magnetic Data Using Euler Deconvolution with Nonlinear Background 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pawan Dewangan T. Ramprasad M. V. Ramana M. Desa B. Shailaja 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(11):2359-2372
The voluminous gravity and magnetic data sets demand automatic interpretation techniques like Naudy, Euler and Werner deconvolution.
Of these techniques, the Euler deconvolution has become a popular choice because the method assumes no particular geological
model. However, the conventional approach to solving Euler equation requires tentative values of the structural index preventing
it from being fully automatic and assumes a constant background that can be easily violated if the singular points are close
to each other. We propose a possible solution to these problems by simultaneously estimating the source location, depth and
structural index assuming nonlinear background. The Euler equation is solved in a nonlinear fashion using the optimization
technique like conjugate gradient. This technique is applied to a published synthetic data set where the magnetic anomalies
were modeled for a complex assemblage of simple magnetic bodies. The results for close by singular points are superior to
those obtained by assuming linear background. We also applied the technique to a magnetic data set collected along the western
continental margin of India. The results are in agreement with the regional magnetic interpretation and the bathymetric expressions. 相似文献
13.
The amplitude spectrum of ground penetrating radar (GPR) reflection data acquired with a particular antenna set is normally concentrated over a spectral bandwidth of a single octave, limiting the resolving power of the GPR wavelet. Where variously-sized GPR targets are located at numerous depths in the ground, it is often necessary to acquire several profiles of GPR data using antennas of different nominal frequencies. The most complete understanding of the subsurface is obtained when those frequency-limited radargrams are jointly interpreted, since each frequency yields a particular response to subsurface reflectivity. The application of deconvolution to GPR data could improve image quality, but is often hindered by limited spectral bandwidth.We present multiple-frequency compositing as a means of combining data from several frequency-limited datasets and improving the spectral bandwidth of the GPR profile. A multiple-frequency composite is built by summing together a number of spatially-coincident radargrams, each acquired with antennae of different centre frequency. The goal of the compositing process is therefore to produce a composite radargram with balanced contributions from frequency-limited radargrams and obtain a composite wavelet that has properties approximating a delta function (i.e. short in duration and having a broad, uniform spectral bandwidth).A synthetic investigation of the compositing process was performed using Berlage wavelets as proxies for GPR source pulses. This investigation suggests that a balanced, broad bandwidth, effective source pulse is obtained by a compositing process that equalises the spectral maxima of frequency-limited wavelets prior to summation into the composite. The compositing of real GPR data was examined using a set of 225, 450 and 900 MHz GPR common offset profiles acquired at a site on the Waterloo Moraine in Ontario, Canada. The most successful compositing strategy involved derivation of scaling factors from a time-variant least squares analysis of the amplitude spectra of each frequency-limited dataset. Contributions to the composite from each nominal acquisition frequency are clear, and the trace averaged amplitude spectrum of the corresponding composite is broadened uniformly over a bandwidth approaching two-octaves. Improvements to wavelet resolution are clear when a composite radargram is treated with a spiking deconvolution algorithm. Such improvement suggests that multiple-frequency compositing is a useful imaging tool, and a promising foundation for improving deconvolution of GPR data. 相似文献
14.
HFE在提高地震数据分辨率中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提高地震数据分辨率是地震勘探中获得高质量数据的关键,而分辨率与信噪比的相互制约关系是高分辨率处理的根本问题。本文基于反褶积的基本原理,采用压缩子波的方法,对原始地震数据进行高频拓展法(High Frequency Expanding,HFE)处理。通过测试子波压缩参数,分析研究可选参数对地震资料分辨率和保真度的影响,确定最佳处理参数,并应用于实际地震资料处理中。应用结果表明,HFE处理后的地震资料,其品质得到了明显的改善,处理后的剖面弱反射带层间细节反射更为丰富,横向变化清晰,频带变宽,分辨率得到了很大提高。 相似文献
15.
We propose a three‐step bandwidth enhancing wavelet deconvolution process, combining linear inverse filtering and non‐linear reflectivity construction based on a sparseness assumption. The first step is conventional Wiener deconvolution. The second step consists of further spectral whitening outside the spectral bandwidth of the residual wavelet after Wiener deconvolution, i.e., the wavelet resulting from application of the Wiener deconvolution filter to the original wavelet, which usually is not a perfect spike due to band limitations of the original wavelet. We specifically propose a zero‐phase filtered sparse‐spike deconvolution as the second step to recover the reflectivity dominantly outside of the bandwidth of the residual wavelet after Wiener deconvolution. The filter applied to the sparse‐spike deconvolution result is proportional to the deviation of the amplitude spectrum of the residual wavelet from unity, i.e., it is of higher amplitude; the closer the amplitude spectrum of the residual wavelet is to zero, but of very low amplitude, the closer it is to unity. The third step consists of summation of the data from the two first steps, basically adding gradually the contribution from the sparse‐spike deconvolution result at those frequencies at which the residual wavelet after Wiener deconvolution has small amplitudes. We propose to call this technique “sparsity‐enhanced wavelet deconvolution”. We demonstrate the technique on real data with the deconvolution of the (normal‐incidence) source side sea‐surface ghost of marine towed streamer data. We also present the extension of the proposed technique to time‐varying wavelet deconvolution. 相似文献
16.
In this paper, regionalP-wave upper mantle structure is investigated using slant-stack velocity analysis of short-period earthquake data recorded at station MAJO (Matsushiro, Japan). Shallow earthquakes from 1980–1986 within 35° of MAJO are used to construct a common receiver gather. Processing of the wavefield data includes focal depth and static time corrections, as well as deterministic deconvolution, in order to equalize pulse shapes and align wavelets on the first arrivals. The processed wavefield data are slant stacked and interatively downward continued to obtain a regional upper mantle velocity model. The model includes a low velocity zone between 107 and 220 km. Beneath the LVZ, the velocity increases smoothly down to the discontinuity at 401 km. In the transition zone, the velocity model again increases linearly, although there is some suggestion of further complexity in the downward continued wavefield data. At the base of the transition zone, a second velocity discontinuity occurs at 660 km, with a linear velocity gradient below. In addition to slant-stack analysis, travel times and synthetic seismograms are computed and compared with the processed and unprocessed wavefield data. 相似文献
17.
Emin U. Ulugergerli 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2011,73(2):130-138
A method is presented for the two-dimensional combined inversion of short- and long-normal tool direct current resistivity data with symmetry. The forward problem is solved using the finite element method in the cylindrical coordinates system. The inverse problem is solved using a conjugate gradient technique with the partial derivatives obtained using reciprocity. The parameters were obtained by means of both conjugate gradient relaxation and conventional conjugate gradient method. The solution of this highly underdetermined inverse problem is stabilized using Tikhonov regularization and the scheme yields a blurred image of the subsurface. The scheme is tested using synthetic data and field data. Tests using synthetic data suggest that traces of the horizontal boundaries are delineated in the range of the exploration distance while the resolution of vertical boundaries depends upon the solution regularization. Application to field data shows that additional information is necessary for resolving the resistivity structure when there are low resistivity contrasts between formation units. 相似文献
18.
Least squares reverse-time migration (LSRTM) is an inversion method that removes artificial images and preserves the amplitude of reflectivity sections. LSRTM has been used in reservoir exploration and processing of 4D seismic data. LSRTM is, however, a computationally costly and memory-intensive method. In this study, LSRTM in the pseudodepth domain was combined with the conjugate gradient method to reduce the computational cost while maintaining precision. The velocity field in the depth domain was transformed to the velocity field in the pseudodepth domain; thus, the total number of vertical sampling points was reduced and oversampling was avoided. Synthetic and field data were used to validate the proposed method. LSRTM in the pseudodepth domain in conjunction with the conjugate gradient method shows potential in treating field data. 相似文献