共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
1.
中国大陆强震灾害范围的统计研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
强震的灾害范围是非常重要的地震学参数,它在地震灾害快速评估,地震保险及防震减灾等方面有着广泛的应用。本文全面,系统地收集了中国大陆宏观等震线资料,对没有地理坐标的等震线进行了数字化。精确计算了从１３０３年至１９９４年共１８３次强震的灾害范围,并对误差因素进行了分析。 相似文献
2.
Yan Rui ) Huang Fuqiong ) Chen Yong ) ) China Earthquake Networks Center Beijing China) Institute of Earthquake Science Beijing China) Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake Administration Beijing China 《中国地震研究》2007,21(4)
Wavelet decomposition is used to analyze barometric fluctuation and earth tidal response in borehole water level changes. We apply wavelet analysis method to the decomposition of barometric fluctuation and earth tidal response into several temporal series in different frequency ranges. Barometric and tidal coefficients in different frequency ranges are computed with least squares method to remove barometric and tidal response. Comparing this method with general linear regression analysis method, we find wavelet analysis method can efficiently remove barometric and earth tidal response in borehole water level. Wavelet analysis method is based on wave theory and vibration theories. It not only considers the frequency characteristic of the observed data but also the temporal characteristic, and it can get barometric and tidal coefficients in different frequency ranges. This method has definite physical meaning. 相似文献
3.
Wavelet decomposition is used to analyze barometric fluctuation and earth tidal response in borehole water level changes. We apply wavelet analysis method to the decomposition of barometric fluctuation and earth tidal response into several temporal series in different frequency ranges. Barometric and tidal coefficients in different frequency ranges are computed with least squares method to remove barometric and tidal response. Comparing this method with general linear regression analysis method, we find wavelet analysis method can efficiently remove barometric and earth tidal response in borehole water level. Wavelet analysis method is based on wave theory and vibration theories. It not only considers the frequency characteristic of the observed data but also the temporal characteristic, and it can get barometric and tidal coefficients in different frequency ranges. This method has definite physical meaning. 相似文献
4.
地震形变分布特征主要取决于地震断层破裂特征, 不同震级的地震引起的形变响应范围存在差异。 本文中, 我们基于球体位错理论, 以5 mm的形变测量值为基准, 针对逆冲型和走滑型地震断层, 分析了MW6.0~MW8.5地震在跨断层法方向上的形变响应范围, 提出了地震震级和响应范围的经验公式, 并与实际地震(2001年昆仑山口西地震、 2013年芦山地震等)结果进行了比较。 比较结果显示, 经验公式计算结果和实际观测值相符合, 可以用于估算MW6.0~MW8.5地震在跨断层法方向的形变响应范围, 同时为地震远场形变特征分析与同震、 震后形变测量点布设等方面提供参考数据。 相似文献
5.
Alireza Garakaninezhad Morteza Bastami Mohammad Reza Soghrat 《Journal of Seismology》2017,21(6):1505-1516
The evaluation of seismic risk of spatially distributed systems requires the spatial correlation model for ground motion intensity measures. This study investigates the spatial correlation of four earthquakes recorded in northern Iran. The intra-event spatial correlation for both horizontal and vertical components of spectral acceleration at eight periods in the range of 0.0–3.0 s is estimated using geostatistical tools. An exponential form is chosen to fit experimental semivariograms, and the correlation ranges of spectral accelerations as a function of period are derived. The results show similar trend of correlation ranges for both components. It should be mentioned that the ranges for the vertical component, in general, are higher than those observed for the horizontal one. For both components, the correlation ranges as a function of period are divided into three segments. The first and the third one are increasing while the second one is decreasing with increasing period. 相似文献
6.
利用中国数字地震台网30个台站的高质量宽频带远震数据,采用H-k叠加搜索法对中国境内的地壳结构进行研究,获得了研究区内的地壳厚度和vP/vS分布特征.结果表明, 中国境内的vP/vS值介于1.6—1.9之间,地壳厚度变化剧烈,在29—81 km之间.100°—110°E之间存在一个地壳厚度陡变带, 将中国分为东西两个部分.东部地壳厚度相对均匀,为31—36 km, 西部地区地壳厚度相对较厚且变化较大,中部地区地壳厚度为34—49 km.总的看来,青藏高原地区地壳最厚,可达81 km;天山、准噶尔盆地和内蒙古地区地壳厚度次之;华南地区地壳最薄.另外,中国大陆地壳平均波速比为1.738(σ=0.253),比全球大陆平均波速比1.78(σ=0.269)低.较低的波速比可能暗示中国境内地壳低速层的存在或者铁镁质成分的缺失. 相似文献
7.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》1999,61(7):531-537
The ozone winter maximum at high latitudes in the northern hemisphere is not evenly distributed along the longitudes. This is mainly due to the upper air circulation, both horizontally and vertically. In addition it is also strongly influenced by the largest mountain ranges. During the last two decades the air circulation in the North Atlantic has intensified. This has led to ascending motion in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere, which in turn has resulted in a reduced total ozone column in Northwest Europe.The large mounter ranges in Asia are initiating standing waves, with descending motions in the atmosphere behind the mountains. The descending motion leads to adiabatic warming of the lower stratosphere and the upper troposphere. Ozone-rich air is transported downwards to lower levels and stored there, where the ozone is less affected by heterogeneous chemical destruction. 相似文献
8.
9.
Incoherent scatter radars measure ionosphere parameters using modified Thomson scatter from free electrons in the target (see e.g. Hagfors, 1997). The integrated cross section of the ionospheric scatterers is extremely small and the measurements can easily be disturbed by signals returned by unwanted targets. Ground clutter signals, entering via the antenna side lobes, can render measurements at the nearest target ranges totally impossible. The EISCAT Svalbard Radar (ESR), which started measurements in 1996, suffers from severe ground clutter and the ionosphere cannot be measured in any simple manner at ranges less than about 120–150 km, depending on the modulation employed. If the target and clutter signals have different, and clearly identifiable, properties then, in principle, there are always ways to eliminate the clutter. In incoherent scatter measurements, differences in the coherence times of the wanted and unwanted signals can be used for clutter cancellation. The clutter cancellation must be applied to all modulations, usually alternating codes in modern experiments, used for shorter ranges. Excellent results have been obtained at the ESR using a simple pulse-to-pulse clutter subtraction method, but there are also other possibilities. 相似文献
10.
Microseismic noise was studied in the frequency range 0.5–30 Hz in the conditions prevailing in the town of Vorkuta. A seismic
noise model was developed consisting of power spectral densities of ground motion velocity separately for daytime and nighttime
in different frequency ranges. The absolute noise level for frequencies of 1–5 Hz in Vorkuta varies between −140 and −150
dB in daytime and from −152 to −158 dB in nighttime, with the ranges for the 8-15 Hz noise being −140 to −155 dB in daytime
and −155 to −165 dB in nighttime. Well-pronounced daily variations in noise amplitude were observed in the frequency ranges
1.5–3 Hz and 14–17 Hz. The noise amplitude varies by 7 dB over 24 hours, with the amplitude of horizontal component variation
being 5 dB above that of the vertical component. The power spectral densities of ground motion velocity in the microseismic
noise involve several spectral peaks, whose central frequencies did not vary by more than 0.15 Hz during the entire period
of instrumental observation. The seismic background in the town of Vorkuta contains seismic events due to distant earthquakes
and local industrial explosions. 相似文献
11.
12.
小波分析在井水位的气压和潮汐改正中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文将小波分析方法应用于地下水位观测资料的气压和潮汐改正中。该方法利用小波将气压观测和理论重力固体潮资料分解为不同频段的时间序列,用最小二乘法求出气压和固体潮不同频段的响应系数,以消除气压和固体潮对水位的影响。用该方法计算的结果与一般线形回归分析方法得到的结果进行对比,发现该方法能更有效地分析和消除气压和固体潮对地下水位的影响。小波分解在井水位气压、潮汐改正中的应用以波动理论和振动理论为基础,它不仅考虑了观测资料的频率域特性,而且还能直接在时间域内计算出不同频率范围的气压系数和潮汐系数,具有明确的物理意义。 相似文献
13.
14.
本文以2008年汶川MS8.0地震的烈度数据为基础,采用简化纽马克法对四川省青川县不同岩组的岩土体强度参数组合所对应的滑坡位移进行计算得到滑坡危险性等级图,并以计算得到的预测滑坡区与实际调查的滑坡数据的吻合度作为评价标准,对研究区内岩土体强度参数进行分析。分析结果表明,研究区大部分区域岩组的岩土体强度参数的合理取值区间与 《工程岩体分级标准GB 50218—94》 建议的参数取值范围基本一致,而本文在此基础上所确定的取值结果,在一定程度上可以提高地震滑坡危险性评估的精度。 相似文献
15.
甲烷(CH4)是一种重要的温室气体,对全球气候变化有不可忽视的影响.三峡水库是中国最大的水库,其潜在的CH4释放近年来备受关注.然而,此地区现存研究主要集中于水气界面通量观测,对库底沉积物同底层水体CH4浓度变化之间关系的认知仍然欠缺.为探究三峡水库泥沙主要沉降淤积的中段区域库底水体CH4浓度变化及其主要影响因素,本研究于2017年8月2018年11月在涪陵南沱镇、忠县石宝寨、万州小周镇采集库底上覆水体和底泥样本,并结合三峡水库调度运行特征进行分析.结果表明,三峡水库中段库底上覆水CH4浓度范围为0.02~0.91μmol/L,二氧化碳(CO 2)浓度范围为0.006~0.105 mmol/L,沉积物有机碳含量范围为7~90 g/kg,总氮含量范围为0.27~45.6 g/kg.另外,三峡水库低水位运行时期(59月),上游及陆源输入大量异源性有机碳是该时期三峡库中段底部CH4积累的充分条件.在水库高水位运行时期(10月次年4月),水位与径流变化对三峡水库中段底部CH4的影响并不明显,库底自源性有机质相对比重有所增加,温度是该时期影响水库底层水体CH4浓度分布的主要水环境因素. 相似文献
16.
Electromagnetic anomalies associated with 1995 Kobe earthquake 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
T. Nagao Y. Enomoto Y. Fujinawa M. Hata M. Hayakawa Q. Huang J. Izutsu Y. Kushida K. Maeda K. Oike S. Uyeda T. Yoshino 《Journal of Geodynamics》2002,33(4-5)
Occurrences of anomalous electro-magnetic phenomena at varied frequency ranges, covering ELF to VHF, have been reported in relation to the 17 January 1995 Kobe earthquake (M7.2), by several independent research groups. Prominent pre-seismic peaks, which could have been emitted from the focal area, were observed on 9-10 January in ELF, VLF, LF and HF ranges. Whether these changes were truly related to the earthquake is not certain, because atmospheric (thunderbolt discharge) activities also peaked on 9-10 January. The nomalous changes were markedly enhanced toward the catastrophe in agreement with many reports on unusual radio/TV noise. Anomalous transmission of man-made electromagnetic waves in VLF and VHF ranges was also detected from a few days before the earthquake, indicating the possibility that the ionosphere above the focal zone was disturbed at the final stage of the earthquake preparation process. 相似文献
17.
An analytical transient solution is obtained for propagation of compressional waves in a homogeneous porous dissipative medium. The solution, based on a generalization of Biot's poroelastic equations, holds for the low- and high-frequency ranges, and includes viscoelastic phenomena of a very general nature, besides the Biot relaxation mechanism. The viscodynamic operator is used to model the dynamic behaviour associated with the relative motion of the fluid in the pores at all frequency ranges. Viscoelasticity is introduced through the standard linear solid which allows the modelling of a general relaxation spectrum. The solution is used to study the influence of the material properties, such as bulk moduli, porosity, viscosity, permeability and intrinsic attenuation, on the kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the two compressional waves supported by the medium. We also obtain snapshots of the static mode arising from the diffusive behaviour of the slow wave at low frequencies. 相似文献
18.
Comparison of seismicity declustering methods using a probabilistic measure of clustering 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Abdelhak Talbi Kazuyoshi Nanjo Kenji Satake Jiancang Zhuang Mohamed Hamdache 《Journal of Seismology》2013,17(3):1041-1061
We present a new measure of earthquake clustering and explore its use for comparing the performance of three different declustering methods. The advantage of this new clustering measure over existing techniques is that it can be used for non-Poissonian background seismicity and, in particular, to compare the results of declustering algorithms where different background models are used. We use our approach to study inter-event times between successive earthquakes using earthquake catalog data from Japan and southern California. A measure of the extent of clustering is introduced by comparing the inter-event time distributions of the background seismicity to that of the whole observed seismicity. Theoretical aspects of the clustering measure are then discussed with respect to the Poissonian and Weibull models for the background inter-event time distribution. In the case of a Poissonian background, the obtained clustering measure shows a decrease followed by an increase, defining a V-shaped trend, which can be explained by the presence of short- and long-range correlation in the inter-event time series. Three previously proposed declustering methods (i.e., the methods of Gardner and Knopoff, Reasenberg, and Zhuang et al.) are used to obtain an approximation of the residual “background” inter-event time distribution in order to apply our clustering measure to real seismicity. The clustering measure is then estimated for different values of magnitude cutoffs and time periods, taking into account the completeness of each catalog. Plots of the clustering measure are presented as clustering attenuation curves (CACs), showing how the correlation decreases when inter-event times increase. The CACs demonstrate strong clustering at short inter-event time ranges and weak clustering at long time ranges. When the algorithm of Gardner and Knopoff is used, the CACs show strong correlation with a weak background at the short inter-event time ranges. The fit of the CACs using the Poissonian background model is successful at short and intermediate inter-event time ranges, but deviates at long ranges. The observed deviation shows that the residual catalog obtained after declustering remains non-Poissonian at long time ranges. The apparent background fraction can be estimated directly from the CAC fit. The CACs using the algorithms of Reasenberg and Zhuang et al. show a relatively similar behavior, with a time correlation decreasing more rapidly than the CACs of Gardner and Knopoff for shorter time ranges. This study offers a novel approach for the study of different types of clustering produced as a result of various hypotheses used to account for different backgrounds. 相似文献
19.
Seasonal and spatial heterogeneity of recent sea surface temperature trends in the Caribbean Sea and southeast Gulf of Mexico 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Chollett I Müller-Karger FE Heron SF Skirving W Mumby PJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(5):956-965
Recent changes in ocean temperature have impacted marine ecosystem function globally. Nevertheless, the responses have depended upon the rate of change of temperature and the season when the changes occur, which are spatially variable. A rigorous statistical analysis of sea surface temperature observations over 25 years was used to examine spatial variability in overall and seasonal temperature trends within the wider Caribbean. The basin has experienced high spatial variability in rates of change of temperature. Most of the warming has been due to increases in summer rather than winter temperatures. However, warming was faster in winter in the Loop Current area and the south-eastern Caribbean, where the annual temperature ranges have contracted. Waters off Florida, Cuba and the Bahamas had a tendency towards cooling in winter, increasing the amplitude of annual temperature ranges. These detailed patterns can be used to elucidate ecological responses to climatic change in the region. 相似文献