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1.
云南断层形变强震异常特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用1983～2009年云南地区跨断层短水准短基线观测资料,研究了该时段3组7次M≥6.5地震(澜沧—耿马M7.6、M7.2,孟连M7.3、武定M6.5、丽江M7.0,姚安M6.5、缅北M7.0)的形变前兆特征。以断层运动速率与基准值之比定义异常参数R,定量分析了异常与本区域强震的关系,提出强震预测指标。结果表明,R值出现异常后0.5～16个月,川滇菱块内发生M≥6.5或菱块外围400km范围内发生M≥7.0,并表现出不同的异常特征。菱块外强震前比菱块内强震前R值异常出现时间早,异常持续时间较长;菱块外强震前R为正值异常,菱块内强震前R为负值异常。研究结果对预测云南地区M≥6.5强震有一定的应用价值。 相似文献
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排除降雨干扰后的地下水位异常与强震预报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取云南地区受年度降水影响显著的10口地下水位观测井，对观测井所处地区年降雨量及次年水位谷值变化进行分析，提取了水位年异常特征。发现出现异常年份的异常台项比与次年的M≥6和M≥7地震有较好对应关系。1987年以来，出现异常台项比≥0．5的年份有7年，对应云南及邻区次年M≥7地震4次，对应率为57％；异常台项比≥0．4的年份有10年，对应次年M≥6地震9次，对应率90％。用此方法可以对云南的年度最大地震活动水平和地震强度进行预测估计。 相似文献
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跨断层异常的识别和提取是震情跟踪分析的难点，协调比的计算在兼顾震前断层活动状态内在机理的同时，在异常识别方面也有显著优势，但传统的协调比计算存在因计算起点不同导致结果不一致的问题。通过提出扰动协调比计算方法，用于表征强震发生前可能出现的区域应力场扰动导致断层运动状态偏离背景的现象，分析断层运动状态变化与地震之间的内部联系。以云南地区11处跨断层资料为例，针对川滇地区M≥6.5强震样本开展了震例总结和综合预测指标的提取，通过等信度和非等信度异常识别方式，合成多个预测指标。结果表明：扰动协调比计算方法在跨断层场地异常活动状态的提取中有一定优势，与周边强震存在较好的相关性，对于强震可能发生时间可提供中期尺度的判定依据，预测指标均通过了效能检验。 相似文献
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断层活动协调比方法在分析云南地区的地壳应变积累上具有适用性。利用区域11处跨断层流动监测场地的三十余年观测资料,首先计算跨断层场地的三维活动量,进而得出场地的断层活动协调比参数,结果显示:(1)丽江、永胜、剑川、石屏、建水场地在对应6~7级地震上,历史映震效果良好;云南地区近期存在异常的跨断层监测场地有剑川、石屏和建水场地,存在应变积累、断层活动出现异常的断裂有剑川断裂和石屏-建水断裂;(2)结合跨断层原始观测数据和三维活动量时序曲线,综合认为云南地区地壳形变异常区域分布在滇西北地区的剑川、下关和永胜以及滇中地区的峨山、石屏和建水附近;(3)结合地震活动性资料,综合认为四川九寨沟7.0级地震后,南北地震带南段应力可能会加速积累,应重点关注云南地区的中强震危险性。 相似文献
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探索由跨断层短水准短基线资料提取断层形变异常参数R值,并借助时空动态演化图像的方法,分析处理云南地区1997～2003年跨断层短水准短基线资料,通过对该区域Ms≥6．0级强震震例的定量分析,提取大姚6．2和6．1级地震断层形变异常特征。结果表明,R值出现异常后的1—20个月内,该区域发生Ms≥6级强震概率较高,R值对预测该区域Ms≥6．0级强震具有一定的应用价值。 相似文献
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磁暴K指数与云南地区中强震相关性统计分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用云南通海地磁台K≥6的磁暴数据,对云南省内M≥5．0地震发震时间关系进行统计分析发现：K≥7的大磁暴对云南省M≥5．0地震触发作用显著,且不同强度的磁暴对地震的触发作用有差异,磁暴强度增加,触发作用也增大。这一分析结果对云南地区5级以上地震发生时间的预测有一定的意义、 相似文献
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云南近期M≥5级地震前的地磁短临异常 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
云南近期发生的一系列中强震前1个多月内，大多数地磁曲线都有较明显的加速上升或加速下降过程，笔用这些异常对其中的几次地震作了一定程度的预测。通过对这些地磁短临异常的分析，认为在云南M≥5级地震前，多台项地磁会出现准同步异常；在成组地震连发的过程中，地磁对后续地震的预测尤为有用，通常是第1个地震发生后，异常明显恢复，在下次地震发生前再次出现新异常，且异常可以多台同时、多次出现；地磁对时间预报的贡献较大，但在地点判断上相对困难，预报时地点必须参考其它预测项目。 相似文献
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2014年云南鲁甸M_S6.5地震异常及预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过分析2014年云南鲁甸MS6.5地震前震情跟踪过程中的显著异常,认为云南境内M≥6.5地震的长时间平静、M≥6地震的丛集活动以及M≥3地震月频次高值是震前云南地区地震活动异常的显著特征;滇东北地区M≥5地震活动的韵律特征、2008年后3、4级地震活动显著增强以及2014年以来滇东北地区的高水位异常是判定滇东北地区存在M≥6地震的主要依据。在多个地震同时孕育的过程中,对判定哪个危险区先发震是困难的,但每次地震都有新的前兆异常出现,为成组地震连发过程中,新地震的识别提供了依据。云南地区3级地震月频次异常和前兆突变异常增多是鲁甸MS6.5地震短期阶段最显著的异常特征。 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
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Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
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K.-G. Malle 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(4):196-204
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters. 相似文献