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1.
向量式有限元是以向量力学为基础的一种新的结构分析方法,在处理结构大变形等复杂行为时具有较大的优势。基于向量式有限元理论建立了黏滞阻尼单元,对附加黏滞阻尼器的平面钢框架结构进行了抗竖向连续倒塌动力分析,结合拆除构件法,采用MATLAB编制可以考虑初始变形的瞬时卸载法程序,实现结构在构件拆除前的静力分析和构件拆除后动力分析的全过程统一。研究了阻尼器布置位置和参数在结构抗竖向连续倒塌中的性能需求,以失效点竖向位移时程曲线、梁端转角、动力放大系数和结构塑性铰分布为参考指标,对比分析布置阻尼器前后钢框架结构的抗连续倒塌能力。结果表明向量式有限元是一种研究结构竖向连续倒塌动力响应的有效方法,合理布置阻尼器能够有效控制剩余结构的变形和振动,降低构件内力,减少塑性铰个数,较大地提高结构的抗竖向连续倒塌能力。 相似文献
2.
竖向不规则框架结构连续性倒塌分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
国内外学者利用非线性静力方法进行结构倒塌分析时,研究对象主要集中在规则的结构形式,而针对大量出现的造型独特的竖向不规则建筑的倒塌研究还相对较少。本文基于拆除构件法,利用SAP2000结构有限元软件,对竖向不规则多层框架结构进行了基于非线性静力Pushdown方法的抗连续性倒塌研究。分别研究了拆除同一结构中不同部位构件、不同层数塔楼结构中相同部位构件后剩余结构的承载力变化情况,研究结果表明：拆除竖向承重柱后的剩余结构承载力,随着上部塔楼层数的增加以及拆柱位置的上升而出现不同程度的降低;加强裙楼顶部水平向承重构件,可以使塔楼底部构件破坏后的剩余结构更好地发挥悬链线机制,并防止剩余结构发生无明显征兆的连续性倒塌。 相似文献
3.
为了探究上部钢结构-下部混凝土结构这类竖向刚度不同的混合结构抗连续倒塌机制,利用拆除构件法,应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA对初始失效后的剩余结构进行非线性静力(Pushdown方法)分析,研究其剩余结构的倒塌破坏模式、荷载变形关系,以及初始失效柱位置的不同和钢框架层数对结构抗连续倒塌性能的影响。结果表明:剩余结构的倒塌破坏模式带有典型的延性变形特征,且在倒塌过程中出现位移和应力分布不连续现象;除边柱失效后剩余结构的倒塌过程仅经历了梁机制外,其余剩余结构的倒塌过程均经历了梁机制、压拱机制和悬链线机制;剩余结构的竖向承载力与初始失效柱高度呈负相关,与钢框架层数呈正相关;为剩余结构提供足够的侧向约束作用以及提高结构冗余度和备用荷载路径数量,可以有效提高剩余结构的抗连续倒塌能力。 相似文献
4.
为研究钢管混凝土框架-核心筒混合结构在局部构件失效后的连续倒塌机制,基于ABAQUS纤维梁单元和分层壳单元,采用课题组开发的材料本构子程序iFiberLUT,进行了一栋33层钢管混凝土框架-核心筒混合结构在1、17、33层柱和核心筒墙体失效工况下的连续倒塌非线性动力分析,研究了典型柱和剪力墙失效后剩余结构的抗连续倒塌机制。结果表明:33层构件失效时上部节点位移反应最大,17层次之,1层最小,相比核心筒墙体失效,柱失效时上部节点竖向位移更大,震荡更明显;各工况作用对核心筒影响均较小,且核心筒的存在增强了楼板的薄膜效应,提高了结构抗倒塌能力,失效位置距核心筒越近提高越显著;典型构件失效后结构的传力路径遵循"就近原则"向周围构件传递,楼板和核心筒有力的提高了结构的冗余传递路径和整体性。 相似文献
5.
地震及爆炸荷载下的结构连续倒塌问题对人民的生命财产造成重大威胁,是土木工程领域研究的一个热门方向。为了提高新型预应力空心楼板结构的整体性,防止由于竖向支承构件的失效形成楼板的局部或者连续倒塌,对2块新型预应力空心板足尺模型进行四分点静力加载试验,研究新型预制装配式两跨连续楼板的抗连续倒塌能力。试件均由预应力空心短板通过板端伸出U形筋和胡子筋进行对接连接,板侧纵向拼缝通过胡子筋和植筋与边梁的纵筋进行连接,2个试件的计算跨度相同。本文采用在加载过程中突然拆除中间支座,得到楼板破坏形态、裂缝发展、承载能力、应变、最大变形等试验结果。对试件的受力过程、悬索作用机理进行分析,最后得到楼盖拼缝及板侧边梁连接构造的布置合理,新型预制装配式楼盖采用合适的周边连系和横向拼缝连接可以达到理想的抗倒塌能力。 相似文献
6.
为研究基础隔震结构抗连续倒塌性能,以备用荷载路径法为基础,采用静力非线性Pushdown方法和静力线性方法对一栋典型的收进式竖向不规则钢筋混凝土基础隔震结构进行分析,从备用荷载路径的抗连续倒塌机制和需求能力比两个角度研究竖向不规则钢筋混凝土基础隔震结构的抗连续倒塌性能,为基础隔震结构抗连续倒塌设计提供参考;为进一步研究结构布置形式不规则性以及裙楼和塔楼层数变化对竖向不规则基础隔震抗连续倒塌性能的影响,分别建立塔楼布置不同、裙楼与塔楼层数变化的模型进行对比研究。研究表明:除角柱失效工况自身无法产生悬链线机制外,其余底层框架柱失效工况中备用荷载路径在整个推覆倒塌过程中均表现出明显的悬链线机制;当隔震支座失效时,由于隔震层水平刚度小,相邻支座无法提供足够的侧向约束作用而难以形成明显的悬链线机制;增加结构冗余度和备用荷载路径中参与荷载传递的构件数量可以有效提高剩余结构抗连续倒塌能力;除角柱和角支座外,隔震支座失效工况DCR值普遍大于对应位置底层框架柱失效工况,备用荷载路径中某些构件的失效风险相对较大。 相似文献
7.
板柱结构节约结构空间是一种常用建筑结构形式，通常也被认为是抗震薄弱体系，我国GB 50011—2010《建筑抗震设计规范》对板柱结构使用范围以及适用高度作了严格限定，与国外规范相比较，我国结构规范对板柱结构有细致严格的构造要求。结合北京8度区某17层带边框高层板柱-剪力墙结构的实际工程，通过ETABS有限元程序对结构进行多遇地震作用分析，重点研究了楼板应力分布。采用SAUSG有限元程序补充罕遇地震下有限元非线性分析，研究了墙柱损伤情况与主要构件性能。应用SAP2000程序采用拆除构件法，分析了板柱结构抗连续倒塌能力。研究结果表明，在满足规范规定构造措施前提下，带边框板柱-剪力墙结构具有较好的承载能力、良好的抗震性能和抗连续倒塌能力，可以达到8度抗震设防烈度区高层建筑安全性能要求。 相似文献
8.
为研究不同形式的中心支撑对钢管混凝土结构抗连续倒塌性能的影响,基于纤维梁模型建立5种钢管混凝土框架-中心支撑结构数值模型,在合理选取钢材和混凝土材料本构模型的基础上,计算不同失效工况下结构的抗连续倒塌非线性动力响应,通过非线性静力加载获得结构的整体刚度和极限承载力。研究结果表明：设置中心支撑均可以提高结构的整体刚度和抗倒塌承载能力,其中对边柱失效工况的提升效果好于中柱失效工况;设置中心支撑提供了新的荷载传递路径,可以有效减小失效柱相邻构件的分配内力;X型支撑在不同失效工况下都能显著提升框架刚度和承载能力,降低失效节点的竖向位移,反斜支撑框架表现出更好的延性和极限承载能力,研究结果可为建筑结构抗连续倒塌设计提供参考。 相似文献
9.
基于增量动力分析(IDA)的倒塌易损性分析方法是评估建筑结构抗地震倒塌能力的精细方法,但分析过程比较繁杂且非常费时。为了较快地评估建筑结构的抗地震倒塌能力,首先利用静力非线性(pushover)分析,获得结构倒塌能力的初步估计值aS*,然后将每个地面运动记录调整到aS*,对结构进行动力时程分析,记录结构的动力时程反应,利用IDA的思想得到结构的中值数倒塌谱强度?CTS。该方法与传统的增量动力分析方法相比较,可提高计算效率,计算精度也满足要求。 相似文献
10.
《地震工程与工程振动》2020,(4)
震害表明结构反应修正系数的子项冗余度系数取为1,过高地估计了结构通过备用荷载路径进行内力重分布的抗竖向连续倒塌能力。本文拟分别采用静力Pushdown和动力竖向IDA方法对根据《建筑抗震设计规范》GB50011-2010(2016版)设计的RC框架进行分析,采用损伤强度比DSR作为冗余度系数,并根据倒塌临界值,判定结构在设计荷载作用下是否具有足够的抗倒塌能力。分析结果表明,按VII、VIII度设防设计的结构,冗余度系数均大于1,结构在设计荷载作用下不会发生连续倒塌,但是按VI度设防设计的低层结构冗余度系数小于1,在设计荷载作用下结构会发生连续倒塌。针对VI度设防设计的结构,采用实际的冗余度系数最小值0.69,对结构反应修正系数值进行修正,修正后的数值为2.02。实现在结构地震影响系数曲线中考虑抗连续倒塌能力的影响,修正后的地震影响系数为现行抗震规范中相应取值的1.45倍,提高了结构设计地震力,防止结构发生连续倒塌。 相似文献
11.
多层钢框架连续倒塌动力效应分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为研究多层钢框架连续倒塌由于初始破坏引起的动力效应,本文采用集中塑性铰杆模型,以需求能力比(DCR)为参数,利用瞬时加载法对一榀多层平面钢框架和一个多层空间钢框架进行了弹塑性动力反应分析。分析结果表明:随着DCR的增大,各柱列沿竖向动力放大效应基本不变;当DCR≤0.5时,随着DCR的增大,各柱列动力放大效应基本不变,且一般情况下含失效构件的柱列动力放大效应最显著;当DCR>0.5时,含失效构件的柱列动力放大效应随着DCR的增大而增大,其余柱列动力放大效应随着DCR的增大而减小或基本不变。 相似文献
12.
A modified force analogy method (MFAM) is developed to simulate the nonlinear inelastic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Beam–column elements with three different plastic mechanisms are utilized to simulate inelastic response caused by moment and shear force. A multi‐linear hysteretic model is implemented to simulate the nonlinear inelastic response of RC member. The P‐Δ effect of the structure is also addressed in MFAM. Static and dynamic inelastic response of structure, damage condition and failure type for structural element, structural limit state and collapse time can also be simulated using MFAM. Compared with the general algorithm, the MFAM provides less computational time especially in the case of large structural system. It is also easier to be written as computer program. Three test data groups, which include cyclic loading test data of a non‐ductile RC bridge column, a two‐storey RC frame, and dynamic collapse test data of a non‐ductile RC portal frame, are selected to confirm the effectiveness of applying MFAM to simulate the inelastic behaviour of structures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
Near‐collapse response of existing RC building under severe pulse‐type ground motion using hybrid simulation 
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下载免费PDF全文 Column shear‐axial failure is a complex response, which lends itself to physical experimentation. Reinforced concrete structures built prior to the mid‐1970s are particularly susceptible to such failure. Shear‐axial column failure has been examined and studied at the element level, but current rehabilitation practice equates such a column failure with structural collapse, neglecting the collapse resistance of the full structural system following column failure. This system‐level response can prevent a column failure from leading to progressive collapse of the entire structure. In this study, a hybrid simulation was conducted on a representative pre‐1970s reinforced concrete frame structure under severe seismic ground motion, in which three full‐scale reinforced concrete columns were tested at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign. The analytical portion of the model was represented in the computer program OpenSees. Failure occurred in multiple physical specimens as a result of the ground motion, and the hybrid nature of the test allowed for observation of the system‐level response of the tested columns and the remaining structural system. The behavior of the system accounting for multiple column shear‐axial failure is discussed and characterized. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
An efficient component model has been developed that captures strength and stiffness deterioration of steel hollow structural section (HSS) columns. The proposed model consists of two fiber-based segments at a member's ends along with an elastic segment in between. The fibers exhibit nonlinear uniaxial stress–strain behavior, which is explicitly defined by uniaxial monotonic tensile and cyclic round coupon tests. The postbuckling behavior of an HSS column is traced through a proposed uniaxial effective stress–strain constitutive formulation, which includes a softening branch in compression and an energy-based deterioration rule to trace the influence of cyclic deterioration in the inelastic cyclic straining. These may be inferred by uniaxial stub-column tests. The component model captures the coupling between the column axial force and flexural demands. Consistent model parameters for a number of steel materials used in the steel construction in North America and Japan are proposed along with the associated model calibration process. The efficiency of the proposed model in predicting the hysteretic behavior of HSS columns is demonstrated by comparisons with physical steel column tests subjected to various loading histories, including representative ones of ratcheting prior to earthquake-induced collapse. The proposed model is implemented in an open-source finite element software for nonlinear response history analysis of frame structures. The effectiveness of the proposed model in simulating dynamic instability of steel frame buildings is demonstrated through nonlinear response simulations of a four-story steel frame building, which was tested at full-scale through collapse. Limitations as well as suggestions for future work are discussed. 相似文献
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T. Esposti Ongaro A. Neri G. Menconi M. de'Michieli Vitturi P. Marianelli C. Cavazzoni G. Erbacci P.J. Baxter 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008
Numerical simulations of column collapse and pyroclastic density current (PDC) scenarios at Vesuvius were carried out using a transient 3D flow model based on multiphase transport laws. The model describes the dynamics of the collapse as well as the effects of the 3D topography of the volcano on PDC propagation. Source conditions refer to a medium-scale sub-Plinian event and consider a pressure-balanced jet. Simulation results provide new insights into the complex dynamics of these phenomena. In particular: 1) column collapse can be characterized by different regimes, from incipient collapse to partial or nearly total collapse, thus confirming the possibility of a transitional field of behaviour of the column characterized by the contemporaneous and/or intermittent occurrence of ash fallout and PDCs; 2) the collapse regime can be characterized by its fraction of eruptive mass reaching the ground and generating PDCs; 3) within the range of the investigated source conditions, the propagation and hazard potential of PDCs appear to be directly correlated with the flow-rate of the mass collapsing to the ground, rather than to the collapse height of the column (this finding is in contrast with predictions based on the energy-line concept, which simply correlates the PDC runout and kinetic energy with the collapse height of the column); 4) first-order values of hazard variables associated with PDCs (i.e., dynamic pressure, temperature, airborne ash concentration) can be derived from simulation results, thereby providing initial estimates for the quantification of damage scenarios; 5) for scenarios assuming a location of the central vent coinciding with that of the present Gran Cono, Mount Somma significantly influences the propagation of PDCs, largely reducing their propagation in the northern sector, and diverting mass toward the west and southeast, accentuating runouts and hazard variables for these sectors; 6) the 2D modelling approximation can force an artificial radial propagation of the PDCs since it ignores azimuthal flows produced by real topographies that therefore need to be simulated in fully 3D conditions. 相似文献
17.
A. Braconi O. S. Bursi G. Fabbrocino W. Salvatore F. Taucer R. Tremblay 《地震工程与结构动力学》2008,37(14):1635-1655
This paper presents the results of a multi‐level pseudo‐dynamic seismic test program that was performed to assess the performance of a full‐scale three‐bay, two‐storey steel–concrete composite moment‐resisting frame built with partially encased composite columns and partial‐strength beam‐to‐column joints. The system was designed to develop a ductile response in the joint components of beam‐to‐column joints including flexural yielding of beam end plates and shear yielding of the column web panel zone. The ground motion producing the damageability limit state interstorey drift caused minor damage while the ultimate limit state ground motion level entailed column web panel yielding, connection yielding and plastic hinging at the column base connections. The earthquake level chosen to approach the collapse limit state induced more damage and was accompanied by further column web panel yielding, connection yielding and inelastic phenomena at column base connections without local buckling. During the final quasi‐static cyclic test with stepwise increasing displacement–amplitudes up to an interstorey drift angle of 4.6%, the behaviour was ductile although cracking of beam‐to‐end‐plate welds was observed. Correlations with numerical simulations taking into account the inelastic cyclic response of beam‐to‐column and column base joints are also presented in the paper together. Inelastic static pushover and time history analysis procedures are used to estimate the structural behaviour and overstrength factors of the structural system under study. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
华北型煤田采场底板隐伏强导(含)水岩溶陷落柱突水以其隐蔽性强,突水速度快,水量大,破坏性强,危害严重的特点已成为影响煤矿安全生产的重大隐患.但是,受奥陶系灰岩承压水和采动应力耦合作用下的岩溶陷落柱突水机理、突水过程和突水力学规律的研究尚不够系统和完善.本文以陷落柱上覆岩层层状介质假设和剪切破坏理论方法为出发点,建立了不同水平截面形状类型的强导(含)水岩溶陷落柱突水力学模型,并确立了奥灰承压水与采动应力共同作用诱发强导(含)水陷落柱突水的临界条件,并提出了突水危险性系数对陷落柱突水危险性进行定性和定量的评价.理论推导和数值分析表明,奥灰承压水和采动应力耦合作用下的强导(含)水陷落柱突水与其水平截面形状、隔水层厚度、岩石物理性质有关.当采场环境确定后,陷落柱水平截面形状则是决定其突水的关键因素,而且陷落柱水平截面形状是圆形时最容易发生突水. 相似文献