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王家沟断层组断错了中更新世砾石台地及王家沟东岸的Ⅲ级阶地,地貌形迹非常清晰,地表变形现象主要表现为地震断层、断层陡坎和挤压鼓包等。根据不同地貌面上跨断层测量获得的一系列实测数据,得到王家沟Ⅲ级阶地上的地表陡坎高度为0.4～1.6m,最大变形带宽度为50m左右; 中更新世台地上的陡坎高度多为1.5～5.0m,最大变形带宽度为90m左右。利用探槽开挖揭露出的断层位置与地表强变形带测量剖面的叠加对比,初步确定王家沟断层组上、下盘之间变形宽度的比例为2:1左右,并由此讨论了王家沟断层组上、下盘的 "避让带"宽度问题。 相似文献
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塔尔湾断裂活动时代厘定及地貌陡坎成因分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
阿尔金断裂东段北侧发育了多条NW向断裂,塔尔湾断裂是其中规模最大的塔尔湾-登登山-池家刺窝断裂的西段。该断裂总体走向NW,长约10km,在卫星影像上为一笔直的线性陡坎,地貌上为高几十cm至5m的地形陡坎。陡坎倾向NE,组成陡坎的地层主要有早更新世砾岩和全新世风积砂土等。通过地形剖面测量得到,由全新世风积砂组成的地貌陡坎高5m左右,由早更新世砾岩组成的地貌陡坎高1m左右。垂直地貌陡坎开挖的探槽揭示出,塔尔湾断裂为SW倾的逆断层,表现为新近纪泥岩逆冲于早更新世砾岩之上,断距为0.5m左右。全新世风积砂及晚更新世戈壁砾石层覆盖于断层之上,没有被错断。断裂上盘为新近纪泥岩,富含地下水,因此植被较发育;由于植被的保护及固砂作用,风积砂不断堆积并保存下来,风积沙层逐渐增高。下盘除地表有几十cm厚的戈壁砾石层外,下部均为胶结坚硬的早更新世砾岩,不含地下水,植被不发育。全新世风积砂土只发育在塔尔湾断裂上盘,下盘没有全新世地层发育;早更新世砾岩上的地貌陡坎高度远远小于全新世风积砂土上地貌陡坎的高度。这些都表明由全新世风积砂组成的地貌陡坎不是断裂活动形成的,而是外动力作用造成的。因此,塔尔湾断裂是一条早中更新世逆断裂。 相似文献
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拉萨地区最主要的一条晚更新世活断层为那林拉卡断裂带,是走向NWW、倾向SSW、高陡倾角的左旋逆走滑断层,全长33km。通过对该断裂带的研究,发现其从晚更新世以来有明显的活动,并在地表保留了断错地貌现象。其中,在次角林西沟及谢村最为明显,断层错断河流、山脊、阶地等地质体,形成断头沟、断层陡坎等断错地貌,并且两处晚更新世以来的水平位错分别为54～87m和20～67m。通过对断裂带上4个探槽的研究,发现距今约7万年以来,沿那林拉卡断裂带可能发生了5次古地震事件,各次事件的大致发生年龄为距今68.53,54.40,<41.23,21.96,9.86ka,事件平均复发间隔为14.67ka。由于探槽有限,并且各探槽揭露出的地震事件有限,没有一个探槽能完全揭露5次事件,因此文中对一些事件上下限年龄的确定存在一定的不确定性 相似文献
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在大比例尺遥感影像解译的基础上,利用野外调查测量、探槽开挖及热释光测年的方法,对那拉提断裂进行了研究。那拉提断裂是一条晚第四纪以来仍有较强的活动大型逆冲左旋走滑断裂带,断裂带宽度巨大,由多条倾向不同的次级断裂组成,分布在南北宽数千米的范围内。断裂断错了那拉提山前晚第四纪以来的各级地貌面,主要表现为断层陡坎、冲沟水系和地貌面的左旋位移,根据实测陡坎高度及对应地貌面的定年,获得断裂所造成的南北向地壳缩短速率在0.7～1.0 mm/a左右,这表明天山内部同样存在明显的构造变形。 相似文献
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在北京西北约80公里的姚家营村北宽120米的晚更新世冲积扇上发育有11条陡坎,呈阶梯状陡坎带,坎高1.0—6.5米不等。为了准确确定延庆盆地北缘正断裂带地表断层迹线的位置,研究断裂带的近期习性,并区分构造作用和侵蚀作用成因的陡坎,我们在大比例尺地质填图和构造地貌特征测量的基础上,对其中的7条陡坎开挖了6个探槽。6个探槽总体呈345°方向,大致垂直于陡坎带。探槽长5—16米,宽1.2—1.5米,深1.5—5.5米。 岩性层单位 除基岩为燕山期花岗岩以外,探槽揭露的岩性层主要为断层崖崩积物、流水冲积物、和 相似文献
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《地震地质》2016,(3)
登登山-池家刺窝断裂位于阿尔金断裂东端宽滩山隆起的NE侧,总体走向NW,地貌上表现为醒目的断层陡坎;登登山段长约19km,池家刺窝段长约6.5km。通过卫星影像解译、探槽开挖、断错地貌测量及年龄样品测试等工作,研究了2条断裂的新活动特征。宽滩山NE麓普遍发育3级地貌面,即山前基岩侵蚀台面和冲沟I、Ⅱ级阶地。登登山断裂断错除I级阶地以外的其他地貌面,陡坎高度普遍在1.5m左右,最大高度2.6m。探槽揭露登登山断裂晚更新世以来有3次古地震事件,3次事件的总断距约2.7m,一次事件的垂直断距为0.5~1.2m,事件Ⅰ大约发生于距今5ka;事件Ⅱ大致发生于距今2×10~4a,事件Ⅲ大致发生于距今3.5×10~4a,重复间隔约1.5×10~4a,晚更新世以来的垂直滑动速率约为0.04mm/a。池家刺窝断裂断错了所有3级地貌面,陡坎最大高度为4m,一般在2m左右。探槽揭露池家刺窝断裂晚更新世以来也有3次古地震事件,3次事件的总断距约3.25m,1次事件的垂直位错为0.75~1.5m,晚更新世以来断裂垂直滑动速率为0.06mm/a。池家刺窝断裂古地震事件年代限定较差,但最新1次事件晚于登登山断裂,根据登登山断裂古地震事件的研究结果,推测池家刺窝断裂古地震重复间隔接近于登登山断裂的1.5×10~4a左右。池家刺窝断裂的最新活动时代晚于登登山断裂,1次事件的垂直位错及晚更新世以来的垂直滑动速率都比登登山断裂略大,2条断裂之间还有长约5km的不连续段,被第四纪冲洪积砂砾石层覆盖,地形平坦,断裂地貌特征不发育,这些都表明登登山断裂和池家刺窝断裂具有明显的分段活动特征。阿尔金断裂以北的登登山和池家刺窝断裂规模都不大,垂直滑动速率仅为0.04~0.06mm/a,远小于祁连山断裂及酒西盆地内NW向断裂的垂直滑动速率,反映出构造变形主要限制在高原内部及河西走廊地区,登登山和池家刺窝断裂以低滑动速率、古地震复发间隔很长(10~4a)的缓慢构造变形为特征。 相似文献
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汶川M_S8.0地震发震断裂大地震原地重复现象初析 总被引：37，自引：8，他引：29
在历史记录中,成都和龙门山地区没有发生过类似汶川MS8.0地震强度的地震。那么,在地质记录中是否会存在类似震级的古地震遗迹?作者分别在中央和前山断裂中段的地表破裂带上4个地点开挖了探槽4个和剖面1个,并进行了断错地貌面的实测。文中从几个地点新老地貌面累计变形量、探槽揭露的古地震遗迹等方面讨论汶川地震发震断裂大地震原地重复现象存在的基本事实。结果表明:无论在中央断裂的小鱼洞、擂鼓镇还是前山断裂的白鹿镇、汉旺等地,汶川5.12地震之后Ⅱ级阶地断层陡坎与Ⅰ级阶地陡坎高度基本呈倍数关系,探槽揭露Ⅱ级阶地标志地层(黄砂土层)在断裂两盘的位差也是5.12地震的约2倍,显示在龙门山地区区域Ⅱ级阶地形成之后,汶川5.12地震发生之前,存在一次与汶川MS8.0地震地表变形规模相当的地震事件 相似文献
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Located at the west of the Linfen basin, the Luoyunshan piedmont fault zone controls the western boundary of the basin. According to the measurements of the terraces in eight gullies along the Luoyunshan fault zone, five levels of terraces, namely T1～T5 have developed in these gullies. The heights of terraces T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 are about 3m, 8～10m, about 20m, about 30m and 40～50m, respectively. The dating data of the terraces and investigation of the faulted landforms show that the Luoyunshan fault zone has experienced much activity since the Late Quaternary. The uplift rate of the terraces was 0.41mm/a since the Middle-Late Pleistocene, and 0.75mm/a since the Holocene. The increasing trend of uplift rate of the terraces along the Luoyunshan fault zone from the Middle-Late Pleistocene to Holocene indicates the tendency of gradual tectonic uplift of the fault zone since the late Quaternary. This is in good agreement with the increasing trend of subsidence rate of the Linfen basin from the Late Pleistocene to Holocene. 相似文献
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Based on the 1︰50000 active fault geological mapping, combining with high-precision remote imaging, field geological investigation and dating technique, the paper investigates the stratum, topography and faulted landforms of the Huashan Piedmont Fault. Research shows that the Huashan Piedmont Fault can be divided into Lantian to Huaxian section (the west section), Huaxian to Huayin section (the middle section) and Huayin to Lingbao section (the east section) according to the respective different fault activity.
The fault in Lantian to Huaxian section is mainly contacted by loess and bedrock. Bedrock fault plane has already become unsmooth and mirror surfaces or striations can not be seen due to the erosion of running water and wind. 10~20m high fault scarps can be seen ahead of mountain in the north section near Mayu gully and Qiaoyu gully, and we can see Malan loess faulted profiles in some gully walls. In this section terraces are mainly composed of T1 and T2 which formed in the early stage of Holocene and late Pleistocene respectively. Field investigation shows that T1 is continuous and T2 is dislocated across the fault. These indicate that in this section the fault has been active in the late Pleistocene and its activity becomes weaker or no longer active after that.
In the section between Huaxian and Huayin, neotectonics is very obvious, fault triangular facets are clearly visible and fault scarps are in linear distribution. Terrace T1, T2 and T3 develop well on both sides of most gullies. Dating data shows that T1 forms in 2~3ka BP, T2 forms in 6~7ka BP, and T3 forms in 60~70ka BP. All terraces are faulted in this section, combing with average ages and scarp heights of terraces, we calculate the average vertical slip rates during the period of T3 to T2, T2 to T1 and since the formation of T1, which are 0.4mm/a, 1.1mm/a and 1.6mm/a, and among them, 1.1mm/a can roughly represent as the average vertical slip rate since the middle stage of Holocene. Fault has been active several times since the late period of late Pleistocene according to fault profiles, in addition, Tanyu west trench also reveals the dislocation of the culture layer of(0.31~0.27)a BP. 1~2m high scarps of floodplains which formed in(400~600)a BP can be seen at Shidiyu gully and Gouyu gully. In contrast with historical earthquake data, we consider that the faulted culture layer exposed by Tanyu west trench and the scarps of floodplains are the remains of Huanxian MS8½ earthquake.
The fault in Huayin to Lingbao section is also mainly contacted by loess and mountain bedrock. Malan loess faulted profiles can be seen at many river outlets of mountains. Terrace geomorphic feature is similar with that in the west section, T1 is covered by thin incompact Holocene sand loam, and T2 is covered by Malan loess. OSL dating shows that T2 formed in the early to middle stage of late Pleistocene. Field investigation shows that T1 is continuous and T2 is dislocated across the fault. These also indicate that in this section fault was active in the late Pleistocene and its activity becomes weaker or no longer active since Holocene.
According to this study combined with former researches, we incline to the view that the seismogenic structure of Huanxian MS8½ earthquake is the Huashan Piedmont Fault and the Northern Margin Fault of Weinan Loess, as for whether there are other faults or not awaits further study. 相似文献
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罗云山山前断裂带阶地调查研究及其构造意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
罗云山山前断裂带位于山西临汾盆地西侧,控制着盆地的西界.对罗云山山前断裂带8条冲沟的阶地测量资料的研究表明:该断裂带冲沟发育T1～T5五级阶地.T1 阶地拔沟3m左右,T2 阶地拔沟8～10m,T3 阶地拔沟20m左右,T4 阶地拔沟30m左右,T5 阶地拔沟40～50m.阶地测年数据及断错地貌调查表明:罗云山山前断裂带在晚第四纪以来有过多次活动.晚更新世中晚期以来阶地的抬升速率为0.41 mm/a,全新世以来抬升速率为0.75mm/a.罗云山山前断裂带冲沟阶地从晚更新世中晚期到全新世抬升速率有逐渐增大的趋势,反映该断裂带自晚第四纪以来构造抬升作用逐渐加强,这与临汾盆地从晚更新世晚期到全新世沉降速率也有增大的趋势比较一致. 相似文献
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Hexi Corridor is located at the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau. Series of late Quaternary active faults are developed in this area. Numerous strong earthquakes occurred in history and nowadays. Jinta Nanshan fault is one of the boundary faults between the Qinghai-Tibet block and the Alxa block. The fault starts from the northwest of Wutongdun in the west, passes through Changshan, Yuanyangchi reservoir, Dakouzi, and ends in the east of Hongdun.
Because the Jinta Nanshan fault is a new active fault in this region, it is important to ascertain its paleoearthquakes since late Pleistocene for the earthquake risk study. Previous studies were carried out on the western part, such as field geomorphic investigation and trench excavation, which shows strong activity in Holocene on the western segment of Jinta Nanshan fault. On the basis of the above research, in this paper, we carried out satellite image interpretation, detailed investigation of faulted landforms and differential GPS survey for the whole fault. Focusing on the middle-eastern part, we studied paleoearthquakes through trench exploration on the Holocene alluvial fan and optical luminescence dating.
The main results are as follows:Early Pleistocene to late Pleistocene alluvial strata are widely developed along the fault and Holocene sediment is only about tens of centimeters thick. The Jinta Nanshan fault shows long-lasting activity since late Quaternary and reveals tens of centimeters of the lowest scarp which illustrates new strong activity on the middle-east segment of this fault. Since late Pleistocene, 4 paleoearthquakes happened respectively before(15.16±1.29) ka, before(9.9±0.5) ka, about 6ka and after(3.5±0.4) ka, revealed by 4 trenches, of which 2 are laid on relatively thicker Holocene alluvial fan. Two events occurred since middle Holocene, and both ruptured the whole fault. 相似文献
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As a part of the north-south seismic zone in China, a lot of M6.0-7.2 earthquakes have occurred in the margin faults of the Minshan block in history. This work attempted to characterize the geometry and activity of the north section of the Minjiang fault in this region based on high-resolution satellite images, geologic and geomorphic investigations, micro-geomorphic surveys, and trench excavation. The results show left-lateral-slip and Holocene activity of this structure. Along it, the offset landform has a continuous linearity on Ⅱ terraces near the Chuanpan village. The vertical height of the fault scarp measures 3.1 meters, which is almost the same as the accumulative horizontal displacement of the gully. The accumulative horizontal shortening due to faulting is 3.0 meters. Calculation using the model of displacement-dependent characteristic earthquakes shows both the vertical and horizontal co-seismic displacements and the horizontal shortening amount are about 1.0 meter. While strata dating suggests that the vertical and horizontal slip rates are all about 0.7-0.9mm/a, and the horizontal shortening rate is approximately 1.0-1.1mm/a. The excavated trench, perpendicular to the fault trace, reveals low-angle thrust dipping in 260åt 29°. From the relationship of the fault, colluvial wedge and stratigraphy ages, three palaeoseismic events are identified from youngest to oldest at 0-295a BP, 1 405-1 565a BP, and 2 750-2 875a BP, respectively, with recurrence intervals 1 110-1 565 years and elapsed time about 0-295 years。According to the relationship between magnitude and active parameters, it is considered that the northern segment of the Minjiang fault is capable of generating M7 or greater earthquakes. Now it is in the process of stress accumulation, having a certain seismic risk. 相似文献
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元谋断裂有强烈、复杂和多阶段的新活动,表现西盘先断陷成湖,后回升成阶地,并在东盘水平挤压下时而顺扭、时而反扭,使阶地变形、错位、掀斜,并在湖积中形成轴向或走向与主干断裂成向南或向北锐角相交的新褶皱与断层,构成新“人”字形构造。 此带地处滇西南北带中段,灾害性地震危情不如南、北两端严重 相似文献
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The southeast section of Zhongdian-Daju Fault is located in the northern part of Haba and Yulong Snow Mountain, belonging to the southwestern boundary of the secondary block in northwestern Sichuan, an important boundary fault striking 310°~320° on the whole. The nature of the fault, the age of its activity and the slip rate are of great significance for the analysis of the secondary block movement in the northwestern Sichuan and the intersection relationship with the eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains.
Based on the 1 ︰ 5 million-scale active fault geological mapping, this paper studies in detail the stratigraphic landform, scarp landform, surface rupture, typical fault profile and river terrace along the fault. Based on the research results, we divide the southeastern section of Zhongdian-Daju Fault into two sub-segments, the Majiacun-Daju sub-segment and the Daju-Dadong sub-segment, according to the geometric structure, fault landforms and fault activity.
(1)Fault scarp:In the Majiacun-Daju sub-segment, the fault parallelly controls the two sides of the Haba fault depression. It cuts the late Pleistocene moraine deposits, forming a fault scarp of about 4.5km long and(14±2)m high. The continuity of the scarp is very good, and it is also very obvious in the remote sensing image. In the Daju-Dadong sub-segment, a scarp with a height of about 2m is formed, and an optical luminescence dating sample is collected from the upper part of the gravel layer on the second-order terrace to obtain an age of(22±2.2)ka.
(2)Horizontal dislocation:In the Majiacun-Daju sub-segment, through the analysis of the development of outwash fans in the area and the measurement and induction of the gully dislocations, it is considered that there are at least three stages of outwash fans developed in the area and there may be four phases of faulting. That is, the earliest-stage outwash fan and gully are horizontally dislocated about 1km; the second-stage outwash fan and gully are horizontally dislocated about 47m, and the vertical dislocation is about(14±2)m; the gully in the third stage outwash fan is horizontally dislocated twice, the first dislocation formed a beheaded gully with a dislocation of 22m, and the second formed a beheaded gully with a dislocation of 8.5m. It is further proved that the fault has strong activity since the Holocene in the Majiacun to Daju area. In the Daju-Dadong sub-segment, there are no obvious horizontal dislocations in the alluvial deposits since the Holocene. Only 3~4 gullies are found to be offset right-laterally in the ridges east of Wenhe Village, with the maximum dislocation of 210m, which may be the older phase dislocation.
(3)Surface rupture:In the northwest direction of Dabazi Village on the T3 terrace in the basin between Majiacun and Daju, an earthquake surface rupture zone is found, extending in the NW direction. The rupture zone left clear traces on the about 1m-thick, hard T3 terrace surface formed by calcification of sand gravels, and the overburden either upwarps and bulges, or ruptures, generates ground fissures, or forms small pull-apart "depressions" locally. However, the rupture zone is not large in size, about 350m long, 60m wide at the widest point, and 0.3~1.5m high. It is partially en-echelon or obliquely arranged, dominated by compressive ruptures. Through observation, the possibility of artificial transformation is ruled out for these upwarping bulges, ruptures or ground fissures. The fault section is found in the southeast direction of the rupture zone. The slickensides at the section show that the fault is dominated by right-lateral strike-slip with a small amount of thrust. In the eastern sub-segment, only intermittently distributed surface ruptures are found in the northern part of the village, and the scale is small.
In summary, through the field geological survey, it is found that the Majiacun-Daju sub-segment is a Holocene active segment. Though the Daju-Dadong sub-segment also offset the late Pleistocene to Holocene strata, it is considered that its Holocene activity is weak in terms of either the dislocation amount or the slip rate of this segment.
By analyzing the geological and geomorphological evidences, such as fault scarps, horizontal dislocation and surface ruptures along the fault, it is considered that the Majiacun-Daju sub-segment is a right-lateral strike-slip fault with a normal faulting component, and its vertical slip rate since the late Pleistocene is(0.4~0.8)mm/a, the horizontal slip rate is 1.5~2.4mm/a. The Daju-Dadong sub-segment is dominated by right-lateral strike-slip with a normal faulting component, and its vertical slip rate since the late Late Cenozoic is 0.1mm/a.
The formation of the NW-trending surface rupture zone found in the Daju Basin is very young, where there are only two major earthquakes, namely, the MS6.4 1966 Zhongdian earthquake and the 1996 Lijiang MS7.0 earthquake, and both earthquakes produced NW-oriented surface rupture zones. Therefore, it cannot be ruled out that the rupture zone is a product of the 1966 Zhongdian MS6.4 earthquake or the 1996 Lijiang MS7.0 earthquake. 相似文献
19.
秦岭北麓晚第四纪断层陡坎的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
根据航片解译和野外调查,发现在秦岭北麓第四纪松散沉积物中发育有断层陡坎,本文依据对这些陡坎的地质地貌分析、地形剖面测制、探槽揭露及测年数据,讨论了断层陡坎的空间分布和形态学特征、生成时代和断距,评估了秦岭北麓断裂在晚第四纪的活动强度。由断层陡坎高度经过校核获得断距变化范围在1.1至7.9米之间,由此求得秦岭北麓断裂中段全新世中晚期以来平均滑动速率接近1mm/a,西段在眉县一带为0.5mm/a左右。晚更新世以来,发生过3—4次古地震事件 相似文献