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本文利用IMAGE卫星EUV相机观测的等离子体层图像，并采用最小L算法反演磁赤道面等离子体层顶位置.文中选取了2000-2002年间的3579幅等离子体层图像，并反演得到了时间间隔为1 h的等离子体层顶位置数据库，包含48899个等离子体层顶位置数据.利用该数据库统计研究了等离子体层顶位形随地磁活动的变化特性.统计发现等离子体层顶高度依赖地磁活动，与地磁指数Kp、Dst和AE均呈负相关，且等离子体层顶随地磁指数的变化趋势具有显著的MLT分布特性；亚暴活动对等离子体层顶演化的贡献在不同地磁活动期间有所不同，磁暴期间亚暴活动的贡献小，而地磁平静期亚暴的贡献大.本文研究工作为后续建立等离子体层顶模型和了解等离子体层顶的动态结构提供了重要研究基础. 相似文献
2.
亚暴期间磁尾等离子体片离子注入内磁层能够激发电磁离子回旋(EMIC)波.对应于这种EMIC波,地面磁力仪可观测到周期逐渐减小的地磁脉动(IPDP).利用GOES卫星数据,地磁指数和加拿大CARISMA地磁台站的数据,我们研究了IPDP事件的产生与亚暴磁尾注入的关系.同时利用CARISMA地磁台链中的MCMU和MSTK两个台站,从2005年4月到2014年5月期间的观测数据,统计分析了亚暴期间的IPDP事件,研究了IPDP事件的出现率关于季节和磁地方时的分布特征.我们总共获得128个两个台站同时观测的IPDP事件.该类事件关于季节分布的发生率,冬季最小,为13.28%,春季最大,为32.81%,结果表明IPDP事件关于季节分布的发生率受到电离层电导率及亚暴发生率的影响.两个台站同时观测到的IPDP事件最大出现率出现在15—18 MLT(磁地方时),结果表明IPDP事件主要由亚暴期间产生的能量离子注入内磁层,西向漂移遇到等离子体层羽状结构(Plume)区的高密度等离子体所激发. 相似文献
3.
基于Van Allen Probes近三年的EMFISIS仪器波动观测数据,对内磁层下频带哨声模合声波幅度的全球分布特性对地磁活动水平的依赖性进行了详细的统计分析,着重研究下频带合声波平均场强幅度随磁壳值L、磁地方时、地磁纬度的分布特征及不同强度区间的合声波的发生概率.结果表明,下频带合声波的波动强度与地磁活动密切正相关,处于强磁扰期间的合声波具有更大的振幅,其发生率与地磁活动强度具有同样的正相关特性.下频带合声波主要发生于午夜至下午的磁地方时区间,其余的磁地方时时段下频带合声波较弱.赤道面附近的下频带合声波主要分布在夜侧至黎明这一时段内,随着磁纬度的增加逐步向日侧扩展.下频带合声波在午夜侧(21-03 MLT)主要出现在15°的磁纬范围内,在晨侧(03-09 MLT)可以到达15°磁纬甚至更高纬度.下频带合声波主要发生于L=~4.5的附近区域.随着地磁活动的增加,下频带合声波所覆盖的L-shell空间区域增大,趋势为向高、低L值区域同时扩展.建立的下频带哨声合声波的全球分布模型将有助于进一步深入理解该重要磁层波动对辐射带电子的波粒作用散射效应和对辐射带动力学过程的定量贡献. 相似文献
4.
利用2010~2011年的THEMIS卫星观测的卫星电位数据反演电子密度,并用来确定等离子层顶的位置,研究其与地磁指数的关系.利用观测数据得到了一个THEMIS卫星等离子体层顶位置数据库.利用该数据库建立了新的等离子体层顶位置的磁地方时经验模型,并比较了其与现有的四个等离子体层顶位置经验模型的优劣.发现新建立的等离子体层顶位置模型明显优于其余四个经验模型.在模型的三种输入参数中,Kp指数和Dst指数模型的预测效果相当,并明显优于AE指数的模型,这说明磁层的大尺度对流强度是影响等离子体层顶位置最主要的因素. 相似文献
5.
地球表面的人工甚低频台站信号可以穿透电离层泄漏进地球磁层导致内辐射带电子沉降到两极大气.因此研究人工甚低频台站信号的空间全球分布特性对于分析辐射带电子的损失具有重要科学意义.本文使用范阿伦双星从2013年到2018年共计6年的高质量的波动观测数据,统计了 NWC(19.8 kHz)、NAA(24.0 kHz)两个人工VLF台站信号的全球分布,分析了台站信号的电场功率谱密度对地理经纬度、磁壳值L、磁地方时MLT、地磁活动水平的依赖性.结果表明,在内磁层中,人工台站VLF信号主要沿着台站位置对应的磁力线传播,夜侧强度高于日侧,冬季高于夏季.这种日夜和夏冬差异的形成是因为夜侧和冬季的日照强度较弱,电离层电子密度较低,VLF信号较容易穿透电离层进入磁层.此外人工VLF台站信号的全球分布受地磁活动的影响很弱.这些统计观测结果给出了 NWC和NAA两个重要人工VLF台站信号强度的全球分布特征,为进一步分析人工VLF台站信号与地球辐射带电子的波粒相互作用提供了关键信息. 相似文献
6.
基于Van Allen Probes近三年的EMFISIS仪器波动观测数据,针对内磁层上频带哨声模合声波幅度的全球分布特性对地磁活动水平的依赖性进行了详细的统计分析,着重研究上频带合声波平均场强幅度随磁壳值(L)、磁地方时(MLT)、地磁纬度(MLAT)的分布特征及不同强度区间的合声波的发生概率.结果表明,上频带合声波的平均场强幅度与地磁活动条件密切相关,在强磁扰期,平均幅度可达到40 pT以上.在外辐射带中心区域(L=4~6),上频带合声波的幅度最强;在L~3的区域,上频带磁层合声波没有分布.在夜侧至晨侧(22—09MLT),上频带合声波幅度最强;在下午侧至昏侧(15-19MLT),上频带合声波幅度最弱;日侧(10-14MLT)上频带合声波在不同地磁活动条件下都存在,幅度偏小.上频带合声波主要分布在|MLAT|10°,其中21-09MLT范围内、磁纬位于|MLAT丨5°的平均场强幅度最强,磁扰期间可达约100 pT.另外,统计而言,中等幅度(10~30 pT)的上频带合声波在夜侧至晨侧(23-09MLT)靠近磁赤道区域的发生率最高,可达15%左右.强幅度(30 pT)的上频带合声波普遍分布在夜侧(01-05MLT),发生率最小.本文建立的上频带哨声模合声波的全球分布模型结合已经建立的下频带合声波的全球分布模型,将有助于进一步深入理解该重要磁层等离子体波动对地球等离子体片、辐射带、环电流动力学过程的定量贡献. 相似文献
7.
等离子体层已有数十年研究历史,但对其核心等离子体区域却一直没有一个相对准确的界限和模型定义.基于范阿伦辐射带卫星RBSP-A在2012年9月18日至2014年10月13日约两年的观测,我们统计研究了磁宁静期间核心等离子体层电子密度随磁地方时(MLT)及磁壳指数(L-value)的分布特征.发现了核心等离子体层电子密度在不同MLT条件下随L值的变化趋势几乎一致,但与以前的等离子体层经验模式计算的电子密度存在较大的偏差.在不同L值下电子密度随MLT的变化趋势也相差不大,而且随MLT存在明显的逐日和半日变化.最后我们获得了等离子体层电子密度随L值和MLT变化的经验公式.研究结果对空间等离子体层建模及研究具有重要的意义. 相似文献
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本文利用2014年9月到2017年8月全球高时空分辨率TEC数据对北半球四个经度带电离层中纬槽的发生率和槽极小位置的变化进行了统计研究.基于Kp指数,我们引入了一个包含地磁活动变化历史效应的地磁指数(Kp 9)来分析中纬槽位置变化与地磁活动水平的关系.通过与其他地磁活动指数的对比,发现槽极小纬度与Kp 9指数的相关性最好.此外,本文重点分析了中纬槽发生率及槽极小纬度的经度差异、季节变化、地方时变化以及与地磁活动强度等的关系.结果表明,中纬槽的发生率与经度关系不大,主要受到季节、地方时与地磁活动的影响.午夜中纬槽发生率在夏季较低,其随地方时的变化则呈现出负偏态分布的特点,在后半夜发生率更高,而地磁活动增强对中纬槽的发生具有明显的促进作用.对于槽极小纬度,其在四个经度带的分布差异不大,但月变化各不相同,其中-120°经度带呈单峰分布,在夏季槽极小纬度更高,而0°经度带夏季槽极小纬度更低.槽极小的位置显著依赖于地磁活动、地方时以及季节变化.一般说来,地磁活动越强,中纬槽纬度越低.中纬槽位置随地方时的变化有明显的季节差异,冬季昏侧槽极小纬度随地方时变化较快,弱地磁活动条件下22∶00 LT前即达到最低纬度,其后位置几乎保持不变,而两分季槽极小纬度从昏侧至午夜都在降低,夏季槽极小纬度从昏侧连续下降至03∶00 LT左右. 相似文献
9.
高速流是磁尾等离子体片中质量、能量和磁通量最重要的输运形式.高速流在地向运动到近地磁尾后流速会降低，主导方向也经常转为晨昏方向.在等离子体流速及其主导分量、密度和温度等宏观参数变化的过程中，可能伴随有不同类型的能量转换.为此，我们分析近地磁尾方位角流事件期间的能量转换过程.基于整体流速的主导分量为晨昏向，及事件期间的平均温度比其前后增强的选取原则，从2008—2020年期间THEMIS中的三颗卫星(THA,THD,THE)运行在磁尾时的观测数据中，共筛选出821个平均温度比其前/后(事件之前或事件之后10 min)升高的方位角流事件.2011年5月16日的方位角流事例研究发现：能量超过1 keV尤其是超过10 keV的高能离子通量增加，可导致低速低温等离子体的密度、温度和流速增加；磁场减小及磁场功率谱密度的分析表明等离子体和磁能的转换发生在频率为0.01～0.334 Hz的低频波动，仅1%能量耗散.统计给出方位角流事件的平均温度约为3.7 keV,比其前后增加的幅度大部分集中在100～1000 eV.事件期间的平均数密度可能升高或者降低，二者概率大致相当.约96%的平均温度和密度同时大... 相似文献
10.
本文利用南极中山站和新奥尔松（NAL）等5个北极站2000年9月到2003年3月共719天的地磁观测数据，以20 min间隔内地磁北向水平分量的互相关系数大于09为判据，对南北极地磁活动相关的发生率进行了统计，并与T89地磁模型得到的中山站共轭位置的分布进行了比较. 结果表明，南北极地磁活动相关的发生率与台站位置、季节、地方时和地磁活动性有着密切的关系. 在北极的5个台站中朗伊尔站（LYR）与中山站地磁相关的时间最多（占17%）；在两分季发生相关的情况比冬季和夏季多；在傍晚发生相关的情况最多，中午发生相关的情况最少；地磁活动较强时，相关的情况比地磁宁静时更多一些. 相似文献
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12.
N. G. Kleimenova O. V. Kozyreva A. A. Vlasov M. V. Uspensky K. Kauristie 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2010,50(3):329-338
Two cases when Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations were registered at the IMAGE Scandinavian network of stations and with STARE radars in the afternoon sector (1700–1800 MLT) during the recovery phase of the moderate magnetic storm are analyzed in detail. Using the ground-based observations, it has been indicated that classical quasimonochromatic resonance Pc5 pulsations were observed in the first case (on October 12, 1999; Kp = 5); in this case the maximal amplitude of the spectral maximum at a frequency of 2.5 mHz was registered at Φ ～ 65°. Two maximums were observed in the spectrum in the second case (on October 13, 1999; Kp = 4): ～2.5 mHz (the same maximum) and 2.9 mHz; in this case the maximal oscillation amplitude (2.5 mHz) shifted to Φ > 67°. These results were compared with the echo signal intensity simultaneously registered with the STARE Finland radar on a beam oriented along the 105° geomagnetic meridian. The spatial-temporal maps of the Pc5 pulsation amplitude latitudinal distribution (“keograms”), constructed based on the radar measurements in the wide range of geomagnetic latitudes (63°–70°) where the resolution was substantially higher than that of the ground-based observations, made it possible to detect two regions spaced in latitude (Φ ～ 65° and Φ ～ 67°–68°) with the simultaneous excitation of oscillations (double resonance?), between which the plasmapause projection was supposedly located. 相似文献
13.
Spatial-temporal and spectral features of ground geomagnetic pulsations in the frequency range of 1–5 mHz at the initial phase of a strong magnetic storm of the 24th cycle of solar activity (August 5–6, 2011, with a Dst-variation in the storm maximum of ?110 nT) are analyzed. Large opposite in sign amplitudes of variations in IMF parameters (from ?20 to +20 nT) at a high velocity of the solar wind (～650 km/s) accompanied by intense bursts in solar-wind density (up to ～50 cm?3) were distinctive feature of interplanetary medium conditions causing the storm. Geomagnetic Pi3 pulsations global in longitude and latitude and in-phase in the middle and equatorial latitudes were found. The onset of pulsation generation was caused by a pulse of dynamic pressure of the solar wind (～20 nPa), i.e., by a considerable compression of the magnetosphere. The maximum (2–3 mHz) in the amplitude spectrum of near-equatorial pulsations coincided with the maximum of pulsations in the daytime polar cap. After the next jump of the dynamic pressure of the solar wind (～35 nPa), an additional maximum appeared in the pulsation spectrum in the frequency band of ～3.5–4.5 mHz. Global pulsations suddenly stopped after a sharp decrease in the solar-wind dynamic pressure and corresponding extension of the magnetosphere. The obtained results are compared with the time dynamics of the position and shape of the plasmapause. 相似文献
14.
D.M. Pahud I.J. Rae I.R. Mann K.R. Murphy V. Amalraj 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2009,71(10-11):1082-1092
Using over 20 years of ground-based magnetometer data from the CANOPUS/CARISMA magnetometer array, we present a statistical characterisation of Pc5 ultra-low frequency (ULF) power in the 2–10 mHz band as a function of magnetic local time (MLT), L-shell, and solar wind speed. We examine the power across L-shells between 4.2 and 7.9, using data from the PINA, ISLL, GILL and FCHU stations, and demonstrate that there is a significant MLT dependence in both the H- and D-component median 2–10 mHz power during both fast (>500 km/s) and slow (<500 km/s) solar wind speeds. The H-component power consistently dominates over D-component power at all MLTs and during both fast and slow solar wind. At the higher-L stations (L>5.4), there are strong MLT power peaks in the morning and midnight local time sectors; the morning sector dominating midnight during fast solar wind events. At lower L-shells, there is no evidence of the midnight peak and the 2–10 mHz power is more symmetric with respect to MLT except during the fastest solar wind speeds. There is little evidence in the ground-based power of a localised MLT peak in ULF power at dusk, except at the lowest L-shell station, predominantly in the H-component. The median 2–10 mHz power increases with an approximate power law dependence on solar wind speed, at all local times across the L-shell domain studied in both components. The H-component power peaks at the latitude of the GILL station, with significantly lower power at both higher and lower L-shells. Conversely, the D-component power increases monotonically. We believe that this is evidence for 2–10 mHz power accumulating at auroral latitudes in field line resonances. Finally, we discuss how such ULF wave power characterisation might be used to derive empirical radiation belt radial diffusion coefficients based on, and driven by, the solar wind speed dependence of ULF wave power. 相似文献
15.
Based on theoretical models of the ionosphere and the plasmasphere, the ion composition variations in the plasmasphere and the plasmapause structure were studied depending on the choice of the distribution model of the magnetospheric convection electric field at low and high geomagnetic activity at the equinox and the December solstice. Based on the model calculations performed, the plasmapause shape and size during an increase and decrease in geomagnetic activity were studied. It was revealed that the size of the plasmasphere mainly depends on the magnetic local time (MLT) sector and the level of geomagnetic activity, and it greatly depends on the maximum universal time during the equinox. The Earth’s plasmasphere asymmetry is manifested in the noon-midnight and morning-evening directions. The analysis results of daily and seasonal variations in the ionic composition of the Earth’s plasmasphere at a moderate solar activity level show that there is a certain increase in the ion concentrations of H+ and He+ in the winter period probably due to an increase in the exospheric density at the summer to winter transition. The data obtained are in good agreement with satellite observations which makes it possible to use the model proposed to study the plasmasphere under different geophysical conditions. 相似文献
16.
A new empirical model of plasmapause location as functions of magnetic local time and geomagnetic indices has been developed based on the observations from THEMIS mission. We use the two-year data of electron density inferred from spacecraft potential to identify the plasmapause crossings and create a database of plasmapause locations. The database is further used to build up an empirical model of plasmapause related to magnetic local time based on the equation from O’Brien and Moldwin (2003). The new model is compared with previous plasmapause location models. It is found that our newly developed model is the best in predicting plasmapause locations among the existing models. The models based on Kp and Dst indices are better than the model based on AE index, suggesting that the plasmapause location is controlled by large scale convection of the magnetosphere. 相似文献
17.
Joseph M. Grebowsky Robert F. Benson Phillip A. Webb Vladimir Truhlik Dieter Bilitza 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2009,71(16):1669-1676
The projection of the plasmapause magnetic-field lines to low altitudes, where the light-ion chemistry is dominated by O+, tends to occur near the minimum electron density in the main (midlatitude) electron density trough at night. With increasing altitude in the trough, where H+ emerges as the dominant ion on the low-latitude boundary, we have found cases where the plasmapause field lines are located on the sharp low-latitude side of the trough as expected if this topside ionosphere H+ distribution varies in step with the plasmapause gradient in the distant plasmasphere. These conclusions are based on near-equatorial crossings of the plasmapause (corresponding to the steep gradient in the dominant species H+) by the Explorer-45 satellite as determined from electric-field measurements by Maynard and Cauffman in the early 1970s and ISIS-2 ionospheric topside-sounder measurements. The former data have now been converted to digital form and made available at http://nssdcftp.gsfc.nasa.gov. The latter provide samples of nearly coincident observations of ionospheric main trough crossings near the same magnetic-field lines of the Explorer 45-determined equatorial plasmapause. The ISIS-2 vertical electron density profiles are used to infer where the F-region transitions from an O+ to a H+ dominated plasma through the main trough boundaries. 相似文献