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1.
极光弧是最常见的一种极光形态,其空间尺度大至数百千米,小至几十米.极光弧宽的研究对理解极光粒子加速机制及磁层-电离层中的跨尺度耦合具有重要意义.现有文献在计算极光弧图像中的弧宽时,多是只考虑了过天顶某条剖线上极光强度的变化,而忽略了极光弧的形态信息.文章从极光弧图像出发,利用计算机模式识别技术,自动识别出极光弧轮廓,在此基础上计算极光弧的宽度,统计弧宽分布规律.通过对2 0 0 3~2 0 0 5年北极黄河站越冬观测的2 5 2 0幅日侧全天空极光弧图像进行实验,并与Q i u等(2 0 1 3)结论进行对比,验证了文章方法的有效性.结果显示,黄河站全天空成像仪观测到的日侧极光弧空间尺度主要在1~1 0 0 k m量级,磁天顶附近±1 5°内极光弧宽的平均值为1 9.6 5 k m,并且随着天顶角远离磁天顶,极光弧宽增大.  相似文献   

2.
极光是太阳风能量注入到极区的指示器,从观测视野中准确分割出极光区域对研究极光演变如亚暴过程有非常重要的意义.本文基于全卷积神经网络提出了一种弱监督极光图像自动分割策略,数据标记时仅需指定极光区域的一个像素点即可,极大解决了机器学习人工标注数据的压力.首先利用简单单弧状极光图像训练一个初始分割模型Model 1,然后基于该模型,结合热点状和复杂多弧状极光图像获得一个增强的分割模型Model 2,最后对分割结果做进一步优化.本文对2003—2007年北极黄河站越冬观测的2715幅极光图像进行了分割,并和最新论文结果及人工标签进行了定量和定性比较,其中分割结果与人工标签的“交并比”高达60%,证明了本文方法的有效性.  相似文献   

3.
极光全天空视频图像分析系统   总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文
全天空成像观测是目前极光地面观测和反演磁层结构与动力学行为最有效的手段之一，本文介绍在参照WDC－C2极光数据中心ADPRS（AuroralDataProcessing＆RetrievingSystem）系统功能的基础上，采用视频图像采集技术，首次在微机上开发成功的一个极光全天空视频图像分析系统．该系统在图像处理用户界面的构建上采用了视窗编程技术，在全天空图像到地磁坐标／地理坐标的投影变换中首次引入了强度修正因子，其功能可与ADPRS系统媲美．  相似文献   

4.
本文利用中国北极黄河站多波段全天空极光观测数据,选取稳定的日侧极光弧,统计研究了极光强度比I_(557.7)/I_(630.0)与极光发光强度I_(557.7)的相关关系.发现I_(557.7)在午前暖点和午后热点区附近出现极大值,分别为2.2kR和2.9 kR;而I_(630.0)在磁正午出现极大值,为1.5kR.当I_(557.7)从0.1kR增加到10kR时,极光强度比I_(557.7)/I_(630.0)也由0.2增加到9.结合DMSP卫星探测的沉降粒子能谱数据,找到17个DMSP卫星穿越黄河站上空极光弧的事件,共穿越40条极光弧.得到了沉降电子的平均能量正比于极光强度比I_(557.7)/I_(630.0),沉降电子的总能通量正相关于极光强度I_(557.7)的关系式.利用该关系式反演所有极光弧的电子能谱,发现在午前和午后扇区,产生极光弧的沉降电子主要来源于等离子体片边界层;在高纬出现强度较弱的弧,对应等离子体幔区域.在磁正午附近,沉降电子的平均能量较低,极光弧处于低纬一侧,粒子源区主要是低纬边界层.  相似文献   

5.
面对日积月累产生的海量极光数据,快速发现极光现象的发生及活动特征是研究极光的物理机制及相关动力学过程的首要问题,它为研究极光现象提供有效的自动化分析手段,从而能够提供充足而有效的事件用于统计学分析.因为太阳风是等离子体,它有着磁流体力学的特征,本文采用流体力学的连续性方程对极光运动进行建模,提取全天空极光图像序列的运动场,对极光活动进行表征,进而构造极光活动变化曲线,从而有效的检测出极光活动的变化.该方法的优势在于,基于运动场的表征方法能够有效反映极光活动的二维形态和运动特征,生成的极光活动变化曲线可以准确地指示极光发生、变化和消失的时间,为进一步研究极光的活动周期及相关物理变化奠定基础.  相似文献   

6.
利用南极中山站极光全天空摄相、地磁、地磁脉动数据和Wind卫星的行星际磁场IMF观测数据，分析了7个亚暴期间高纬黄昏-子夜扇区极光弧的短暂增亮现象.极光弧特征是，短暂增亮随后很快衰减，历时10-20min，基本沿着日-地方向，有明显黄昏方向运动.这些事件大都发生在IMFBz南转之后，亚暴增长相或膨胀相期间，极光浪涌到达之前10-73min消失.相应的IMFBx＞0，IMFBy＜0.这种极光弧和亚暴极光不同，它们与地磁活动及Pi2脉动不相关.这7个极光弧的形态和IMF特征表明，极光弧的增亮很可能由尾瓣重联产生，很快衰减归因于IMFBz南向条件，而黄昏方向运动受IMFBy控制.  相似文献   

7.
极光是磁层与电离层-热层复杂相互作用的直观表现,对极光进行合理分类有助于了解极光发生机制及其与磁层边界层动力学过程之间的相互关系.面对逐年增长的海量极光数据,亟需自动的极光分类方法.本文基于韦伯局部描述符(WLD)提出了一种极光图像描述方法,该方法能表征全天空极光图像的纹理、形状和亮度等形态特征.基于该方法,对2003~2009年北极黄河站越冬观测的4种日侧极光类型进行自动分类.在2003年8001幅典型极光图像上,与人工标记对比分类准确率高达94.8%,高于其他同类方法;对2004~2009年越冬观测数据进行自动识别,获得4种极光类型的发生分布与日侧极光的多波段能量分布一致.实验结果表明本文方法能有效用于极光图像表征,为海量极光图像自动分类提供了一种新方法.  相似文献   

8.
准确界定亚暴起始时刻是理解亚暴相关问题的关键.已有研究主要集中在两方面:一是从极光图像中人工挑选亚暴事件进行案例分析或统计分析来研究亚暴发生机制及亚暴期间的地磁环境;二是基于一些空间物理参数,如AE指数、SME(SuperMAG electrojet)指数、Pi2、正弯扰等,采用人眼判断或是模式识别的方法从中找出亚暴起始时刻.本文尝试采用模式识别的方法从紫外极光图像中自动地检测出亚暴膨胀期起始时刻.首先,将紫外极光图像通过网格化处理转换到磁地方时-地磁纬度(MLT-MLAT)直角坐标下,然后通过模糊c均值聚类方法提取亮斑,再考察亮斑强度是否增强、面积是否极向膨胀来判断是不是亚暴事件.本文方法在1996年12月-1997年2月这三个月的Polar卫星紫外极光图像上进行了实验验证.我们将检测到的亚暴起始时刻与Liou(J. Geophys. Res., 2010, 115: A12219)的人工标记进行了对比,并详细分析了与标记不一致的多检和漏检事件.本文提出的自动检测方法可以快速地从海量紫外极光图像中完成亚暴事件的初步筛选,方便研究人员进一步深入研究极光亚暴.  相似文献   

9.
昆明全天空流星雷达观测中高层大气温度   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文
利用昆明电波观测站（25.6°N,103.8°E）两台不同工作频率的全天空流星雷达在2011年特殊联合观测试验期间的数据,基于Hocking的方法利用不同的温度梯度,在确定了昆明地区中层顶位于流星峰值高度之上的情况下,反演了昆明地区上空88 km和85 km高度的大气温度,并与Aura卫星观测的温度进行比较.对比研究发现,两台流星雷达可以分别正确获得88 km和85 km高度的大气温度,但其中由全球温度梯度模式反演得到的大气温度与卫星观测温度相关性不是很好,而利用卫星观测的温度梯度,两台雷达反演出的大气温度与卫星观测温度存在很好的相关性.结果表明了准确的温度梯度在流星雷达观测大气温度过程中是至关重要的.  相似文献   

10.
本文主要应用THEMIS卫星的磁场和等离子体流观测数据,分析了2008年1月5日08∶51~08∶57 UT亚暴膨胀相期间磁尾的一个近地重联事件.在亚暴膨胀相期间,地面的全天空成像仪清楚地记录到了极光的极向扩展,THEMIS的P5卫星在地球同步轨道附近观测到了磁场的偶极化现象.在亚暴膨胀相末期的08∶51~08∶57 UT期间,P3(XGSM~-9.12RE) 和P4 (XGSM ~-9.40RE) 同时观测到了一对方向相反的高速等离子体流.这对方向相反的高速等离子体流是由磁尾的重联现象所引起.重联的位置被估计位于XGSM ~-9.12RE 和XGSM~-9.40RE之间较小的空间范围内.并且,在重联位置的两侧,重联的Hall效应被P3和P4两颗卫星观测到.因此,这一磁尾重联事件发生在距离地球非常近的空间范围内.  相似文献   

11.
During a nearby passage of the Active satellite above the Millstone Hill radar on 21 March 1990 at local sunset, the satellite and the radar performed simultaneous measurements of upper ionospheric parameters in nearly the same spatial volume. For this purpose the radar carried out a special azimuth-elevation scan to track the satellite. Direct comparisons of radar data and in situ satellite measurements have been carried out quite rarely. In this case, the coincidence of co-ordinated measurements and active ionospheric-magnetospheric processes during an extended storm recovery phase presents a unique occasion resulting in a very valuable data set. The measurements show generally good agreement both during quiet prestorm and storm conditions and the combination of radar and satellite observations gives a more comprehensive picture of the physical processes involved. We find a close relationship between the rapid westward ion drift peak at subauroral latitudes (SAID event) and the occurrence of a stable auroral red (SAR) arc observed after sunset by an all-sky imager and reported in an earlier study of this event. The SAID electric field is caused by the penetration of energetic ions with energies between about 1 keV and 100 keV into the outer plasmasphere to a latitude equatorward of the extent of the plasmasheet electrons. Charge separation results in the observed polarisation field and the SAID. Unusually high molecular ion densities measured by the satellite at altitudes of 700–870 km at subauroral and auroral latitudes point on strong upward-directed ion acceleration processes and an intense neutral gas upwelling. These structures are collocated with a narrow trough in electron density and an electron temperature peak as observed simultaneously by the radar and the satellite probes.  相似文献   

12.
The results of coordinated EISCAT and TV-camera observations of a prebreakup event on 15 November 1993 have been considered. The variations of the luminosity of two parallel auroral arcs, plasma depletion on the poleward edge of one of these arcs as well as electron and ion temperatures in front of a westward travelling surge were studied. It was found that a shortlived brightening of a weak zenith arc before an auroral breakup was accompanied by fading of an equatorial arc and, vice versa. A plasma depletion in the E region was detected by the EISCAT radar on the poleward edge of the zenith arc just before the auroral breakup. The plasma depletion was associated with an enhancement of ion (at the altitudes of 150–200 km) and electron (in E region) temperatures. During its occurrence, the electric field in the E-region was extremely large (150 mV/m). A significant increase in ion temperature was also observed 1 min before the arrival of a westward travelling surge (WTS) at the radar zenith. This was interpreted as the existence of an extended area of enhanced electric field ahead of the WTS.  相似文献   

13.
Auroral events that occurred on January 24, 1986 in central Canada were recorded by an all-sky TV imager. During these events, auroral breakup was confined to a region between two foot points of neighboring geosynchronous satellites, GOES5 and GOES6. We examined field line signatures at satellite locations in unique station distributions and concluded that field line observation indicated plasma motion in the equatorial plane. The plasma motion showed an earthward compression combined with bifurcation (duskward or dawnward displacement in dusk/dawn sectors). In addition, we were able to infer an elliptical circulation of plasmas in the equatorial plane at Pi2 periods. Appearance in opposite rotation beside the auroral region indicated excitation of surface waves. We were able to show that auroral breakups occurred at a meridian of bifurcation. We suggest that a high plasma pressure region occurring tailward of geosynchronous altitudes may drive those plasma motions.  相似文献   

14.
A stable evening sector are is studied using observations from the FAST satellite at 1250 km altitude and the MIRACLE ground-based network, which contains all-sky cameras, coherent radars (STARE), and magnetometers. Both FAST and STARE observe a northward electric field region of about 200 km width and a field magnitude of about 50 mV/m southward of the arc, which is a typical signature for an evening-sector arc. The field-aligned current determined from FAST electron and magnetometer data are in rather good agreement within the arcs. Outside the arcs, the electron data misses the current carriers of the downward FAC probably because it is mainly carried by electrons of smaller energy than the instrument threshold. Studying the westward propagation speed of small undulations associated with the arc using the all-sky cameras gives a velocity of about 2 km//s. This speed is higher than the background ionospheric plasma speed (about 1 km//s), but it agrees rather well with the idea originally proposed by Davis that the undulations reflect an E × B motion in the acceleration region. The ground magnetograms indicate that the main current flows slightly south of the arc. Computing the ionospheric conductivity from FAST electron data and using the ground magnetograms to estimate the current yields an ionospheric electric field pattern, in rather good agreement with FAST results.  相似文献   

15.
The dynamics and fine structure of auroras before and during 60 auroral breakups, including pseudobreakups and breakups at moderate and high auroral activity, have been studied using the developed method for processing television images. The IMAGE and POLAR satellite and simultaneous ground images of auroras, ground magnetic data, and measurements of IMF and solar wind plasma parameters have been analyzed. The signatures that can be precursors of breakup have been found out in the auroral dynamics and morphology in the spatial—temporal vicinity of breakup. The morphological characteristics of auroral structures have been analyzed statistically. The directions of motion of weak subvisual structures have been determined. The velocities of motion of such structures are presented. The relation of the initial auroral arc bright-ening during breakups and pseudobreakups to the beginning of magnetic activation and formation of rayed structures has been analyzed.  相似文献   

16.
Auroral arcs can develop small-scale distortions known as vortex streets or curls. Other common and somewhat larger spatially periodic distortions are auroral folds. In this event study we present simultaneous wide and narrow field imager observations of a third kind of structuring, on even smaller spatial scales. Boundary undulations, or “ruffs”, have been observed to form on the edge of an auroral arc and they occur superimposed on curls, folds or at times of auroral shear. The undulations typically have wavelengths of less than 3 km and amplitudes of less than 800 m. They are observed to move on the edge of the arc, with velocities of about 11 km/s. These observations, with multi-scale deformations, reveal a much more intricate structuring of auroral arcs than previously found.  相似文献   

17.
极光卵极光强度的空间分布是太阳风-磁层-电离层能量耦合过程的重要表现,并且随着空间环境参数和地磁指数的变化而变化,是空间天气的重要指示器.建立合适的极光强度模型对亚暴的预测以及磁层动力学的研究具有重要意义.本文基于Polar卫星的紫外极光成像仪(Ultraviolet Imager,UVI)数据,采用两种不同的极光强度表征方法,即曲线拟合方法(从UVI图像数据中提取极光强度沿磁余纬方向上的曲线特征,Curve Feature along the Magnetic Co-latitude Direction of the Auroral Intensity,CFMCD_AI)和网格化方法(从UVI图像数据中提取极光强度的网格化特征,Gridding Feature of the Auroral Intensity,GF_AI),来构造极区极光强度特征数据库.然后,利用该数据库,采用广义回归神经网络(Generalized Regression Neural Network,GRNN)构建了以行星际/太阳风参数(行星际磁场三分量、太阳风速度和密度)和地磁指数(AE指数)为输入参数的两种极光强度预测模型(GRNN_CFMCD_AI模型和GRNN_GF_AI模型).利用图像质量评价指数结构相似度(structure similarity,SSIM)作为极光强度模型预测结果和对应的UVI图像的相似性评价标准(完全相似为1,不相似为0,一般认为SSIM大于0.5是具有较好的相似性),对两种极光强度模型进行了性能评价.结果显示,GRNN_GF_AI模型预测结果对应的SSIM值范围为0.36～0.77,均值为0.54,性能优于GRNN_CFMCD_AI模型的.  相似文献   

18.
The synchronous observations of strong electric fields and large-scale undulations observed on December 12, 2004, in the evening sector of the diffuse auroral zone 0900-1000 UT (~1700-1800 MLT) have been analyzed. The appearance of strong northward electric field at ~0900 UT was almost simultaneously registered at Tixie Bay ionospheric station (71.6° N, 128.9° E, L =, 5.6) and on the DMSP F15 satellite. At 0910-1000 UT, the all-sky TV camera at Tixie Bay and the DMSP satellites (F13, F14, and F15) registered eight undulations propagating westward at a velocity of 0.7—0.8 km/s. The undulation parameters registered during the TV observations agree with the satellite measurements. The distinctive feature of the analyzed event consists in that an intense electric field and undulations were localized within the diffuse zone in the region of increased precipitation of keV electrons. A comparison of the ground-based and satellite measurements made it possible to draw the conclusion on the necessary conditions for formation of diffuse undulations.  相似文献   

19.
Using optical data from observatories of the Polar Geophysical Institutes, as well all-sky TV observations at Canadian stations of ground support for the THEMIS satellite mission, we clarify whether Alfvén resonance should necessarily be present in the region of subsequent substorm onset. If this is true, the diversion of magnetospheric cross-tail current to the ionosphere, which leads to substorm onset, may be due to resonant Alfvén (or flapping) oscillations that increase in duration. This possibility is believed to indicate optically the presence of Alfvén resonance via periodic restructuring of the preonset auroral arc 3–15 min before onset at T 0 . At the latitudes of the observatories included in this study, auroral restructuring occurs as repetitive poleward excursions of the preonset arc (the periods of excursions are 1–3 min) and can be readily explained by the theory of Alfvén resonance. It is shown that this feature, while typically observed in strong substorm events, may be lacking for weaker substorms. As proved by conjugate satellite observations, the lack of auroral restructuring in the latter case may result from the weakness of the involved Alfvén resonance, which is still present but not accompanied by large field-aligned currents sufficient for visualization in the ionosphere of the apparent propagation of oscillation phase across the resonance layer.  相似文献   

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