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1.
Because of its direct influence on the amount of unfrozen water and on the strength of intergranular ice in a frozen soil, temperature has a significant effect on all aspects of the mechanical behavior of the active layer in which temperature fluctuates above and below 0 °C. Hence seismic responses of engineering structures such as embankment on a sloping ground in permafrost regions exhibit obvious differences with seasonal alternation. To explore the distinctive seismic characteristics of a railway embankment on the sloping ground in permafrost regions, a coupled water-heat-dynamics model is built based on theories of heat transfer, soil moisture dynamics, frozen soil mechanics, soil dynamics, and so on. A well-monitored railway embankment on a sloping ground in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is taken as an example to simulate seismic responses in four typical seasons in the 25th service year. The numerical results show that seismic acceleration, velocity and displacement responses are significantly different in four typical seasons, and the responses on October 15 are much higher among the four seasons. When the earthquake is over, there are still permanent differential deformations in the embankment and even severe damages on the left slope on October 15. Therefore, this position should be monitored closely and repaired timely to ensure safe operation. In addition, the numerical model and results may be a reference for maintenance, design and study on other embankments in permafrost regions. 相似文献
2.
台站资料在我国地磁学基础研究中的应用 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
台站观测资料包含了上至太阳活动、星际空间、磁层、电离层活动，下至地壳构造、地震活动、地球深部导电特征，乃至地核活动的各种丰富的信息。中国学者利用台站资料广泛开展地磁学的基础研究，在研制中国地磁场模型，研究地磁场长期变化规律、地下的导电率结构及震磁关系等方面取得了许多成果。文章介绍了台站资料在中国地磁学基础研究中的应用。 相似文献
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活动构造研究——历史、进展与建议 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
文中综述了国内外活动构造研究的历史与进展。在简要介绍国际以及中国早期活动构造研究历史的基础上,重点回顾了20世纪80年代以来活动构造及其定量研究的历史与发展,阐述了中国在活动构造基础调查研究、应用研究以及区域活动构造及其运动学、动力学理论研究等方面的主要工作与认识;进一步介绍了在活动构造定量参数测定方面的研究工作,以及基于这些定量参数进行的活动断裂潜在地震危险性与危害性评价工作与进展。最后,结合中国活动构造研究现状与存在的主要问题,提出今后宜重点加强工作的若干建议 相似文献
4.
简要介绍了地球介质各向异性研究的发展历程,重点介绍了国内外有关上地幔各向异性的研究工作及成果;阐述了上地幔各向异性的起源及其地球动力学意义;较详细地分析了上地幔各向异性研究的各种方法及其优缺点;论述了川滇地区各向异性研究的意义和目的,并提出了整个研究工作的内容和步骤. 相似文献
5.
20世纪90年代我国对地壳上地幔结构的人工地震探测研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
介绍了20世纪90年代我国人工地震探测在研究大震区和潜在震源区深部细结构，发震构造的深部特征、介质物性，地壳和上地幔结构与地球动力学过程，火山深部结构，油气生成的深部构造环境等方面取得的成果，以及人工地震资料解释中P波和S波的联合应用，浅层地震反射法在地壳浅层细结构、深浅构造关系研究方面取得的进展。 相似文献
6.
我国地震预报研究概述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章全面介绍了１９６６￣１９９６年我国地震预报研究历程及所获得的主要成果，针对我国大陆地震活动频率高，强度大，分布范围广，震源浅、地震灾害严重的特点，以大陆板内地震活动规律和前兆观测研究为主要目标的我国地震预报研究，着重从我国地震及前兆观测台网建设和研究，中长期地震预测研究和地震重点监测防御区确定以及中短期地震预报研究三方面进行了艰苦的探探索，但由于板内地震活动及前兆现象极其复杂，多样，我国中长期 相似文献
7.
本文结合汶川地震总结了村镇灾害的特点,在此基础上对比城市灾害,剖析了村镇灾害发生的原因,进一步指出研究村镇灾害评价方法的必要性和紧迫性。同时就国内地震、地质灾害研究方法进行了概况总结,主要从层次分析法和基于GIS技术两个方面构建了村镇灾害研究框架详图,为研究村镇防灾减灾大纲和各种灾害防治标准提供了一些参考。 相似文献
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用2002年3月31日台湾Ms7．5地震时上海地区软土地表和基岩记录的加速度资料讨论了地表软土覆盖层面波的地震动反应，并用经验格林函数法合成了台湾未来8级大地震在上海基岩和土层处的面波加速度时程，初步估计了其对高层建筑的影响。其结果对上海的工程抗震设计有参考价值。 相似文献
10.
气候变化对湖库水环境的潜在影响研究进展 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
本文着重归纳气候变化对湖库热力特性、冰期、溶解氧、营养盐、浮游植物和水生植物等方面的影响规律,探讨气候变化对湖库水环境潜在影响的区域差异,讨论现有研究方法的优缺点和发展前景.研究表明,气候变暖对湖库物理过程的影响最为显著;热带草原气候和温带海洋性气候对于气候变暖和降雨变化的响应较其他气候类型突出;气候变化对湖库水环境的影响效果具有两面性.通过分析各气候类型中气候变暖对磷水平的潜在影响差异表明,亚热带季风气候的湖库更可能受气候变暖的影响趋于富营养状态.在今后研究中,建议深入开展各气候类型中区域性气候变化对湖库水环境影响的实例研究. 相似文献
11.
中国东部大陆上地幔的基本状况 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文概述了近年来我国在地幔岩石学和地球化学研究中取得的主要结果。重点讨论了地幔流体在地幔过程中的重要作用，特别是地幔流体成矿作用，我国东部陆下地幔化学的区域性特征及其动力学意义。 相似文献
12.
在地震地下流体动态研究中发现有多种干扰,特别是地下水资源开发的干扰较为普遍,地下热水开发的干扰较为严重,影响地下流体动态监测的效果,因此需要关注、调查与研究地下水开采对地下流体动态的影响问题。作者在研究京北地热田区水文地质条件及热水开采的历史与现状的基础上,重点分析了热水开采对不同水文地质条件与离开采井距离不等的观测井地下流体动态的影响及这种影响在不同测项上表现的差异。研究结果表明,在京北地热田区热水开采对地下流体动态的影响距离为5km,对位于导水断裂带附近的观测井动态影响最为明显;就测项而言,对水位与水温动态的影响最为明显,其次是逸出气(Rn,Hg)动态的影响,对土壤气(CO2)动态的影响不明显 相似文献
13.
This paper reviews the history and progress of research on active tectonics in China and overseas.By giving a brief introduction on the history of active tectonic research in China and other countries,the paper sums up the process and development of quantitative investigation of active tectonics since the 1980s.The focus is on the main efforts and progress made in China on certain aspects of research,such as basic surveys and applied investigation of active tectonics,the study of theories related to regional active tectonics and their kinematics and geodynamics,surveys on coupling relations between deep and shallow structures,active fault surveys and prospecting and seismic hazard assessment in urban areas,as well as the efforts made using Quaternary geochronology.Furthermore,the paper looks back on Chinese quantitative investigation of active tectonics in China and sums up cognitions derived from studies on the determination of several basic and measurable parameters of active tectonics.These parameters include the length of fault and fault segmentation,coseismic slip and cumulative slip,fault slip rate,the sequence of paleoearthquake events and the time elapsed since the most recent event.At the same time,efforts and progress made in China on assessing the long-term seismic potential for active faults and evaluating the risk from potential active fault movement have been reviewed by summarizing research on developing theories,models,methods and the application of time-dependent seismic potential to probabilistic assessment,magnitude estimation for potential earthquakes on active faults,and the forecast of potential risk caused by active fault movement.Finally,in consideration of the realities and problems in the research of active tectonics in China,the authors put forward several suggestions for issues worthy of more attention for further investigation in the future. 相似文献
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重点阐述了生物表面活性剂清洗土壤有机污染物的机理及影响因素。根据国内外最新文献．对使用生物表面活性剂溶液修复有机物污染土壤的研究进展进行了综述。并展望了生物表面活性剂在清洗土壤有机污染物中的研究前景。 相似文献
16.
Laboratory experiments on longitudinal dispersion in clear-water and sedimentladen flows are reported. These experiments indicate that the presence of suspended sediment does not have a significant effect on the dispersion process other than its possible effect on the friction factor. Analysis of the writers' and other's data collected in laboratory flumes and natural streams Shows that Taylor's model of longitudinal dispersion based on one-dimensional Fickian diffusion equation with a constant dispersion coefficient, DL, is not suitable for describing the dispersion process in natural streams as DL tends to increase in the downstream direction. Therefore, a similarity analysis of the concentration distributions, on the lines of Day and Wood, has been carried out. Based on dimensional analysis an improved empirical method has been obtained for predicting the concentration-time relation without the use of DL 相似文献
17.
Tongxin ZHU 《国际泥沙研究》2002,17(4)
1 INTRODUCTION Soil crusting, or soil sealing, is one of the common phenomena in agricultural lands or semi-arid and arid soils. Due to the breakdown of soil aggregates by raindrops, soil surface develops a very thin, often less than a few millimeters, dense layer. Many studies indicated that such a thin layer significantly reduces infiltration capacity and increases surface runoff (i.e. McIntyre, 1958; Edward and Larson, 1969; Agassi et al., 1985; Bradford et al., 1986; Romkens et al.,… 相似文献
18.
Emilio Rosenblueth 《地震工程与结构动力学》1979,7(1):49-61
In December 1976 the new version of Mexico's Federal District Building Code was officially approved. It differs from previous versions in several matters: design values are based on a probabilistic assessment of seismicity, on a more careful and better substantiated consideration of wave filtering through the peculiar lacustrine soil and on approximate design optimization; ductility receives explicit treatment; and there are significant improvements in the treatment of overturning moments, torques, etc. The paper discusses these matters and contains information on code evolution in Mexico and on the implementation in the Federal District. 相似文献
19.
Review of behaviour of oil in freezing environments 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The current knowledge of the physical fate and behaviour of crude oil and petroleum products spilled in Arctic situations is reviewed. The fate and final deposition of oil in marine conditions is presented as based on the extant literature.
Spreading models were evaluated for oil on ice, under ice, in snow, in brash ice, and between blocks of ice. Models of oil transport under sheet and broken ice were considered, both for sea and river conditions. The ability of ice sheets to trap oil is discussed in relation to oil storage capacity. The effects of oil on a growing ice sheet were examined, both in terms of ice formation and the thermal effects of oil inclusions in ice. The migration of oil through ice was reviewed, focussing primarily on the movement through brine channels. The effects of oil on the surface of ice were considered, with emphasis on the effects of surface pools on ice melt. Similar consideration was given to the effects of oil on snow on the surface of ice.
The few quantitative studies of oil in open and dynamic ice conditions are reviewed. Observations of intentional small-scale spills in leads and ice fields are reviewed and compared with observations from real spills. The conditions under which “oil pumping” from leads occurs were quantified. The most common ultimate fate of oil in an ice field is to be released onto the water surface. 相似文献
20.
Comparative study on CO2 sources in soil developed on carbonate rock and non-carbonate rock in Central Guizhou 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, by using concentration and carbon stable isotope the CO2 sources of soil profiles developed on limestone, dolostone and claystone basements in Central Guizhou, China are comparatively studied. The results show that CO2 concentration of soil profiles developed on different basements is different, having the following sequence: limestone>dolostone>claystone. Below the soil depth of 20 cm from the surface the ? 13C value of CO2 in soil profile developed on limestone ranges from -12.811‰ - -13.492‰(PDB), that in soil profile developed on dolostone varys from -13.212‰ - -14.271‰(PDB) and that in soil profile developed on claystone is about -20.234‰ - -21.485‰(PDB). Taking the carbon isotope of soil organic matter and carbonate rock as two isotopic endmembers, the proportion of soil CO2 generated by dissolution of carbonate rock is calculated, about 21%-25% for soil profile developed on limestone basement, 19%-21% for soil profile developed on dolostone basement. There is almost no influx of CO2 generated by the dissolution of carbonate rock in soil profile developed on claystone basement. 相似文献