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1.
The Dogo hot spring, situated in Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture, Japan, is one of the oldest and most famous hot springs
in Japan. The groundwater level or discharge at the spring decreased four times during the past eight or nine Nankai earthquakes.
These are large interplate earthquakes that have occurred repeatedly in the western part of the Nankai Trough at intervals
of 100–200 years since A.D. 684. To clarify the mechanism of these earthquake-related changes in the water level at the spring,
we analyzed groundwater-level data recorded at the spring immediately after the 1946 Nankai earthquake and over the period
from 1985 to 2006. We detected the other nine postseismic increases in groundwater level and no decreases, except for a large
decrease of 11.4 m related to the 1946 Nankai earthquake. The increases were probably caused by ground-shaking, while the
decrease was caused by a change in coseismic volumetric strain. These results lead to the following explanation of the recorded
earthquake-related changes in the groundwater level at the Dogo hot spring. Both coseismic changes in volumetric strain and
ground-shaking can lead to postseismic changes in groundwater pressure. The increase in groundwater pressure arising from
ground-shaking is generally greater than the change in pressure associated with changes in coseismic volumetric strain; however,
at the time of the Nankai earthquakes, the spring experiences a large increase in coseismic volumetric strain, leading to
a considerably larger decrease in the groundwater level than the increase associated with ground-shaking. Therefore, the groundwater
level at the Dogo hot spring usually increases at times of relatively large earthquakes, although the groundwater level or
discharge decreases in the case of the Nankai earthquakes. 相似文献
2.
Characteristics of coseismic water level changes at Tangshan well for the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake and its larger aftershocks 
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下载免费PDF全文 Baojun Yin Li Ma Huizhong Chen Jianping Huang Chaojun Zhang Wuxing Wang 《地震科学（英文版）》2009,22(2):149-157
Coseismic water level changes which may have been induced by the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake and its 15 larger aftershocks (MS≥?5.4) have been observed at Tangshan well. We analyze the correlation between coseismic parameters (maximum amplitude, duration, coseismic step and the time when the coseismic reach its maximum amplitude) and earthquake parameters (magnitude, well-epicenter distance and depth), and then compare the time when the coseismic oscillation reaches its maximum amplitude with the seismogram from Douhe seismic station which is about 16.3 km away from Tangshan well. The analysis indicates that magnitude is the main factor influencing the induced coseismic water level changes, and that the well-epicenter distance and depth have less influence. MS magnitude has the strongest correlation with the coseismic water level changes comparing to MW and ML magnitudes. There exists strong correlation between the maximum amplitude, step size and the oscillation duration. The water level oscillation and step are both caused by dynamic strain sourcing from seismic waves. Most of the times when the oscillations reach their maximum amplitudes are between S and Rayleigh waves. The coseismic water level changes are due to the co-effect of seismic waves and hydro-geological environments. 相似文献
3.
以2008—2017年腾冲地震台井水位记录的同震响应事件为研究对象,系统分析该井水位的同震响应特征,结合井孔地质背景条件,对同震响应机理进行初步探讨。结果表明:腾冲地震台井水位同震响应能力随着震级增大而逐渐增强;因井震距不同,同震响应主要表现为近震阶降—复原型和远震振荡型变化;同震响应幅度随震级增大而增大,随井震距增大而减小,且水位同震变化受震级与井震距的影响力基本相当;震级越大,同震响应持续时间越长;发生井水位同震响应的地震分布具有明显区位型特点。分析认为,振荡型同震响应机理与面波作用有关,阶降—复原型同震响应机理可能与腾冲地震台观测井所处地质构造有关。 相似文献
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以云南丽江党校井为例,分析了水温基本动态和同震变化特征,并对水温前兆异常变化进行了讨论。基本动态方面,水温水位的对比分析和井温梯度结构显示,党校井的温度探头位于井孔水体与含水层连通的主要部位,含水层中补给水的温度较低,水温动态主要受水位泄流状态和水位变化的影响;同震方面,在水位均为振荡的情况下,水温同震变化形态在不同的泄流状态下存在明显的差异,自流期间为上升—下降—恢复型,非自流期间为下降—上升—恢复型,同震变化反映出的温度探头放置位置和低温水源补给的认识与基本动态分析获得的认识相一致;前兆方面,党校井的水位动态受降雨的趋势性影响,温度探头所在处的地下水体活动剧烈,水温动态前兆变化特征不明显。 相似文献
6.
Tsai-Ping Lee Yeeping Chia Hsin-Ying Yang Ching-Yi Liu Yung-Chia Chiu 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2012,169(11):1947-1962
Widespread persistent coseismic groundwater level changes induced by the M w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake were recorded in 80 wells in Taiwan, located approximately 2,000?km from the epicenter. The timing and magnitude of these changes, ranging from ?40 to +23?cm, have been examined by statistical evaluation. The coseismic fall dominated in the plain area, but in the mountainous area most changes are coseismic rises. Both the coseismic rise and the coseismic fall were observed in wells of different depths at two monitoring stations. The processes of the coseismic changes can be shown by the high-frequency well water level data. Analysis of the 1?Hz water level data and the broadband seismogram revealed that a temporary water level change, ranging from 0.2 to 2.3?cm, occurred at the arrival of high-energy Love waves and Rayleigh waves. However, a water level change of 0.3–6.4?cm occurred in 7–20?min after the passing of high-energy surface waves. It is doubtful that such a change could be induced directly by ground shaking. The cross-formational flow due to fracturing or unclogging of sediment pores was possibly too slow to cause the coseismic change. Further studies are required to understand the mechanism of coseismic groundwater level changes induced by a distant earthquake. 相似文献
7.
黄骅井水位对苏门答腊5次地震的同震响应初步研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用ARX模型分析了河北省黄骅井水位对气压和固体潮的响应特征,并利用该模型消除气压和固体潮对该井水位的影响,准确地提取了5次苏门答腊大震引起的同震水位变化异常.分析了该井水位对这5次地震的同震响应模式与震级和震源机制解的关系,初步探讨了引起该井水位同震变化复杂性的可能原因.认为,即使发生在同一地区,震源机制解基本相同的地震也会引起远距离同一井水位不同的响应特征,其响应幅度与发震震级有关,响应方式可能与井孔所处地区的局部应力应变状态或井-含水层系统的结构变化有关. 相似文献
8.
The study on coseismic step-like changes of water-level is of theoretical and practical significance to the mitigation of secondary hazards, identification of earthquake precursors, tracking of the subsequent shocks, and the research of crustal activity (Nur and Booker, 1972; WANG et al, 1988). A lot of researches have been done by previous geoscientists. Among them, ZHANG et al (1994) inverted stress variation in the aquifers through the analysis of coseismic step-like changes of well water level. LI (1995), WANG (2000), and FU et al (2002) studied the relationship between coseismic step-like changes of water level and future seismic activity. HUANG et al (2000) investigated the water-level changes in many wells after the occurrence of one great earthquake. However,the analysis of the quantitative relation between the coseismic step-like changes of water level and earthquakes in China has not been reported so far. This paper describes the coseismic step-like changes of water level in the Dazhai well, Simao city, Yunnan Province, and tries to discuss the possible mechanism of these changes. 相似文献
9.
通过分析江苏句容16井2001～2007年间几次远大震的同震效应现象,发现苏16井动水位和水温资料对震级大于Ms7．5,震中距800～5000km不等的远大震,有较明显的同震效应反映,且动水位和水温的同震阶变总是上升,幅值随震级的增大而增大,随震中距的增大而减小。本文对苏16井动水位和水温同震效应的同步变化机理进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
10.
分析福建省数字化水位、水温记录的日本9级地震的同震响应,发现：水位初始变化多为下降;水震波的最大双振幅随着水位日变化幅度的增大呈对数关系增大,还受到该井潮汐因子的影响;水温同震响应多表现为下降一上升恢复,水位异常幅度越大,水温的异常幅度越大,水温的异常持续时间越长。 相似文献
11.
采用多井对多震的方式,选取山东省地下流体观测井网中同震响应较好的6口观测井作为研究对象,分别从水位变化形态和幅度对比分析2011年日本MW9.0地震、2012年苏门答腊MW8.6地震和2015年尼泊尔MW7.8地震引起的井水位变化特征,探讨引起该变化的可能机理。研究结果显示:水位同震变化形态以振荡为主;通过定量分析认为聊古一井井水位的阶升是由含水层渗透系数增大所致;位于同一断裂带上的聊古一井和鲁27井井水位在同一地震中所表现的变化形态不同,可能与两个观测井所处的地质构造条件和地震活动背景不同有关;区域应力场的变化会影响栖霞鲁07井的水位同震变化形态;水位同震变化幅度与震级、井震距存在一定关系,同时也取决于含水层水文地质条件的变化量。 相似文献
12.
2019年长宁M6.0地震和2018年兴文M5.7地震引起了华蓥山断裂及其附近区域8口观测井水位不同程度的响应变化。 本文对比分析各观测井水位的同震响应特征, 从地震波能量密度、 同震破裂体应变、 含水层渗透性参数变化以及断裂带控制作用几个方面探讨了其同震响应机理。 结果显示, 井水位同震响应的幅度与地震波能量密度有一定关系; 2019年长宁M6.0地震引起的井水位同震响应形态符合同震破裂体应变四象限空间分布特征, 但2018年兴文M5.7地震则不符合; 两次地震引起的含水层渗透性参数变化存在空间上的不一致性和单点各向异性, 并且断裂带自身的水文条件对井水位同震响应形态和幅度有一定的控制作用。 综合分析认为, 目前已有的几种机理无法完全解释两次地震引起的井水位同震响应现象。 相似文献
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基于全国地震地下流体台网数据,分析了芦山MS 6.1、马尔康MS 6.0地震引起的地下流体井水位、水温同震响应特征。结果表明,对于芦山MS 6.1地震水位同震响应观测井数量较多,以上升变化为主,同震变化幅度较大;而对于马尔康MS 6.0地震水位同震响应观测井数量较少,以振荡为主,变化幅度较小;2次地震引起的水位同震响应能力均强于水温测项,水温记录同震响应的前提是同井能记录到水位同震变化;2组地震引起的同震响应特征差异主要与震源机制解、台站分布密度、同震响应机理不同等有关。 相似文献
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本文使用双差定位法对2014年9月12日至12月30日浙江珊溪水库发生的4184次地震进行重定位,并采用CAP方法对11次ML≥3.0地震事件的震源机制解进行反演,讨论了震群序列的活动特征及其与断裂之间的关系,分析了水库水位与地震之间的关系.重新定位的结果显示,在空间分布上,2014年震群序列发生在2006年震群序列NW向延伸的方向上,两者形成一条线性条带,该条带平行分布于双溪—焦溪垟断裂南侧.重定位得到的震源主要在0.7—6 km深度范围内分层分布,垂直于地震条带走向的震源剖面刻画出的结构面以高角度倾向SW.震源机制解结果显示多数地震为走滑型,均存在一个与地震条带走向一致的NW向节面,呈右旋走滑错动性质.考虑到断裂的定位误差,线性分布的震群活动极有可能沿双溪—焦溪垟断裂的破裂面活动,精定位的震源位置和震源机制刻画出了该断裂的几何结构和活动性质.但由于多数地震的震源深度在6 km以上,因此震群活动不能归为双溪—焦溪垟断裂活动的结果,即双溪—焦溪垟断裂不是这两次震群的发震构造,而且仍然属于水库诱发地震,而水库地震存在激发该断裂发生构造地震的可能.水库水位上升或者下降与震群活动关系不大,震群活动有随时间进一步增强的趋势, 可能是库水沿库底断层破裂面长期渗透和扩散增加了孔隙压所致. 相似文献
17.
应用新04井自2001年进行数字化改造以后的观测资料,对该井记录到的6次8.0级以上强震引起的同震变化特征进行了分析,得到以下认识:1)新04井对地震的同震响应在形态上,水位均表现为阶变上升,水温则表现为快速上升、快速恢复的突跳型变化。水温表现出的突跳型同震效应是新04井具有冷热两层地下水这种特殊水文地质条件所决定的;2)水位、水温对地震的响应存在明显的差异。无论是出现同震效应的次数还是效应的明显程度上水温都优于水位。表现出新04井水温反应地下应力应变较水位灵敏;3)新04井地下流体同震响应的明显程度与地震震级有明显的相关性。 相似文献
18.
G. N. Kopylova G. M. Steblov S. V. Boldina I. A. Sdel’nikova 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(1):47-56
A method for point estimation of coseismic volume deformation from amplitudes of earthquake-induced jumps in the water level
and from the tidal sensitivity of the water level is presented. Application of this method is illustrated by six Kamchatka
earthquakes of 1997–2004 with M
w
= 6.2–7.8 that occurred 128–316 km from the YuZ-5 well. Estimates of coseismic deformation provided by the level gage observations
and by the model agree in amplitude and sign. The model reproduces an extended dislocation source in a homogeneous elastic
isotropic half-space. Source rupture parameters correspond to focal mechanisms from the CMT international catalog. Consistence
in experimental and theoretical estimates of the volume coseismic deformation indicates the high strain-resistance properties
of YuZ-5 borehole and the possibility of quantitative estimation of seismotectonic deformation from high-precision water level
measurements with time resolution not lower than 10 minutes. 相似文献
19.
分析了1975年2月4目辽宁海城地震后的熊岳、1976年4月6日内蒙和林格尔地震后的凉城、以及1976年7月28日唐山大震后的宝坻等震群活动的时空分布特点.由位错模式计算了大地震在相应地区产生的附加应力(张应力)的大小(3——6巴),它和由这些震群中的小地震计算的应力降的大小相当.附加的张性应力相当于减小围压.根据不同应力途径的三轴压缩实验以及原地庄水诱发地震的试验结果指出,上述量级的应力变化可以在地壳浅处应力水平已经很高的地区触发地震活动.考虑到地下流体的扩散特性及其作用,初步解释了震群活动的高潮滞后大地震的观测事实,从而引出了大地震对其附近的震群活动的一种可能的触发机制. 相似文献
20.
地震地下流体已成为一种重要的地震监测手段。 本文分析夏垫断裂带上观测井的同震响应特征, 探讨观测井水位、 水温同震变化对夏垫断裂带的影响机理, 收集和整理布设在夏垫断裂带上的赵各庄井和西集井两口观测井水位和水温同震响应资料, 从响应的地震次数及发震位置、 异常幅度、 时间和形态类型等方面对其响应特征进行分析, 从震中距、 震级和井-含水层岩性等方面探讨了地下流体地震前兆异常的成因。 结果显示, 赵各庄井和西集井水位地震响应能力强于水温, 响应形态以振荡型为主, 对于MS7.0以上地震具有显著的映震能力。 在水温资料中, 仅有赵各庄井对2008年汶川MS8.0地震有响应, 响应幅度为0.0129℃。 综合分析认为, 井-含水层岩性影响了两井同震响应形态特征, 远场大地震产生的动态应变导致了较大的水位变幅。 相似文献