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1.
《中国科学:地球科学》2016,(12)
独石岭钨(铜)多金属矿床位于苗儿山-越城岭岩体北东部,为一个大型蚀变岩型+矽卡岩型钨(铜)多金属矿床.矿区坑道内见有两种类型的花岗岩:中粒似斑状黑云母花岗岩和中细粒黑云母花岗岩,两类花岗岩在时空上与矿体关系密切,应属于独石岭钨(铜)矿成矿母岩.矿区顶部地表见有中细粒似斑状黑云母花岗岩.本文对矿区坑道内花岗岩及顶部露头花岗岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,结果表明,矿区坑道内中粒似斑状黑云母花岗岩的成岩年龄约为423Ma,中细粒黑云母花岗岩的成岩年龄约为421Ma,而矿区顶部露头花岗岩的成岩年代约为217Ma,表明矿区存在加里东期、印支期两期岩浆活动.对矿区坑道内两类花岗岩岩石地球化学特征研究表明,在主量元素方面:两类花岗岩均属于钙碱性、过铝质花岗岩;微量元素蛛网图表明,两类花岗岩相对富集Cs、Rb、U、REE,而亏损Sr、Ba、P、Ti;稀土元素配分曲线表明,两类花岗岩具有向右倾斜、富集轻稀土,且还具有从中粒似斑状黑云母花岗岩到中细粒黑云母花岗岩,ΣREE总体呈降低、其中轻稀土含量降低,重稀土含量略有升高,Eu亏损越来越强烈的趋势.由此表明二者属于同源、不同阶段岩浆演化的产物,与成矿关系密切,属于独石岭钨(铜)矿的成矿母岩.利用钨矿石中的白钨矿,首次对独石岭钨(铜)矿进行了Sm-Nd同位素定年分析,获得成矿年龄为(417±35)Ma,同时还利用蚀变花岗岩型和矽卡岩型矿石中的榍石进行U-Pb定年,其结果为蚀变花岗岩型矿石中的榍石年龄为425~423Ma,而矽卡岩型中榍石年龄约为218Ma.由此表明,独石岭矿区白钨矿主要形成于加里东晚期,但印支期岩浆热液也对其有一定的影响.大型独石岭钨(铜)矿成矿母岩与矿化年龄的确定,证明南岭西段越城岭地区的北端,在加里东期也曾经发生过较强烈的成矿作用,结合南端的牛塘界钨矿,这为进一步在南岭西部寻找加里东期和印支期矿集区,提供了科学依据和典型范例. 相似文献
2.
闽西南地区燕山晚期花岗岩黑云母特征及成因意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过黑云母的电子探针方法测试,分析闽西南地区才溪岩体、四方岩体及罗卜岭岩体中黑云母的地球化学特征及其成因意义。测试结果表明,才溪二长花岗岩中的黑云母为高铁黑云母,而四方花岗闪长岩及罗卜岭花岗闪长斑岩中的黑云母为高镁黑云母,在由黑云母成分确定的物质来源图上,它们均落入壳-幔混合源区域,表明其成因类型都是壳-幔混源型花岗岩,但随着形成时代的逐渐变新,其物质组成成分中幔源组分逐渐增多。 相似文献
3.
藏东雀儿山复式花岗岩体成因及构造背景:年代学、地球化学与锆石Lu-Hf同位素制约 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
雀儿山复式花岗岩体位于藏东义敦岛弧北段,主体为粗粒似斑状黑云母钾长-二长花岗岩,岩体东侧与南西侧发育小面积的细粒含斑黑云母二长花岗岩与含条纹长石斑晶花岗闪长岩.本文对雀儿山复式花岗岩体进行了主微量元素,锆石U-Pb年龄与Hf同位素研究.结果显示粗粒似斑状黑云母钾长-二长花岗岩,细粒含斑黑云母二长花岗岩高SiO2(73.5%~77.7%),高碱(全碱6.9%~8.5%),高Ga/Al比值(2.6~3.4),低Al2O3(11.8%~14.5%),低CaO(0.25%~1.5%),低MgO(0.18%~0.69%),亏损Ba,Sr和Eu,具较高形成温度等均表现出A型花岗岩的特征.两者野外接触关系以及锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(105.9±1.3)和(102.6±1.1)Ma,均表明粗粒似斑状黑云母钾长-二长花岗岩形成略早,为两期A型岩浆活动.含条纹长石斑晶花岗闪长岩则相对低SiO2、低碱、高Al2O3、高CaO和高MgO,矿物组合等均表现出I型花岗岩的特征,与早期A型花岗岩的包裹关系显示I型花岗质岩浆活动可能要早于A型花岗质岩浆活动.因此,雀儿山花岗岩体为三期岩浆事件形成的复式花岗岩体.早期A型花岗岩与晚期A型花岗岩176Hf/177Hf比值分别变化在0.282692~0.282749和0.282685~0.282765,εHf(t)值变化在-0.56~1.43和-0.87~1.90,TDM2变化在1.04~1.22和1.07~1.2 Ga,显示两者源区具有相似性.均一的Hf同位素组成,结合野外未见到岩浆混合的标志-暗色微粒包体,表明源区没有或很少的地幔物质加入,其源岩可能为分布于扬子西北缘的康定杂岩,义敦岛弧下可能具有亲扬子的元古宙结晶基底.雀儿山A型花岗岩的形成可能为班公湖-怒江特提斯洋闭合在义敦岛弧区的响应. 相似文献
4.
澜沧江南段早中生代酸性火成岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年及构造意义 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
应用SHRIMP方法对澜沧江南段临沧花岗岩体和云县忙怀组流纹岩代表性样品进行了精确的SHRIMP锆石 U-Pb定年研究. 临沧岩体北段黑云母二长花岗岩(02DX-137)锆石年龄为229.4±3.0 Ma, 南段景洪地区黑云母二长花岗岩(20JH-10)锆石年龄为 230.4±3.6 Ma, 两者在误差范围具有一致的年龄, 可能代表了临沧花岗岩体主体的形成年龄. 云县棉花地忙怀组上段的流纹岩样品(02DX-95)给出了231.0±5.0 Ma的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄. 这些资料为理解滇西古特提斯构造演化提供了重要信息. 临沧岩体南段黑云母花岗岩中存在1977±44 Ma锆石年龄, 表明区内可能存在着早元古代结晶基底. 相似文献
5.
近年来,针对秦岭造山带晚三叠世花岗岩体侵位机制的巨大争议,一些研究采用磁组构方法分析了岩体的内部组构特征及其与区域构造的关系,提出了具有重要意义的新认识.然而,目前这些研究均缺乏对岩体磁组构本质意义的分析,利用该方法约束岩体内部组构的可靠性并不十分清晰.针对这一问题,本文以秦岭造山带内具典型代表性意义的晚三叠世糜署岭花岗岩体为例,开展了该岩体的磁组构、岩石磁学、矿物形态组构和显微构造的综合研究.结果表明,糜署岭岩体的磁化率总体较低,属钛铁矿系列花岗岩.绝大部分样品的磁化率受控于顺磁性的黑云母等铁镁硅酸盐矿物,部分高磁化率样品包含了少量多畴磁铁矿等铁磁性组分的贡献,且随磁化率增大,铁磁性组分的贡献更为明显.样品的磁组构也主要是黑云母组构或由黑云母与磁铁矿的亚组构复合而成.由于样品中磁铁矿含量较低且与黑云母密切共生,磁组构与黑云母形态组构基本一致,因此,黑云母与磁铁矿的亚组构基本共轴.糜署岭岩体的磁组构本质上等同于黑云母组构,反映了黑云母等页硅酸盐矿物在岩体中的分布,可以有效的指示岩体的内部构造特征.宏观和显微构造观察还显示,糜署岭岩体的内部组构形成于岩浆侵位的晚期阶段,叠加了同岩浆期区域构造的关键信息,是从岩体构造角度开展区域构造演化的良好载体. 相似文献
6.
《中国科学:地球科学》2017,(7)
青藏高原地壳不同区域电导率存在着较大的差异,而花岗岩是青藏高原地壳的主要组成岩石,通过高温高压下研究花岗岩的电导率对于认识青藏高原电性结构的差异具有重要的意义.本研究在1.0GPa压力下,通过实验测量了西藏亚东地区白云母花岗岩577~996K温度范围内以及拉萨地区黑云母花岗岩587~1382K温度范围内的电导率,结果发现含白云母花岗岩低温(577~919K)下的活化焓为0.92eV,高温(919~996K)下的活化焓为2.16eV;而黑云母花岗岩在低温(587~990K)下的活化焓为0.48eV,在高温(990~1382K)下的活化焓为2.06eV.两种花岗岩不同温度段活化焓的变化可能与花岗岩中的白云母和黑云母脱水有关.将花岗岩样品实测电导率与采样点附近的野外观测结果相比较,发现二者在电导率数值及变化趋势上比较接近,预示着这两个地区上地壳导电性可能与花岗岩关系密切.通过有效介质模型及HS边界模型计算了白云母花岗岩和黑云母花岗岩混合模型的电导率,并与青藏高原南部地壳的电导率进行了比较,结果显示大地电磁电导率结果大部分位于岩石混合模型电导率结果范围内,青藏高原南部地壳电性结构特征能用花岗岩来解释,其底部大范围的高导现象可能与花岗岩中含水矿物的脱水有关. 相似文献
7.
大别山中生代地壳从挤压转向伸展的时间:花岗岩的证据 总被引：36，自引：1，他引：36
采用颗粒级锆石U-Pb定年和角闪石-黑云母的Ar-Ar定年方法, 测得大别山超高压变质带内刘家洼高Sr/Y花岗岩的结晶锆石年龄为135.4 ± 2.7 Ma, 分流铺高Sr/Y花岗岩的角闪石和黑云母的40Ar-39Ar坪年龄分别为139.0 ± 1.0和125.3 ± 0.2 Ma. 这些岩体侵位之后, 又有与伸展作用有关的铁镁质岩体和具负Sr和Eu异常的花岗岩类侵入, 其同位素年龄在105~130 Ma之间. 两类花岗岩的地球化学对比表明, 从早到晚, 岩石的碱性增强, K2O含量升高, FeO/(FeO + MgO)比值增大, Sr/Y比值降低, 表明从早到晚地壳岩浆房深度变浅. 从早白垩世开始的地壳尺度的流变学分层以及地壳岩石的熔融与流动, 促进了地壳伸展作用和深埋岩石剥露. 形成于135 Ma前的高Sr/Y花岗岩, 是加厚地壳开始减薄以及地壳从挤压向伸展转换过程的产物. 相似文献
8.
大别山南、北坡花岗岩风化作用的差异及其构造、气候环境意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对大别山南、北坡燕山期花岗岩风化壳研究表明: 南坡司空山黑云母二长花岗岩风化壳为剥蚀型风化壳, 在水解作用以及酸性介质条件下脱碱、钙、硅和富铝, 主要矿物学演化是长石、黑云母风化蚀变为伊利石→(蛭石→1.4 nm过渡矿物)→高岭石→多水高岭石. 北坡河棚黑云母正长花岗岩风化壳为稳定型风化壳, 在氧化作用以及弱酸偏中性介质条件下无硅的淋失、富铁和非晶化作用显著, 主要矿物学演化是长石、黑云母转变为蒙脱石、多水高岭石→非晶质. 这些结果显示, 大别山南、北坡风化作用的差异可能与气候条件和构造运动的差异有关, 即, 南坡高温多雨, 淋溶强烈, 土壤处于酸性环境, 经历过构造抬升; 北坡高温少雨, 淋溶较弱, 土壤处于弱酸偏中性环境. 相似文献
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花岗岩化学风化过程中的Sr同位素演化——矿物相对风化速率的影响 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
对江西南部黑云母花岗岩和花岗斑岩风化剖面中Sr同位素体系的研究结果显示,花岗岩化学风化过程中,Rb,Sr之间发生明显分异,风化早期释放出的Sr/Si,Sr/Ca比值大于母岩值,Sr的淋失速率大于Si,Ca,K,Rb等营养离子.主要含Sr(和Rb)矿物相对风化速率的动态变化,导致花岗岩风化壳及其释放出Sr的87Sr/86Sr比值随时间波动变化黑云母、斜长石和钾长石的先后风化,导致风化残余物的87Sr/86Sr比值历经下降-升高-下降的波动变化,最终趋于稳定.这进一步说明,当用锶同位素示踪流域和全球范围的生物地球化学过程时,必须慎重考虑Sr从溶解固相中的优先释放以及含Sr矿物相对风化速率的变化导致的87Sr/86Sr比值的波动. 相似文献
11.
In this paper, the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport, such as precipitation depth, discharge, and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed, a trend analysis on sediment concentration, precipitation depth, and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations （CSs）, as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations （GSs） are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The rtmoff modulus （defined as the annual average discharge per unit area, L/（s·km^2）） and the sediment transport modulus （defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area, t/（yr km^2）） are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m^3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m^3. However, the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m^3 and occurs in July, which has an average discharge of 42.6 m^3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August, the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is largest in February and then decreases until June. In July, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load approaches another peak and decreases until September. Then, the median grain size of suspended load starts to increase until February of the following year. However, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Yellow River at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs is the smallest between early summer and late fall The median grain size in the Yellow River starts to increase in November and approaches the largest size in January. 相似文献
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3He/4He ratios up to 3.5 times the ratio of atmospheric He were found in groundwater samples. The3He enrichment can be attributed to radiogenic3He produced by in-situ beta-decay of3H. This shows that tritiogenic3He is accumulating in confined waters. From tritiogenic3He and3H concentrations, ages of groundwaters can be calculated. Detection of tritiogenic3He gives a tool to trace a tritium contamination which occurred in the past and cannot be assessed only by the3H counting method. 相似文献
14.
The aim of this study is to estimate likely changes in flood indices under a future climate and to assess the uncertainty in these estimates for selected catchments in Poland. Precipitation and temperature time series from climate simulations from the EURO-CORDEX initiative for the periods 1971–2000, 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 following the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios have been used to produce hydrological simulations based on the HBV hydrological model. As the climate model outputs for Poland are highly biased, post processing in the form of bias correction was first performed so that the climate time series could be applied in hydrological simulations at a catchment-scale. The results indicate that bias correction significantly improves flow simulations and estimated flood indices based on comparisons with simulations from observed climate data for the control period. The estimated changes in the mean annual flood and in flood quantiles under a future climate indicate a large spread in the estimates both within and between the catchments. An ANOVA analysis was used to assess the relative contributions of the 2 emission scenarios, the 7 climate models and the 4 bias correction methods to the total spread in the projected changes in extreme river flow indices for each catchment. The analysis indicates that the differences between climate models generally make the largest contribution to the spread in the ensemble of the three factors considered. The results for bias corrected data show small differences between the four bias correction methods considered, and, in contrast with the results for uncorrected simulations, project increases in flood indices for most catchments under a future climate. 相似文献
15.
Observations of trace gases (SO2, NH3, NO2 and O3) were made during the period 1981 to 1984 at 6 different locations representative of urban industrial, urban, nonurban, thermal power plant and marine environment. Diurnal variations of the trace gases were studied in an urban environment. Except in the urban industrial environment, the concentration of NH3 was found in the range of background values. Also, the average concentrations of NO2 and O3 at the different environments were in the order of background values. However, the concentrations of SO2 were substantially higher by about 7 times, in urban industrial and thermal power plant environments. The diurnal variations of SO2, NH3 and NO2 showed anitphase relationship with surface temperature at the urban environment station which is relatively free of industrial pollution. Discussion is centred on trace gas variations in different environments in India together with the values reported for various countries in the world. 相似文献
16.
Changes in thermal extremes of the climate of Poland in 1951–2010 are examined. Warm extremes have become more frequent, while cold extremes have become less frequent. In the warming climate of Poland, the increase in the number of extremely warm days in a year and the decrease in the number of extremely cold days in a year have been observed. Also the increase of the maximum number of consecutive hot days in a year and the decrease of the maximum number of consecutive very cold and extremely cold days in a year have been observed. However, the trends are not of ubiquitous statistic significance, as the natural variability is strong. 相似文献
17.
Cu concentrations in surface (river and lake) and subsurface waters are determined. The geographic pattern of Cu distribution in natural water is identified. This pattern is controlled by the difference between its concentrations in drained rocks and soils and the geochemical redox conditions of its migration. Territories with low, medium, and elevated Cu concentrations in natural waters are identified. The concentrations of Cu in natural waters of the region are found to be generally lower than the Clarke values. 相似文献
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M. MONIRUL QADER MIRZA 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5):613-631
Abstract The basin area of the Ganges River in Bangladesh is extremely dependent on a regular water supply from upstream to meet requirements for agriculture, fisheries, navigation, salinity control, and domestic and industrial sectors. In 1975, India commissioned a barrage on the Ganges River at Farakka to divert a significant portion of the dry season flow in order to make the Calcutta Port navigable. Statistical analyses of discharge and water level data have been carried out to determine if significant changes have occurred in the hydrology of the Ganges system in Bangladesh in the post-Farakka period. Siltation of the Gorai River (an offtake of the Ganges River) has also been examined using the stage-discharge relationship and regression analysis. The analyses show that the diversion has caused considerable hydrological changes in the Ganges system in Bangladesh. The water supply in the dry season has been reduced substantially, while siltation of the Gorai River has increased significantly. 相似文献
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Ingvar B. Fridleifsson 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,117(1-2):242-252
In an active spreading area like Iceland, where the regional geothermal gradient is in the range 50–150°C/km, it is normally not a problem to find high enough temperature with deep drilling, but the difficulties arise with finding permeable layers at depth within the strata. Various volcanological methods can be applied in the search for aquifers and geothermal reservoir rocks. The flow pattern (as deduced from deuterium studies) indicates that the thermal water flows preferentially along high porosity stratiform horizons and dyke swarms from the recharge areas in the highlands to the hot spring areas in the lowlands. The primary porosity of the volcanic strata is dependent on the chemical composition and the mode of eruption of the volcanic units. Both the reservoir rocks and the flow channels forming the geothermal plumbing system are thought to vary from the Tertiary to the Quaternary provinces due to environmental conditions at the eruptive sites. 相似文献