共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 734 毫秒
1.
《应用地球物理》2019,(4)
无网格有限差分法能有效提高数值模拟的几何灵活性,且无需网格映射或复杂的网格生成过程。RBF-FD (基于径向基函数的有限差分)是最常用的无网格有限差分法之一,可以准确模拟地震波在非矩形计算域中的传播。本文提出适于弹性波方程无网格有限差分数值解的PML (完全匹配层)吸收边界条件,可以应用于非矩形速度模型的边界。但是PML吸收边界对近掠射波、低频波的吸收效果不好。为此,我们继续提出适于弹性波方程无网格有限差分数值解的CFS-PML(复频移完全匹配层)吸收边界条件。本文所提两种边界条件均是通过构造辅助微分方程,得到不分裂时域表达式,具有存储量小、便于编程实现的特点。模拟结果表明,两种PML吸收边界条件都能有效地消除无网格有限差分数值模拟的人工边界反射。此外,本文所提CFS-PML相较PML对近掠射波和损耗波的吸收效果更好。 相似文献
2.
Rayleigh面波的频散特性可以用来研究地表浅层结构. 本文使用时域有限差分法来模拟复杂黏弹性介质中的Rayleigh面波,研究了Q值对面波频散特性的影响.文中采用旋转交错网格有限差分,以非分裂卷积形式的完全匹配层为吸收边界,推出了求解二阶位移-应力各向同性黏弹性波动方程的数值方法.为了检验数值解的精度,首先将简单模型的正演结果与解析解对比,验证了方法的正确性;然后模拟了横向缓变层状介质和含有洞穴的介质中的面波,对弹性和黏弹性介质中的面波的频散特性进行对比分析.模拟结果表明浅层Q值对面波的频散特性有显著的影响;强吸收情况下,高阶面波的能量相对低阶面波能量显著增强. 相似文献
3.
完全匹配层吸收边界在地震波模拟中已广泛使用,但常用的场分裂格式完全匹配层吸收边界(SPML)和传统的不分裂完全匹配层吸收边界(NPML)对极低频入射波或大角度入射波的边界吸收效果不好.一种无需分裂和显式卷积计算的完全匹配层吸收边界(CPML)不仅能够解决常规PML吸收边界的不足,而且具有存储量小、计算效率高、易于编程实现的特点.本文将这种完全匹配层(CPML)吸收边界引入到孔隙弹性介质速度-应力格式的旋转交错网格有限差分算法中,对完全匹配层吸收边界参数进行数值分析,得到一组优化的参数.孔隙弹性介质数值模拟结果表明这种不分裂卷积完全匹配层的吸收效果优于常规完全匹配层. 相似文献
4.
《地球物理学进展》2015,(1)
在应用有限差分法地震波场数值模拟过程中,模拟精度和计算效率是关键问题之一,特别是对于速度变化剧烈的含小尺度地质体的数值模拟尤为重要.为了既能精细刻画介质的局部结构,又能保证模拟的时效性,本文在传统交错网格有限差分算法的基础上,将变网格有限差分方法引入到交错网格高阶差分数值模拟中,对交错网格空间算法进行了改进,并避免了因插值因素影响模拟精度和计算效率.本文采用完全匹配层吸收边界条件实现对可变网格数值模拟的边界处理,根据完全匹配层吸收边界原理和参量的分裂思想,在不同的方向分别加相应的阻尼衰减因子,解决边界的反射问题.此外还分析了数值频散对于模拟结果的影响.文中分别设计了地堑和生物礁两个介质模型对可变交错网格算法的有效性和稳定性进行了验证.数值模拟结果表明,可变交错网格有限差分算法数值模拟能够对地下介质物性的空间变化进行准确刻画,进一步增强数值模拟对复杂介质的适应性,同时为地震数据的波场成像、纵横波联合解释等提供可靠依据. 相似文献
5.
本文基于Kjartansson常Q模型理论，推导了常Q衰减介质中黏声波和黏弹性波的速度-应力方程，并采用基于二项式窗函数的优化交错网格有限差分方法进行了数值模拟，同时引入不分裂的复频移卷积完全匹配层(CPML)吸收边界条件，以消除边界反射.使用基于自适应时间步长记忆方法的中心差分近似时间分数阶导数，与常用的短时记忆方法相比，提高了波动方程的离散化精度和计算效率.通过对比均匀模型下声波的数值解与解析解，验证了算法的精确性，并进一步分析了不同品质因子下地震波的频散及衰减特征.对BP盐丘模型的数值模拟结果可以较好地反映本文数值方法对复杂介质的适应性及频散压制效果. 相似文献
6.
《地震工程与工程振动》2016,(2)
在波动方程有限差分波场数值模拟中,为了使计算得到的边界波场值更接近于真实的边界波场值,需要使用边界条件以减少来自计算区域边界的人为反射能量。传统的分裂式完全匹配层(SPML)吸收边界条件不能有效吸收掠射波,后来发展的不分裂卷积完全匹配层(CPML)能够较好地处理这个问题,并且CPML在处理边界问题时无需对波场进行非物理分裂。本文针对Kelvin-Voigt模型的黏弹性介质,采用高阶交错网格有限差分方法进行数值模拟,同时利用CPML吸收边界条件进行边界处理。数值模拟结果表明:与弹性波相比,大角度入射产生的低频掠射波对黏弹性波的影响更大;CPML吸收边界条件对低频掠射波的吸收效果比传统的SPML吸收边界条件更好。 相似文献
7.
有限差分方法是波场数值模拟的一个重要方法,但常规的有限差分法本身存在着数值频散问题，会降低波场模拟的精度与分辨率，为了克服常规差分算子的数值频散，本文采用25点优化差分算子，再根据最优化理论求取的优化系数，建立了频率空间域中弹性波波动方程的差分格式；为了消除边界反射，引入最佳匹配层，构造了各向同性介质中弹性波方程在不同边界和角点处的边界条件. 最后由弹性波波动方程和边界条件，通过频率域有限差分法，分别利用不同震源对弹性波在均匀各向同性介质、层状介质及凹陷模型中的传播过程进行了数值正演模拟，得到了单频波波场、时间切片和共炮点道集，为下一步的研究工作（如成像、反演）提供了研究基础. 相似文献
8.
SH波场中完全匹配层吸收边界研究(英文) 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
无限域中的波动方程数值模拟往往需要稳定有效的吸收边界来消除人为边界截断所引起的虚假反射.本文首先写出了全匹配层(PML)内SH波的波动方程推导结果,并给出了方程的Crank-Nicolson计算格式与其中窄间导数2阶,6阶,10阶精度的有限差分算法以及伪谱法算法.然后设计了均匀各向同性介质模型和分层溶洞模型并引入图像处理中的信噪比(SNR)概念来定量研究边界吸收效果同PML宽度、不同精度算法的关系.数值结果表明当匹配层宽度比较薄时可以用低精度的有限差格式来获得比较好的吸收效果,当匹配层比较宽时,采用高精度的算法可以获得很好的吸收效果.最后对"反射系数"进行了讨论,指出"反射系数"的不足和文中用SNR来定量衡量吸收边界 相似文献
9.
传统有限差分系数是通过泰勒级数展开求取的，这样导致所计算的频散曲线在大波数区域会产生较强的数值误差.针对二阶空间偏导数的显式有限差分离散，本文发展了一种新的优化差分系数方法：首先将泰勒级数展开与多点采样方法结合应用于空间频散关系，基于最大范数建立直观有效的优化目标函数，采用Remez算法求解该目标函数，从而获得最优化差分系数.利用优化有限差分方法求解三维垂直对称轴横向各向同性（VTI）介质中的声波和弹性波方程.另外，本文将二维混合吸收边界条件推广到三维VTI介质中，用于吸收人工截断边界反射；基于各向异性特征，合理调整了边界区域的速度值来提高吸收效果.考虑到三维情况下计算效率的问题，本文波场外推过程中采用图形处理器（GPU）取代传统的中央处理器（CPU）.数值精度分析表明，相比较于传统的泰勒级数展开方法，优化有限差分方法在大波数区域对频散误差的压制效果更明显.在三维均匀和修改的Hess VTI模型中的数值模拟实验证明了本文方法具有更高的精度与效率，混合吸收边界条件在三维VTI介质中具有良好的边界吸收效果. 相似文献
10.
以Carcione黏弹各向异性理论为基础,给出了适用于黏弹性具有任意倾斜对称轴横向各向同性介质(黏弹TTI介质)的二维三分量一阶速度-应力方程,采用旋转交错网格任意偶数阶精度有限差分格式求解该方程,并推导出了二维黏弹TTI介质完全匹配层(PML)吸收边界条件公式和相应的旋转交错网格任意偶数阶精度有限差分格式,实现了该类介质的地震波场数值模拟.数值模拟结果表明:该方法模拟精度高,边界吸收效果好,可以得到高精度的波场快照和合成记录;并且波场快照和合成记录能较好地反映地下介质的各向异性特征和黏弹性特征. 相似文献
11.
Perfectly matched layer-absorbing boundary condition for finite-element time-domain modeling of elastic wave equations 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The perfectly matched layer (PML) is a highly efficient absorbing boundary condition used for the numerical modeling of seismic wave equation. The article focuses on the application of this technique to finite-element time-domain numerical modeling of elastic wave equation. However, the finite-element time-domain scheme is based on the second-order wave equation in displacement formulation. Thus, the first-order PML in velocity-stress formulation cannot be directly applied to this scheme. In this article, we derive the finite-element matrix equations of second-order PML in displacement formulation, and accomplish the implementation of PML in finite-element time-domain modeling of elastic wave equation. The PML has an approximate zero reflection coefficients for bulk and surface waves in the finite-element modeling of P-SV and SH wave propagation in the 2D homogeneous elastic media. The numerical experiments using a two-layer model with irregular topography validate the efficiency of PML in the modeling of seismic wave propagation in geological models with complex structures and heterogeneous media. 相似文献
12.
THE APPLICATION OF PML BOUNDARY CODITIONS IN THE SIMULATION OF SEISMIC WAVE BY THE HIGH-ORDER STAGGERED-GRID FINITE DIFFERENCES AT THE TRANSVERSELY ISOTROPIC MEDIA 
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下载免费PDF全文 In the realm of the numerical simulation, finite difference method and finite element method are more intuitive and effective than other simulation methods. In the process of simulating seismic wave propagation, the finite differences method is widely used because of its high computational efficiency and the advantage of the algorithm is more efficient. With the demand of precision, more and more researchers have proposed more effective methods of finite differences, such as the high-order staggered-grid finite differences method, which can restore the actual process of wave propagation on the premise of ensuring accuracy and improving the efficiency of operation. In the past numerical simulation of seismic wave field, different models of isotropic medium are mostly used, but it is difficult to reflect the true layer situation. With the research demand of natural seismology and seismic exploration, the research on anisotropic media is more and more extensive. Transversely isotropic(TI)media can well simulate the seismic wave propagation in the formation medium, such as gas-bearing sandstone, mudstone, shale et al., the character of TI media is reflected by introducing the Thomsen parameters to reflect its weak anisotropy of vertical direction by using Thomson parameter. Therefore, studying the process of seismic wave propagation in TI media can restore the true information of the formation to the greatest extent, and provide a more reliable simulation basis for the numerical simulation of seismic wave propagation. In the geodynamic simulation and the numerical simulation of the seismic wave field, under the limited influence of the calculation area, if no boundary conditions are added, a strong artificial boundary reflection will be generated, which greatly reduces the validity of the simulation. In order to minimize the influence of model boundaries on the reflection of seismic waves, it is often necessary to introduce absorbing boundary conditions. At present, there are three types of absorption boundary conditions: one-way wave absorption boundary, attenuation absorption boundary, and perfectly matched layer(PML)absorption boundary. In terms of numerical simulation of seismic waves, the boundary absorption effect of PML is stronger than the first two, which is currently the most commonly used method, and it also represents the cutting-edge development direction of absorption boundary technology. The perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary is effectively applied to eliminating the reflective waves from model boundaries, but for transversely isotropic medium, the effect of the absorbing is not very well. For this reason, the elastic dynamic wave equations in transversely isotropic media are derived, and we describe a second-order accurate time, tenth-order accurate space, formulation of the Madariaga-Virieux staggered-grid finite difference methods with the perfectly matched layer(PML)are given. In addition, we have established vertical transversely isotropic(VTI)media and arbitrary inclined tilted transversely isotropic(TTI)media models, using a uniform half-space velocity model and a two-layer velocity model, respectively. By combining the actual geoscience background, we set the corresponding parameters and simulation conditions in order to make our model more research-oriented. When setting model parameters, different PML thickness, incident angle, source frequency and velocity layer models were transformed to verify the inhibition of boundary reflection effect by PML absorption boundary layer. The implementations of this simulation show that the formula is correct and for the transversely isotropic(TI)media of any angular symmetry axis, when the thickness of the PML layer reaches a certain value, the seismic wave reflection effect generated by the artificial boundary can be well suppressed, and the absorption effect of PML is not subject to changes in incident angle and wave frequency. Therefore, the results of our study indicate that our research method can be used to simulate the propagation process of seismic waves in the transversely isotropic(TI)media without being affected by the reflected waves at the model boundary to restore the actual formation information and more valuable geological research. 相似文献
13.
A staggered-grid high-order finite-difference modeling for elastic wave field in arbitrary tilt anisotropic media 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Introduction The real Earth usually presents anisotropy. Therefore, it is of theoretical and practical sig- nificance for many fields as oil and gas, seismic exploration and production, earthquake prediction, detection of deep structure and so on to study on seismic wave theory, numerical simulation method and its applications in the anisotropic media (Crampin, 1981, 1984; Crampin et al, 1986; Hudson et al, 1996; Liu et al, 1997; Thomsen, 1986, 1995; TENG et al, 1992; HE and ZHANG, 1996)… 相似文献
14.
给出了任意倾斜各向异性介质中二维三分量一阶应力速度弹性波方程交错网格任意偶数阶精度有限差分格式及其稳定性条件,并推导出了二维任意倾斜各向异性介质完全匹配吸收层法边界条件公式和相应的交错网格任意偶数阶精度差分格式. 数值模拟结果表明,该方法模拟精度高,计算效率高,边界吸收效果好. 各向异性介质中弹性波波前面形态复杂, 且qP波波速不总是比qS波波速快. qS波波前面和同相轴的三分叉现象普遍, 且其同相轴一般不是双曲线型. 当TI介质倾斜时,3个分量上均能够观测到横波分裂现象, 而且各波形的同相轴变得不对称. 相似文献
15.
Scattering attenuation in short wavelengths has long been interesting to geophysicists. Ultrasonic coda waves, observed as the tail portion of ultrasonic wavetrains in laboratory ultrasonic measurements, are important for such studies where ultrasonic waves interact with small-scale random heterogeneities on a scale of micrometers, but often ignored as noises because of the contamination of boundary reflections from the side ends of a sample core. Numerical simulations with accurate absorbing boundary can provide insight into the effect of boundary reflections on coda waves in laboratory experiments. The simulation of wave propagation in digital and heterogeneous porous cores really challenges numerical techniques by digital image of poroelastic properties, numerical dispersion at high frequency and strong heterogeneity, and accurate absorbing boundary schemes at grazing incidence. To overcome these difficulties, we present a staggered-grid high-order finite-difference (FD) method of Biot’s poroelastic equations, with an arbitrary even-order (2L) accuracy to simulate ultrasonic wave propagation in digital porous cores with strong heterogeneity. An unsplit convolutional perfectly matched layer (CPML) absorbing boundary, which improves conventional PML methods at grazing incidence with less memory and better computational efficiency, is employed in the simulation to investigate the influence of boundary reflections on ultrasonic coda waves. Numerical experiments with saturated poroelastic media demonstrate that the 2L FD scheme with the CPML for ultrasonic wave propagation significantly improves stability conditions at strong heterogeneity and absorbing performance at grazing incidence. The boundary reflections from the artificial boundary surrounding the digital core decay fast with the increase of CPML thicknesses, almost disappearing at the CPML thickness of 15 grids. Comparisons of the resulting ultrasonic coda Q sc values between the numerical and experimental ultrasonic S waveforms for a cylindrical rock sample demonstrate that the boundary reflection may contribute around one-third of the ultrasonic coda attenuation observed in laboratory experiments. 相似文献
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17.
Xin Liu Yang Liu Zhi-Ming Ren Xiao-Hui Cai Bei Li Shi-Gang Xu Le-Kai Zhou 《应用地球物理》2017,14(2):270-278
Edge reflections are inevitable in numerical modeling of seismic wavefields, and they are usually attenuated by absorbing boundary conditions. However, the commonly used perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary condition requires special treatment for the absorbing zone, and in three-dimensional (3D) modeling, it has to split each variable into three corresponding variables, which increases the computing time and memory storage. In contrast, the hybrid absorbing boundary condition (HABC) has the advantages such as ease of implementation, less computation time, and near-perfect absorption; it is thus able to enhance the computational efficiency of 3D elastic wave modeling. In this study, a HABC is developed from two-dimensional (2D) modeling into 3D modeling based on the 1st Higdon one way wave equations, and a HABC is proposed that is suitable for a 3D elastic wave numerical simulation. Numerical simulation results for a homogenous model and a complex model indicate that the proposed HABC method is more effective and has better absorption than the traditional PML method. 相似文献
18.
弹性波正演模拟中改进的非分裂式PML实现方法(英文) 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
在弹性波有限差分正演模拟中,吸收边界条件常用来吸收截断边界处引入的不期望边界反射,其中完全匹配层(PML)吸收边界条件被认为是目前最理想的吸收边界条件。但是PML吸收边界条件的传统实现却存在着很大不足:全局分裂式PML吸收边界条件实现简单但是需要占用太多内存;局部分裂式PML吸收边界条件需要考虑多个边界和角点区域,编程实现非常复杂;非分裂式PML吸收边界条件由于涉及卷积运算,计算量很大。本文基于非分裂式PML吸收边界条件,结合复频移伸展函数,提出了一种新的数值实现方法,其计算方程简单、占用内存小、编程实现容易,是对PML介质理论数值实现的改进和完善。 相似文献
19.
Application of the nearly perfectly matched layer for seismic wave propagation in 2D homogeneous isotropic media 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jingyi Chen 《Geophysical Prospecting》2011,59(4):662-672
Numerical modelling plays an important role in helping us understand the characteristics of seismic wave propagation. The presence of spurious reflections from the boundaries of the truncated computational domain is a prominent problem in finite difference computations. The nearly perfectly matched layer has been proven to be a very effective boundary condition to absorb outgoing waves in both electromagnetic and acoustic media. In this paper, the nearly perfectly matched layer technique is applied to elastic isotropic media to further test the method's absorbing ability. The staggered‐grid finite‐difference method (fourth‐order accuracy in space and second‐order accuracy in time) is used in the numerical simulation of seismic wave propagation in 2D Cartesian coordinates. In the numerical tests, numerical comparisons between the nearly perfectly matched layer and the convolutional perfectly matched layer, which is considered the best absorbing layer boundary condition, is also provided. Three numerical experiments demonstrate that the nearly perfectly matched layer has a similar performance to the convolutional perfectly matched layer and can be a valuable alternative to other absorbing layer boundary conditions. 相似文献
20.
We derive a governing second-order acoustic wave equation in the time domain with a perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition for general inhomogeneous media. Besides, a new scheme to solve the perfectly matched layer equation for absorbing reflections from the model boundaries based on the rapid expansion method is proposed. The suggested scheme can be easily applied to a wide class of wave equations and numerical methods for seismic modelling. The absorbing boundary condition method is formulated based on the split perfectly matched layer method and we employ the rapid expansion method to solve the derived new perfectly matched layer equation. The use of the rapid expansion method allows us to extrapolate wavefields with a time step larger than the ones commonly used by traditional finite-difference schemes in a stable way and free of dispersion noise. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the proposed perfectly matched layer scheme, numerical modelling examples are also presented. The numerical results obtained with the put forward perfectly matched layer scheme are compared with results from traditional attenuation absorbing boundary conditions and enlarged models as well. The analysis of the numerical results indicates that the proposed perfectly matched layer scheme is significantly effective and more efficient in absorbing spurious reflections from the model boundaries. 相似文献