共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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在反射地震转换波资料处理中,准确求取共转换点一直是一个难题,采用叠前时间偏移技术能避免共转换点道集的抽取,而且能够使转换波归位到真正的反射点上,实现准确成像.本文针对火山岩地震屏蔽层的转换波成像问题,通过对转换波共近似转换点道集进行速度分析,建立了转换波叠前时间偏移的初始速度场,通过速度扫描和纵、横波速度比值扫描确定最佳的偏移速度场和纵、横波速度比值,实现了在火山岩高速层覆盖区域的转换波偏移成像.实际资料的成像结果表明,本文采用的近似转换点计算以及转换波叠前时间偏移方法是有效的. 相似文献
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转换波共转换点的叠加和道集选取都需要准确地计算转换点的位置.Tessmer和Behle、Taylor分别给出了水平单层介质中P SV转换波转换点坐标的解析解,由于其表达式的复杂性,在应用中几乎不被采用.在本文中,运用Snell定律重新建立了在水平反射界面上反射的P SV转换波的转换点坐标的四次方程,并严格地推导出与纵波速度、横波速度、炮检距和反射深度有关的转换点坐标的解析解,确定了惟一的解析表达式.将这一结果应用于P SV转换波的速度分析和叠加处理中.简化的公式有较好的应用价值. 相似文献
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三维三分量(3D3C)陆地反射PS转换波共中心点(CMP)叠加成像方法,虽然抽道集简单,但是对实际资料处理结果往往不理想.尤其当反射界面为三维倾斜界面时,其成像质量较差.本文提出有三个主要因素影响其成像质量:第一,转换点离散.运用实例计算得出,转换点离散度随着纵横波速度比、偏移距和界面倾角的增大而增大.相同界面倾角,不同测线方位的转换点离散度不同,视倾角的绝对值越大离散度也越大;第二,道集内静校正量差异增大.CMP道集中,由于转换点离散使得转换点横向跨度较大,经倾斜界面反射转换的S波出射到近地表地层时的角度差异也较大,导致静校突出;第三,加大动校叠加复杂性.三维倾斜界面PS波CMP道集近炮检距时距方程可表示为双曲形式,但是曲线的顶点位置和动校速度同时随测线方位变化,使得CMP道集同相轴很难校平,动校叠加过程很复杂. 相似文献
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利用转换波速度分析拾取的横波速度是转换波共转换点（Common Conversion Point简称CCP）叠加技术中很重要的参数.它的拾取难度在于转换波时距关系在中—浅层或大偏移距情况下误差明显增大，以及在相邻薄反射层上叠加速度谱分辨率很低.本文对选择相关速度谱分析技术进行了研究，即在速度分析中不是利用所有道集，而是有选择的利用部分（可调）道集进行速度分析，研制了相应的实用软件.理论模型和实际资料均表明，该方法在中—浅层或大偏移距情况下，比传统方法有较大改善，分辨率明显提高，能大大提高速度谱估算的精度. 相似文献
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从水平叠加成像、叠前时间偏移以及叠前深度偏移三个方面总结了多分量地震成像技术的发展现状.在水平叠加成像方面,分析了转换波与纵波在道集抽取方面的差异,总结了常用的转换点计算公式,着重对比了由炮检坐标映射地下的转换点以及由地表的网格节点映射地下的反射点两种共转换点道集抽取方式各自的优缺点以及应用化程度.概述了各向同性与各向异性叠前时间偏移技术的基本原理,总结了多分量偏移技术发展以及配套软件的工业应用现状,并对最近发展的层匹配多分量偏移技术进行了介绍.最后,从射线理论以及波场延拓理论的角度总结了多分量叠前深度偏移的发展现状与存在的问题,介绍了标量偏移与矢量偏移的差异,并提出了深度域速度建模存在的问题. 相似文献
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为了实现三维倾斜界面真正的共反射点叠加,获得更加精确的P波速度模型,进行可靠的AVO/AVA分析,形成与三维多分量PS转换波共转换点道集配套的技术,在常速介质共反射点精确走时的基础上,推导并给出三维倾斜界面P波共反射点道集近似双曲时距关系及NMO速度;认识到近似时距在偏移距与深度比小于2时具有较高的拟合精度;指出P波共反射点道集NMO速度是P波速度、界面倾角、界面倾向和测线方位的函数,且随测线方位变化而呈现椭圆特征.与P波共中心点道集NMO速度不同.P波共反射点道集NMO速度小于介质速度.且随界面倾角增大而减小;椭圆长轴方向为倾斜界面走向方位,短轴方向为倾斜界面倾向方位. 相似文献
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P－SV转换波的一种处理方法─叠前抽道集法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用纵波和横波的迭加速度资料来计算Ｐ－ＳＶ波勘探中转换点的近似位置。再按转换点对Ｐ－ＳＶ波重新抽道集，得到可与反射资料ＣＭＰ道集相兼容的时间剖面图。利用理论模型对上述方法进行了可靠性检验，并用该方法对实际资料作了处理。同时还得到了实际资料的Ｐ波和Ｐ－ＳＶ波的彩色振幅比剖面图。结果表明：采用改进的叠前抽道集法所得到的剖面图具有很好的空间分辨率。 相似文献
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转换波共转换点(Common Conversion Point简称CCP)叠加的关键在于CCP抽道集和非双曲线正常时差校正NMO(Normal MoveOut). 目前方法的精度限制了其在中-浅层或大炮检距情况下的应用. 我们对CCP叠加技术进行了系统研究,导出了新的CCP位置计算公式和非双曲线时距关系式,并给出了具体的CCP抽道集方法. 理论模型试验和实验资料处理表明本文方法精度高、简便易行,特别是对于中-浅层和大炮检距情况也能得到良好的叠加效果. 相似文献
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转换波偏移可以利用纵横波波场信息,得到高分辨率的成像结果,从而为油藏描述提供高质量的地震资料.目前的研究主要是利用纵波波场信息进行偏移成像,然而,传统的纵波方法在复杂探区成像时具有一定的局限性.为此,本文在各向异性介质声波射线追踪算法的基础上,推导出各向异性介质转换波射线追踪方程,发展了一种转换波射线追踪算法;并将研究的追踪算法应用到偏移成像中,提出了一种各向异性VTI介质角度域转换波高斯束偏移成像方法.通过各向异性VTI介质断块模型和复杂构造模型试算,说明了本文方法的正确性和有效性.模型试算的结果表明,在考虑地下各向异性时,本文研究的方法具有更好的成像效果,提取的角道集结果可以为偏移速度分析提供依据. 相似文献
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基于虚拟偏移距方法的各向异性转换波保幅叠前时间偏移 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
In this paper, we use the method of pseudo-offset migration （POM） to complete converted wave pre-stack time migration with amplitude-preservation in an anisotropic medium. The method maps the original traces into common conversion scatter point （CCSP） gathers directly by POM, which simplifies the conventional processing procedure for converted waves. The POM gather fold and SNR are high, which is favorable for velocity analysis and especially suitable for seismic data with low SNR. We used equivalent anisotropic theory to compute anisotropic parameters. Based on the scattering wave traveltime equation in a VTI medium, the POM pseudo-offset migration in anisotropic media was deduced. By amplitude-preserving POM gather mapping, velocity analysis, stack processing, and so on, the anisotropic migration results were acquired. The forward modeling computation and actual data processing demonstrate the validity of converted wave pre-stack time migration with amplitude-preservation using the anisotropic POM method. 相似文献
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转换点位置的计算是转换波资料处理中的一个关键问题. 本文提出了分别基于速度随深度线性变化、速度随垂直走时线性变化、慢度随深度线性变化和慢度随垂直走时线性变化四种等效垂向非均匀介质情况下转换点位置的计算方法. 研究了通过速度拟合、走时近似和相似系数谱三种方式选择合适的等效速度方法. 结合理论模型对非均匀介质转换点计算方法、渐进转换点计算方法、Thomsen近似公式和均匀介质解析计算方法的误差进行了分析，结果表明非均匀介质转换点计算方法能更准确地计算转换点位置. 相似文献
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VARIATION OF THE TRAVEL TIME DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TELESEISMIC PS CONVERTED WAVE AND PP TRANSMITTED WAVE IN FOCAL REGION BEFORE AND AFTER WENCHUAN MS8.0 EARTHQUAKE 
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下载免费PDF全文 When P waves from distant earthquakes meet a velocity discontinuity in the earth's crust and upper mantle, they give rise to a series of converted PS waves besides PP refracted waves. It is possible to monitor the variation of the physical properties of the medium in the limited formation space above the transition zone of the seismogenic zone by measuring the time difference between the teleseismic PS converted wave and the first arrival P wave, that is, time-variation ΔtPS=tPS-tP. The advantage of this method is that the transition point of the teleseismic source with similar source is relatively stable at the transition interface, and the accuracy of the measured relative time is high, and the change of the medium in a small range of the seismogenic zone above the conversion interface can be monitored.
This paper studies the variation of the travel time difference ΔtPS in focal region before and after Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake. We select 2001 to 2012 as the research period, use teleseismic waveforms which occurred in the southern region of Sumatra and Hindu Kush area recorded by Sichuan station YZP and JJS. These teleseisms satisfy 5.0 ≤ M ≤ 6.5, and their waveform signal-to-noise ratio is high with clear initial P-wave motion. The epicentral distance of teleseisms is less than 3 degrees. Then we obtain the variation of the travel time difference ΔtPS between teleseismic PS converted wave and PP transmitted wave recorded during the study period in the two stations. The results show that there is a slow increasing trend of ΔtPS before 2006, and an obvious low value process of ΔtPS appeared in the period about 2 years before the Wenchuan earthquake. The maximum decline was about 0.2~0.3s, more than 4~5 times the measurement error. The low value has a certain degree of return about 2~3 months before the earthquake.
The change of arrival time difference indicates that the medium is in different states in different periods of seismogenic process. The sharp decrease in ΔtPS from 2006 to January 2008 may be due to the strong disturbance caused by the stress accumulation of the medium. At this stage, the velocity of P wave and S wave increases with the increase of stress, and the increase of S wave velocity will result in the decrease of ΔtPS. The change of ΔtPS is greatly affected by S wave velocity, so ΔtPS appears to decrease rapidly. Regarding the low value that has a certain degree of return about 2~3 months before the Wenchuan earthquake, the possible reason is that the release of stress is much higher than the accumulation of stress in meta-instability stage. At this stage, the velocity of S wave decreases and the decrease of S wave causes ΔtPS to increase. Then, the Wenchuan earthquake of magnitude 8.0 occurred. It is shown that the teleseismic converted wave method in this paper can monitor the variation of medium's wave velocity before large earthquakes, and it has a good prospect in seismic monitoring and worth further experimental study. 相似文献
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Frequency‐dependent multi‐offset phase analysis of surface waves: an example of high‐resolution characterization of a riparian aquifer 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Giulio Vignoli Isabella Gervasio Giuseppe Brancatelli Jacopo Boaga Bruno Della Vedova Giorgio Cassiani 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(1):102-111
Multi‐offset phase analysis of seismic surface waves is an established technique for the extraction of dispersion curves with high spatial resolution and, consequently, for the investigation of the subsurface in terms of shear wave velocity distribution. However, field applications are rarely documented in the published literature. In this paper, we discuss an implementation of the multi‐offset phase analysis consisting of the estimation of the Rayleigh wave velocity by means of a moving window with a frequency‐dependent length. This allows maximizing the lateral resolution at high frequencies while warranting stability at the lower frequencies. In this way, we can retrieve the shallow lateral variability with high accuracy and, at the same time, obtain a robust surface‐wave velocity measurement at depth. In this paper, we apply this methodology to a dataset collected for hydrogeophysical purposes and compare the inversion results with those obtained by using refraction seismics and electrical resistivity tomography. The surface‐wave results are in good agreement with those provided by the other methods and demonstrate a superior capability in retrieving both lateral and vertical velocity variations, including inversions. Our results are further corroborated by the lithological information from a borehole drilled on the acquisition line. The availability of multi‐offset phase analysis data also allows disentangling a fairly complex interpretation of the other geophysical results. 相似文献
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对于转换波地震勘探中的转换点位置这个重要问题,提出转换点位置不仅与纵横波速度比,偏移距深度比以及源检距有关,还与地下介质的各向异性的性质有关,计算了忽略地下介质的各向异性影响对转换点的确定带来的严重误差,从而影响地下地质体的精确成像.通过对层状VTI介质中的转换点近似方程的推导过程,引入该方程不同于传统方程的导出是对层状各向同性介质而言,该方程通过引入各向异性参数,使我们对转换波可以有进一步的认识,拓展了转换波处理中各向异性的应用.该方程对于偏移距深度比小于3.0的情况是比较准确的,这对于大偏移距转换波勘探具有实际意义. 相似文献
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常规的转换波静校正的基本思想都是从地震波的运动学特征出发,基于地表一致性假设.在地表条件复杂和地表高程相差较大的地区,它不仅无法解决严重的静校正问题,反而会带来新的畸变.本文基于频率波数域波动方程偏移原理,采用波场延拓方法实现转换波静校正,其关键点在于时间空间域和频率波数域的相对应.文中通过坐标变换将起伏地表转化为新坐标系下的水平地表,把炮点和检波点映射到同一水平面上,然后在新坐标系下推导频率域波动方程延拓公式,接着对下行波P和上行转换波SV分别利用近地表速度向上延拓到基准面,恢复起伏地表到基准面之间的真实波场,最后转换到原始坐标系取出基准面数据完成转换波静校正.通过对模拟和实际数据处理,证明该方法是正确和有效的. 相似文献