首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
喜马拉雅构造带及其临近区域是印度板块与欧亚大陆板块挤压碰撞的前缘地带.本文利用GPS实测速度场与震源机制解数据分别计算了研究区域现今地壳岩石圈表面的GPS应变场及岩石圈内部的主应力分布,研究了印度板块持续挤压作用下板块边界带地壳岩石圈现今地壳形变的空间分布特征.结果显示,南北向的剧烈挤压变形与东西向的拉伸变形是现今青藏高原南缘地壳岩石圈的主要变形特征.其中南北向的地壳挤压变形主要集中在主前缘冲断带与雅鲁藏布江缝合带之间.东西方向上,南北走向的亚东—谷露断裂是区域地壳东西向伸展变形的重要分界断裂.75°E是研究区域地壳形变的另一条显著不连续边界,其西侧地壳主压应变强度低、方向弥散且最大主压应力方向一致性较差,而东侧地壳主压应变方向与主压应力方向以及地壳水平运动速度场方向均具有较好的一致性.布格重力异常的小波多尺度辨析结果显示该分界带与循喜马拉雅西构造结楔入欧亚大陆的印度板块密切相关.  相似文献   

2.
This paper uses plate tectonics and satellite-derived gravity data to further discussion of crustal deformation under the Tibetan Plateau. The first of our three contributions is a spherical harmonic analysis of the global plate boundary system. A distribution of 470 Dirac delta functions is applied to describe the generating forces according to the rates of crustal creation and destruction on the plate boundaries. Analysis of the extensional and compressional forces in the spreading and subducting zones shows that the present global plate motion causes compressional stresses in the N-S direction under the Tibetan Plateau. The second contribution is the calculation of the crustal stresses in Tibet as inferred from satellite gravity data. By applying solutions to the problem of the spherical shells, the satellite-determined stresses indicate that the up-welling mantle material under Tibet induce N-S and E-W extension. Finally, a superimposed stress system is constructed. This stress system shows that the present crustal deformation in Tibet does not produce N-S shortening but generates E-W extension.The results of this paper have provided geodynamical explanations for geological field observations in Tibet and fault plane solutions of earthquakes in the Tibetan side of the India-Eurasia collision. The stress patterns reveal that the cold downwelling mantle convection flow beneath southern Tibet pulls the Indian plate down but applies a bending moment on the end of the plate to uplift and support the mass of the Himalayas.  相似文献   

3.
Origin of tectonic stresses in the Chinese continent and adjacent areas   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
Based on data of principal stress orientation from focal mechanism and of geological features in China, we made pseudo-3D genetic algorithm finite element (GA-FEM) inversion to investigate the main forces acting on the Chinese continent and adjacent areas which form the Chinese tectonic stress field. The results confirm that plate boundary forces play the dominant role in forming the stress field in China, as noticed by many previous researchers. However, we also find that topographic spreading forces, as well as basal drag forces of the lower crust to the upper crust, make significant contribution to stresses in regional scale. Forces acting on the Chinese continent can be outlined as follows: the collision of the India plate to the NNE is the most important action, whereby forces oriented to the NW by the Philippine plate and forces oriented to the SWW by the Pacific plate are also important. Topographic spreading forces are not negligible at high topographic gradient zones, these forces are perpendicular to edges of the Tibetan Plateau and a topographic gradient belt running in the NNE direction across Eastern China. Basal drag forces applied by the ductile flow of the lower crust to the base of upper crust affect the regional stress field in the Tibetan Plateau remarkably, producing the clockwise rotation around the eastern Himalaya syntax.  相似文献   

4.
田建慧  罗艳 《地震》2019,39(2):110-121
本文收集了1976—2018年发生在中国大陆及其周边地区(15°~55°N, 65°~125°E)的4303个地震震源机制解, 分析了该区震源机制解和P、 T轴空间分布特征, 并使用这些震源机制解, 反演得到了中国大陆及周边地区二维构造应力场分布。 应力场反演结果表明, 云南大部、 青藏高原大部以及华北华南大部以走滑型应力性质为主, 印度洋板块与欧亚板块的强烈碰撞控制着中国西部地区, 大量的逆断型地震集中分布在青藏高原周缘和西域活动地块的天山地区。 青藏高原内部也存在正断型地震, 且应力场方向在26°N发生了很大的变化。 位于青藏高原东构造线以南的滇缅活动块体, 最大主压应力σ1方向在大致100°E发生突变, 由以西的NNE方向偏转到NNW方向。 中国东部的东北块体到华北块体再到华南块体, 最大主压应力方向有一个从NE向逐渐转变成EW向再变化到NW向的旋转趋势。 应力场总体结果表明, 中国东部应力场主要受到太平洋板块和菲律宾板块对欧亚大陆俯冲的作用, 中国西部主要受印度板块向北碰撞欧亚大陆的影响, 块体内部相互作用、 块体与断裂带相互作用也对应力场变化产生影响。  相似文献   

5.
针对2015年4月25日尼泊尔Mw7.8地震的孕震特征,本文首先对覆盖尼泊尔及周边地区的5套GPS水平速度场结果进行了融合,得到了近似统一参考框架下的速度场结果;在此基础上通过对此次地震震源区及周边地区的速度场、应变率场、基线时间序列分析,识别了震前变形特征.GPS应变率场结果显示,喜马拉雅主边界断裂存在大范围挤压应变积累,震源区处于近南北向应变积累高值过渡区.跨喜马拉雅构造带的GPS基线时间序列结果表现为持续缩短现象,表明印度板块与欧亚板块之间的持续挤压变形特征,2012年以来的缩短增强现象反映了印度板块对青藏块体的推挤增强作用明显.距离震中较近的西藏南部GPS同震位移结果以南向运动为主且指向震中,反映了青藏高原存在逆冲应变释放现象.综合此次尼泊尔地震前变形和同震应变释放特征,认为此次地震的孕震区域和同震应变释放区域均较大,将会对青藏高原的地壳变形与强震孕育产生深远影响.  相似文献   

6.
近十多年来藏南地区GPS网的多期观测结果为研究其构造变形提供了精确数据。本文将该区划分为冈底斯、西喜马拉雅、中喜马拉雅、拉萨4个块体,建立了各块体的弹性运动模型。以藏北高原的旋转框架为参考基准,得到藏南地区的水平形变场和应变场,分析形变场和应变场的空间变化,发现藏南地区存在强烈的S-N向挤压缩短变形,同时也有明显的E-W向伸展变形。南北边界之间的平均缩短速率16.9±2.5mm/a,大约吸收了印度与欧亚汇聚速率的42.4%。在雅鲁藏布江缝合线与班公错—嘉黎断裂之间,从80°E到90°E,地壳E—W向的伸展速率16.3±2.4mm/a。因此,藏南地区现今构造变形是以挤压缩短为主,S-N向挤压缩短与E—W伸展共存的复合变形模式。印度板块向欧亚板块的俯冲推挤是该区域变形的主要驱动力,重力作用对其变形也有重要贡献。  相似文献   

7.
中国大陆及周边地区现代岩石圈演化动力学模拟   总被引：25，自引：6，他引：25       下载免费PDF全文
采用有限元方法模拟了近20万年来青藏高原岩石圈形变演化过程，探讨了印度-欧亚大陆的碰撞对中国大陆岩石层形变和应力场的影响以及它们与强地震活动性的关系.结合现代GPS、地震和地质学观测的结果，对比分析了中国大陆在百万年、十万年和十年尺度上的形变和构造应力场的基本格局.研究表明：（1）印度-欧亚大陆的碰撞以及印度大陆的持续向北推进、挤压所产生的应力环境，一直主导了以青藏高原为核心的我国西部地域岩石圈构造、运动和演化，但其影响随着远离青藏高原地区而逐渐变小.（2）断层滑移和重力势作用对于青藏高原东西部以及塔里木盆地的影响相当大，它们导致青藏高原岩石层东西向形变速率增大，对青藏高原的中南部地区产生拉张效应，同时导致塔里木盆地出现整体的右旋趋势.（3）青藏高原区域水平方向形变速率和GPS观测结果吻合较好.但在垂直方向上，一些地区计算结果与观测数据相差较大，这说明单纯的挤压作用不是现代青藏高原隆升的惟一机制.现代青藏高原的隆升可能与其他驱动机制，如地幔对流、重力均衡以及剥蚀作用等有关.（4）印度板块的挤压作用基本上决定了中国大陆西部的主压应力场分布.（5）印度板块的碰撞对中国大陆的强地震活动性有重要影响，但华北地区是个例外，该地区的地震活动性很强而印度板块的挤压在该区域产生的影响却很小，说明其他的驱动力在一定程度上活化了华北地块.  相似文献   

8.
The Tibetan Plateau is characterized by its high seismicity produced by the continental collision still working at Himalaya. As seismology had made great contribution to the global tectonics in 1960s, it may also provide some improtant clues to the evolution and tectonics in continents. The present paper summarizes the seismicities, focal mechanisms and neotectionics in Tibetan Plateau. The authors suggest a new classification of the seismic belts or zones in the Plateau. The belt from Yadong to Anduo is an active seismic belt. The features of neotectonics and focal mechanisms are different on the west of this belt to the east of it. Most of the earthquakes with focal depthh>70 km in the Plateau situate on this belt. Different to Yuma, Arakan, the earthquakes withh>70 km in Yadong-Anduo belt are less and smaller, their focal mechanisms are normal faults. Appearance of earthquakes with h>70 km suggests that the uppermost mantle in this belt is unstable and the material is hard enough to accumulate strong strain energy. The authors stress the significance of the northwest-southeast striking fault zone of Yanshiping-Changdu. Several large earthquakes occurred in this fault zone are characterized by left-lateral strike slips. It is the southest one of the several left-lateral strike slip zones in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, and may represent the latest produced one of the left-lateral strike slip zones. South to the Bangong-Nujiang suture, the fault zone of Bengcuo-Jiali is a belt of discontinuous right-lateral strike slips with very strong seismicities. The pair-faults of Yanshiping-Changdu left-lateral strike slips and Bengcuo-Jiali right-lateral strike slips provide an evidence of the eastward flow of materials in the lithosphere of Qiang Tang terrain between the pair-faults. Altyn Tagh, Kun Lun and Xianshuihe may represent the residuals of the boundaries of ancient flow paths. Since the sutures and also the cooling effects were produced progressively from the north to south, the flow paths will move progressively southward during the geological times. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica, supp.14, 534–565, 1992.  相似文献   

9.
A present-day tectonic stress map for eastern Asia region   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15  
Introduction Tectonically the eastern Asia refers to the region bounded by the following three active tec-tonic zones: in the east the western Pacific subduction zone, including Japan trench, Ryukyu trench and Philippine trench; in the southwest the Himalaya continental collision zone and the Burma-arc-Java-trench subduction zone; in the northwest the Tianshan-Baikal continental defor-mation zone (Figure 6). In the world the eastern Asia is one of the regions with the strongest pre-sent-da…  相似文献   

10.
The composite stereographic projection of orientations of the compression and tension axes using thirty-nine fault-plane solutions of earthquakes from two active seismogenic sources of Nepal and adjoining areas were examined and the nature of stress pattern and their influence on tectonics in the region have been studied. The seismogenic source located in Eastern Nepal region, which has been the site of 1934 Bihar-Nepal great earthquake of M 8.4, is presently experiencing N-S to NE-SW directed compressive stresses. The inferred pattern of compression axes in Western Nepal region suggests a shallow compressive stress, dipping N-S to NE-SW. Approximately similar nature of the stress regime is observed in Western and Eastern regions of Nepal, separated by nearly 700 km; it shows N-S to NNE-SSW direction of compression and underthrusting of the Indian Plate beneath the Himalaya at a shallow angle. Present study indicates that the stress is being released along the strikes of some of the transverse faults present in the region since the compressive stress exerted by the northward movement of the Indian Plate is approximately perpendicular to the Himalayan collision belt. Unilateral stress pattern generated by the northward movement of the Indian Plate in the central part of the Himalaya reveals that the present day collision occurs roughly perpendicular to the local strike of the Himalaya.  相似文献   

11.
东构造结是印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞的奇点,历来是地学研究的热点.本文在中国及区域地震台网资料所得结果的基础上,增加了1964～2006年的ISC数据,总共349475个Pn波到时资料,着重反演了东构造结及周边地区Pn波速度结构和各向异性.结果表明该区Pn速度结构与现代构造活动存在较明显的关联：四川盆地,印度板块是构造稳定的地块而具有高速异常;藏东南和南北地震带构造活动强烈而显示低速异常,云南南部、中南半岛北部因处于缅甸弧弧后扩张区其低速异常尤为明显. Pn波各向异性表明快波方向在东构造结有一顺时针旋转的趋势：在藏东南是北东方向,然后在南北地震带先转向东南,再转向南,最后在中南半岛北部突变为近东西向. 这是因为青藏高原物质在东流的过程中,相对于东构造结和四川盆地,在藏东南和南北地震带存在强烈的简单剪切变形,而在缅甸弧后扩张区为纯剪切变形所致. SKS快波方向也有类似的旋转趋势,但在中南半岛北部附近,具有近东西向Pn快波方向的区域,比云南南部东西向SKS区域偏南3°左右,这可能是由于该地区岩石圈上部运动比下部更快的结果.  相似文献   

12.
Polarization analysis of teleseismic data has been used to determine the XKS(SKS,SKKS,and PKS)fast polarization directions and delay times between fast and slow shear waves for 59 seismic stations of both temporary and permanent broadband seismograph networks deployed in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis(EHS)and surrounding regions.The analysis employed both the grid searching method of the minimum tangential energy and stacking analysis methods to develop an image of upper mantle anisotropy in the EHS and surrounding regions using the newly obtained shear wave splitting parameters and previously published results.The fast polarization directions are oriented along a NE-SW azimuth in the EHS.However,within the surrounding regions,the fast directions show a clockwise rotation pattern around the EHS from NE-SW,to E-W,to NW-SE,and then to N-S.In the EHS and surrounding regions,the fast directions of seismic anisotropy determined using shear wave splitting analysis correlate with surficial geological features including major sutures and faults and with the surface deformation fields derived from global positioning system(GPS)data.The coincidence between structural features in the crust,surface deformation fields and mantle anisotropy suggests that the deformation in the crust and lithospheric mantle is mechanically coupled.In the EHS,the coherence between the fast directions and the NE direction of the subduction of the Indian Plate beneath the Tibetan Plateau suggests that the lithospheric deformation is caused mainly by subduction.In the regions surrounding the EHS,we speculate that a westward retreat of the Burma slab could contribute to the curved anisotropy pattern.The Tibetan Plateau is acted upon by a NE-trending force due to the subduction of the Indian Plate,and also affected by a westward drag force due to the westward retreat produced by the eastward subduction of the Burma slab.The two forces contribute to a curved lithospheric deformation that results in the alignment of the upper mantle peridotite lattice parallel to the deformation direction,and thus generates a curved pattern of fast directions around the EHS.  相似文献   

13.
由于印度洋板块向亚欧板块俯冲使青藏高原不断隆起,其形成不仅导致了亚洲大陆内部强烈的晚新生代构造变形,还对其边缘地区的地貌格局产生重大影响.青藏高原东北缘是青藏高原向北东方向扩展的前缘部位,是印度与欧亚两大板块碰撞作用由近南北方向向北东、东方向转换的重要场所.本文利用2004年和2008年完成的深地震反射剖面资料,采用关键处理技术和参数开展唐克-合作剖面与合作-临夏剖面联线处理,获得总长约400 km的深地震反射剖面,完整揭示了西秦岭造山带及其两侧盆地的地壳结构和构造变形样式.结果显示西秦岭造山带下地壳向若尔盖逆冲推覆的深部构造特征;西秦岭下地壳北倾的强反射及其北侧南倾的强反射特征揭示出扬子与华北两个大陆板块在西秦岭造山带下的汇聚行为.Moho的埋深和起伏形态表明青藏高原东北缘地壳经历了高原隆升后强烈的伸展减薄作用.  相似文献   

14.
After the 2015 MS8.1 Nepal earthquake, a strong and moderate seismicity belt has formed in Tibet gradually spreading along the northeast direction. In this paper, we attempt to summarize the features and investigate the primary mechanism of this behavior of seismic activity, using a 2-D finite element numerical model with tectonic dynamic settings and GPS horizontal displacements as the constraints. In addition, compared with the NE-trending seismicity belt triggered by the 1996 Xiatongmoin earthquake, we discuss the future earthquake hazard in and around Tibet. Our results show that:the NE-directed seismicity belt is the response of enhanced loading on the anisotropic Qinghai-Tibetan plateau from the Indian plate and earthquake thrusting. Also, this possibly implies that a forthcoming strong earthquake may fill in the gaps in the NE-directed seismicity belt or enhance the seismic hazard in the eastern (the north-south seismic zone) and western (Tianshan tectonic region) parts near the NE-directed belt.  相似文献   

15.
Gravitational field models derived from satellite tracking and surface gravity data have been used to derive the forces in the earth's mantle under Asia. Based on studies of tectonic forces from these models, a subcrustal stress field under China has been obtained. The stresses are due to mantle convection. According to the stress patterns, the east and west China blocks and five seismic zones are identified. The tensional stresses exerted by the upwelling mantle convection flows under the crust of Tibet seem to be related to the Tibetan uplift. The compressional orogenic region from the southern tip of Lake Baikal, through Tien Shan, Hindu Kush and the Himalayas to northern Burma appears to be connected with the downwelling mantle convection flows. It is found that the directions of the subcrustal stresses under China are disposed perpendicularly to the major fault systems and seismic belts. The results of stress calculations show that the crust of north China should be in compression and that stresses within it should be sufficient to form the Shansi Graben and Linfen Basin Systems and fracture the lithosphere. This gives a possible explanation of why strong earthquakes occurred in north China which is an isolated narrow region of highest seismicity far from plate boundaries. The tensional stress fields, caused by the upwelling mantle convection flows, are found to be regions of structural kinship characterized by major concentrations of mineral and metal deposits in China.  相似文献   

16.
The eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau is one of the most active zones of tectonic deformation and seismicity in China. To monitor strain buildup and benefit seismic risk assessment, we constructed 14 survey-mode global position system(GPS) stations throughout the northwest of Longmenshan fault. A new GPS field over 1999–2011 is derived from measurements of the newly built and pre-existing stations in this region. Sequentially,two strain rate fields, one preceding and the other following the 2008 MW7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, are obtained using the Gausian weighting approach. Strain field over1999–2007 shows distinct strain partitioning prior to the2008 MW7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, with compression spreading over around Longmenshan area. Strain field derived from the two measurements in 2009 and 2011 shows that the area around Longmenshan continues to be under striking compression, as the pattern preceding the Wenchuan earthquake, implying a causative factor of the sequent of 2013 MW6.7 Lushan earthquake. Our GPSderived dilatation shows that both the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes occurred within the domain of pronounced contraction. The GPS velocities demonstrate that the Longriba fault underwent slight motion with the faultnormal and-parallel rates at 1.0 ± 2.5 mm and 0.3 ± 2.2 mm/a; the Longmenshan fault displayed slow activity, with a fault-normal rate at 0.8 ± 2.5 mm/a, and a fault-parallel rate at 1.8 ± 1.7 mm/a. Longriba fault is on a par with Longmenshan fault in strain partitioning to accommodate the southeastward motion of eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Integrated analysis of principal strain tensors, mean principal stress, and fast directions of mantle anisotropy shows that west of Sichuan is characterized as mechanically strong crust-mantle coupling.  相似文献   

17.
讨论了喜马拉雅弧型地震构造带西反射弧地带(简称“西触角区”),大地震活动的基本特征及2005年10月巴基斯坦曼塞赫拉7.8级地震发生后,对中国大陆地震趋势的可能影响。西触角区(N30~45°,E61~80°)大震活动存在显著的时间上10年左右成组性及两次大震时间间隔小于1个月的爆发性,地点上的成丛性,兴都库什深震区的地震有一定先兆意义,与东触角区(N20~29°,E95~102°)大地震也存在较好的相关性。沿欧亚大陆与印度洋、澳州板块碰撞带上印尼苏门答腊8.9级地震后,再次发生巴基斯坦7.8级大地震,显示出这一板缘地震带正处于活跃状态。研究认为未来1~2年应注意西触角区尤其是天山地震带的大震连发的危险性及东触角区(缅甸及川、滇为主)发生响应性大地震的可能性。对中国大陆内部其他地区大震形势的影响可能不大。  相似文献   

18.
岩石圈流变强度与中国大陆构造运动关系的探讨   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文
以GPS观测资料和地震学研究成果为约束，针对不同流变参数的中国大陆岩石圈模型，数值模拟了岩石粘度与中国大陆板块边界作用强度的关系，探讨了陆-陆碰撞对中国大陆分层岩石圈运动的驱动机制．给出了陆-陆碰撞驱动力、附加地形与山根浮力及热浮力对中国大陆构造运动的驱动特点．印度板块、太平洋板块和菲律宾板块对中国大陆驱动的边界作用强度之比约是4：1．25：1，所引起的水平主压应力主要集中在坚硬岩石层；而附加地形等垂直方向作用力在水平方向产生的最大主压应力则主要集中在软弱岩石层．这种垂直方向上的作用力在高原南部地区阻碍陆-陆碰撞向北的推挤运动，在高原东北部增加对其它块体的推挤作用。  相似文献   

19.
根据菲律宾海的演化,指出菲律宾海板块的特点:以俯冲边界为主,易于产生形变.将理论结果与地球物理、地质以及GPS测量结果进行比较,发现菲律宾海板块内部及边界有明显形变.讨论了菲律宾海板块与欧亚板块的相互作用,指出其相互作用有明显的分段性.在南海海槽一带有较强的挤压,在琉球海沟一带由于两板块耦合较弱及冲绳海槽的开裂,没有形成对东亚大陆的挤压;台湾附近两板块碰撞,对中国东南形成较强的挤压;在菲律宾群岛一带形成两板块间的复杂变形带,使两板块间的作用减弱.  相似文献   

20.
南北地震带强震迁移特征及其与南亚地震带的联系   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
南北地震带1500年以来7级以上强震迁移显示出3种方式:由北往南大致等时距的迁移、由南往北多样式的迁移和一个时段内全带范围内的成组强震群发活动。从以往100年的强震活动分析,南北地震带的活动还与从缅甸至印尼苏门答腊的南亚地震带强震活动相关联,前者的强震往往滞后于后者几月至数年发生。因此,2004年12月26日苏门答腊岛西面海里发生8·7级大地震后南北地震带发生强震的可能性不能忽视。南北地震带上述多种强震迁移活动特征既与印度板块向NNE的碰撞、俯冲过程有关,也与青藏高原与其东北缘稳定、坚硬的鄂尔多斯和阿拉善块体的相互作用有关  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号