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1.
对柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖区外围沙下盐湖的卤水及沉积进行了综合研究。沙下盐湖卤水化学组成与地表径流和开放性盐湖卤水之间存在明显的差异性,具有高Na++Cl-、低Mg2++Ca2++SO42-、贫K++CO32-+HCO3-等特征。沙下盐湖析盐层位含有新生矿物并夹带碎屑矿物,其盐类矿物组合为:石盐+羟氯镁铝石+光卤石。25℃等温蒸发相图表明,其卤水演化方向往光卤石析出区迁移,在穿越上覆盖层通道中卤水发生的物理化学反应与独特的沉积特征,可以作为继续寻找沙下盐湖的指导。 相似文献
2.
本文通过揭示宵蔵盐湖卤水在浓缩过程中成盐元素的行为以及卤水水化学炎型与PH值等的变化,得出结论如下：1.卤水中主要离子的演化方向是按Ca2+→Na+→K+→Mg2+→Ca2+（阳离子）和CO32-→HCO3-→SO42-→Cl-（阴离子）顺序进行。2.除了析出固体外,微量元素一般在最后的浓缩卤水和析盐后的残余卤水中髙度富集。已査明盐湖卤水中有63种元素,其中钾、镁、硼、锂、铷、铯、铀、钍、稀土、氘已构成可以综合利用的宝贵资源。 相似文献
3.
生态补水是维持和改善白洋淀生态环境的重要途径.为研究生态补水对白洋淀水环境的影响,分别在补水前与补水后采集淀水、河水及地下水样品,分析区域地表水和地下水水化学特征.结果表明：（1）白洋淀补水前、后地表水与地下水的水化学组成中Na+为主要阳离子,补水后阴离子以HCO3-为主,淀区南部地表水电导率高;补水后地表水与地下水Ca2+、Mg2+和HCO3-浓度显著增加,水体电导率降低.（2）补水前地下水为Na-HCO3型水,地表水主要为Na-Cl·SO4及Na-Cl·HCO3类型;补水后地表水与浅层地下水向Ca·Mg-HCO3型演化,深层地下水水化学类型基本保持不变.（3）生态补水使白洋淀水位升高,淀区水面积增大,缓解了水资源短缺的问题;同时也使浅层地下水水化学组成发生改变,而深层地下水暂未受到影响.生态补水后,受稀释和混合作用的影响,水体Na+、Cl-和SO42-浓度显著下降,Ca2+、Mg2+及HCO3-浓度增加.在白洋淀生态补水中应"先治污,后补水",以减少补水过程中污染物向淀区的运移,还应注意区域地下水位上升过程中的阳离子交换及水岩相互作用,为合理调配生态补水及改善白洋淀生态环境提供科学依据. 相似文献
4.
典型对应分析在青藏高原现代湖泊硅藻与环境研究中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用一种新的多变量分析工具——典型对应分析(CCA), 有效地揭示了青藏高原45个湖泊表层沉积硅藻种群与水环境之间的关系. 在12个水环境指标中, 水深, 电导率(conductivity), Cl-, Mg2+, K+和pH值能够用于硅藻数据的解释, 具有独立解释的显著性(p<0.05). CCA前两个轴(l1＝0.34, l2 = 0.27)捕捉了16.1%的硅藻数据信息, 解释57.4%的硅藻与环境指标关系, 多余环境变量和异常样品的删除并没有对硅藻数据的解释造成多大的影响. 分析表明, 水深和盐度是影响青藏高原硅藻分布的两个重要的环境要素梯度, 水深梯度主要与轴1相关, 矿化度, Cl-, Mg2+和K+则与前两个轴均相关, 代表了盐度变化的方向. 硅藻-环境模式的确定, 为硅藻-环境指标的定量化研究提供了重要依据. 相似文献
5.
不同水生植物对富营养化水体无机氮吸收动力学特征 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
采用浓度梯度法,研究了鸢尾(Iris louisiana)、狐尾藻(Myriophyllum verticillatum)、茭白(Zizania latifolia)和水芹(Oenanthe clecumbens)对硝态氮(NO3--N)和铵态氮(NH4+-N)吸收动力学特征.结果表明:4种水生植物对水体NO3--N和NH4+-N吸收可用Michaelis-Menten酶动力学方程描述,随溶液NO3--N和NH4+-N浓度增加,植物吸收NO3--N和NH4+-N速率增加,当溶液NO3--N和NH4+-N浓度接近于2.0 mmol/L时,吸收速率增加趋缓;4种水生植物对NO3--N和NH4+-N的Vmax值大小为水芹 >茭白 >鸢尾 >狐尾藻,对NO3--N的Km值大小为水芹 >鸢尾=茭白=狐尾藻,对NH4+-N的Km值大小为水芹 >狐尾藻 >茭白=鸢尾.根据吸收动力学参数(Vmax,Km)判断水芹适宜于净化NO3--N和NH4+-N浓度较高的水体,茭白、鸢尾和狐尾藻适合净化NO3--N和NH4+-N浓度较低水体;4种水生植物对NO3--N、NH4+-N表现出不同的吸收偏好性,鸢尾吸收NO3--N的潜力大于吸收NH4+-N的,但对NH4+-N的亲和力大于NO3--N,表明能在NO3--N浓度较高环境中优先吸收NH4+-N.狐尾藻和水芹对NO3--N和NH4+-N能均衡吸收.茭白对NH4+-N具有较高的吸收潜力与亲和力. 相似文献
6.
随着外源性硫酸盐（SO42-）的持续性输入,富营养化湖泊水体的SO42-浓度持续升高.野外长期监测结果表明,近几十年太湖水体的SO42-浓度逐渐升高,达到了96 mg/L的水平.此外,富营养化湖泊中蓝藻水华衰亡会产生并释放大量的甲烷（CH4）,湖泊水体的SO42-浓度升高是否会对沉积物产CH4过程造成影响仍缺乏相关研究.本实验构建了蓝藻水体沉积物微宇宙系统,通过添加30、60、90、120和150 mg/L五组浓度的硫酸盐,探究不同SO42-浓度下蓝藻衰亡过程中水体的SO42-、还原性硫化物（∑S2-）和CH4的变化规律.结果表明,蓝藻聚积衰亡的第6~9天硫酸盐还原作用最为强烈,此时水体中的SO42-浓度快速下降到最低值,依次为7.65、8.87、21.21、41.14和56.54 mg/L.伴随着硫酸盐还原过程的进行,水柱中∑S2-的浓度不断上升,并达到最高值,依次为4.77、6.98、7.49、7.49和7.43 mg/L.蓝藻聚积衰亡的第10~21天水体中的SO42-浓度维持在较低水平,∑S2-浓度逐渐下降,并趋近于0.培养开始时,CH4增长缓慢,SO42-浓度下降之后,CH4浓度逐渐上升,并在第6~9天迅速上升,培养结束时,CH4的最终浓度随着水体初始SO42-浓度的增加而降低,依次为546.39、207.24、79.61、37.25和5.56 μmol/L,CH4的浓度与初始水体SO42-浓度呈指数型负相关关系.因此,对于精准评估富营养化湖泊的产甲烷过程,需要考虑不断上升的SO42-浓度所带来的影响. 相似文献
7.
浮游植物对氮的吸收与其生长繁殖密切相关,太湖梅梁湾湖区蓝藻水华频频暴发,对该水域浮游植物氮吸收进行研究具有重要意义.本文分别在冬、春、夏、秋4个季节于梅梁湾采样,对水体常规理化指标和浮游植物群落结构进行分析,并利用15N稳定同位素示踪技术研究了浮游植物对铵态氮（NH4+-N）、硝态氮（NO3--N）和尿素态氮（Urea-N）吸收的动力学特征.结果表明,太湖梅梁湾浮游植物群落除了秋季对NH4+-N的吸收不符合米氏方程外,其余均符合.冬季和春季3种形态氮最大吸收速率（Vmax）的大小依次为：NH4+-N > NO3--N > Urea-N,而夏季为：NH4+-N > Urea-N > NO3--N.3种形态氮Vmax的季节变化规律为夏季 > 秋季 > 春季 > 冬季.Vmax在不同季节以及不同形态氮之间的差异性可能与浮游植物群落组成以及水体中NH4+-N浓度不同有关.浮游植物对NH4+-N吸收的KS值在冬、春季高于夏季,对Urea-N吸收的Ks值则在夏、秋季高于冬、春季,而对NO3--N吸收的Ks值则在夏季显著高于其他3个季节.冬季和春季梅梁湾浮游植物群落最容易受到NO3--N限制,而最不容易受到Urea-N的限制;而夏季,则最容易受到NO3--N限制,而最不容易受到NH4+-N的限制,且浮游植物群落对NH4+-N的亲和力最高.与NO3--N相比,秋季浮游植物更容易受到Urea-N的限制.不同季节,容易对浮游植物产生限制作用的氮的形态不同. 相似文献
8.
新疆艾比湖干涸湖底不同景观单元蒸发盐分布与变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
盐尘暴是由干旱、半干旱区尾闾湖干涸湖底及其附近盐质荒漠风蚀所导致的一种灾害性极强的天气现象.盐尘主要来自风蚀过程中干涸湖底盐分的释放.由于干涸湖底不同的植被覆盖状况,导致风蚀过程中盐分损失不同.为了解风蚀过程中不同景观单元下盐分分布与变化特征,选择艾比湖干涸湖底自然状态下典型的6种景观单元(胡杨林带(Landscape 1,简写为L1)、乔本结合带(L2)、草本结合带(L3)、芦苇荒漠带(L4)、梭梭荒漠带(L5)、无植被覆盖(L6)),于2011年6月初和10月初2次采集沉积物样品,运用方差分析方法,研究各个景观单元下盐分的分布与季节变化特征.结果表明:1)2次采样不同景观单元0~30 cm和30~60 cm处阳离子Na+、K+、Mg2+含量均存在显著差异,其中Na+含量存在极显著差异且含量最高,而不同景观单元0~30 cm和30~60 cm处阴离子Cl-、SO42-含量均存在显著差异,CO32-、HCO3-含量甚微;2)干涸湖底沉积物的主要盐分类型是NaCl,其次是CaSO4,其它盐分含量较小,且不同景观单元相同深度沉积物盐分含量存在显著差异.无论是盐分离子组成还是含量,L5均最高,其次是L6,而L2均最低.随着深度的增加,不同景观单元沉积物中的盐分含量均呈现降低的趋势.随着时间变化,景观单元L2、L3、L4、L5、L6盐分含量有不同程度的增加,而L1盐分含量减少;3)在小尺度范围内,局地气候条件相对均一,地下水矿化度、地下水埋深及沉积物性质差别不大,不同景观类型是影响盐分表聚的主要因素. 相似文献
9.
为揭示太湖流域降雨和湖水酸根阴离子长期变化特征及环境意义,通过历史数据收集和采样分析,对太湖流域降雨和湖水中的SO42-、NO3-变化特征和来源进行了研究.结果表明：自1990s以来太湖流域降雨中SO42-呈显著下降趋势,年平均下降率为0.28 mg/（L·a）;NO3-浓度却呈显著上升趋势,年平均增长率为0.05 mg/（L·a）,降雨中氮污染呈现加重的趋势.与之相反,湖水中SO42-呈显著上升趋势,年平均增长率为1.24 mg/（L·a）;NO3-浓度却呈显著下降趋势,年平均下降率为0.02 mg/（L·a）.30年以来,太湖水体SO42-/NO3-比值不断升高,远高于降水SO42-/NO3-比值.研究认为：流域SO2排放引起的酸沉降是湖水SO42-浓度增长的最重要原因,但氮氧化物排放并未引起湖水NO3-浓度升高,说明太湖流域对大气沉降的氮氧化物有滞留作用,而太湖水体是流域大气沉降硫酸盐的重要汇.综合治理太湖流域酸性物质排放对防止太湖水体酸化和治理富营养化都具有重要意义. 相似文献
10.
A model on a physico-biological engineering experiment for purifying water in Wulihu Bay of Lake Taihu by using Trapa natans var. bispinosa was constructed. The state variables in water in the physico-biological engineering were ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N); nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N); nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N); phosphate phosphorus (PO43--P); dissolved oxygen (DO); nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in detritus; biomass density, N and P in phytoplankton and in Trapa natans var. bispinosa, N and P in the substance adsorbed by the membrane of the engineering and the rootstocks of Trapa natans var. bispinosa. The state variables in bottom mud layer were PO43--P in the core water,exchangeable P and N. The external forcing functions were solar radiation, water temperature, NH4+-N; NO3--N; NO2--N; PO43--P; N and P in detritus; DO; phytoplankton concentrations in inflow water and the retention time of the water in physico-biological engineering channel. The main physical, chemical and biological processes considered in the model were:growth of Trapa natans var. bispinosa and phytoplankton; oxidation of NH4+-N and NO2--N, of detritus break down; N and P sorption by the enclosure cloth of the experimental engineering and by the rootstocks of Trapa natans var. bispinosa in water; reaeration of water; uptake of P, NH4+-N, NO3--N by phytoplankton and Trapa natans var. bispinosa:mortality of the phytoplankton and Trapa natans var. bispinosa:settling of detritus; and nutrient release from sediment. Comparison of calculated results and observed results showed that the model was constructed reasonably for the experiment. The mechanism of purifying lake water in the experiment engineering was discussed by the use of the model. 相似文献
11.
Fernanda I. Colabuono Viviane Barquete Satie Taniguchi Peter G. Ryan Rosalinda C. Montone 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in albatrosses and petrels collected off southern Brazil were compared with concentrations of organochlorine contaminants (OCs). δ13C and δ15N values, as well as OCs concentrations, exhibited a high degree of variability among individuals and overlap among species. δ13C values reflected latitudinal differences among species, with lower values found in Wandering and Tristan Albatrosses and higher values found in Black-browed and Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatrosses and White-chinned Petrels. Some relationships were found between OCs and stable isotopes, but in general a partial ‘uncoupling’ was observed between OCs concentrations and stable isotopes ratios (especially for δ15N). δ13C and δ15N values in Procellariiformes tissues during the non-breeding season appear to be a better indicator of foraging habitats than of trophic relationships, which may partially explain the high degree of variability between concentrations of OCs and stable isotopes ratios in birds with a diversified diet and wide foraging range. 相似文献
12.
太湖富营养化湖区秋季水体和沉积物中硝化微生物分布特征及控制因素 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
微生物参与下的氮循环是富营养化湖泊十分重要的生物地球化学循环过程.采用基于amoA功能基因和16S rRNA基因的荧光定量PCR、PCR-DGGE与高通量测序等分子生物学技术,调查秋季太湖不同水体和表层沉积物中氨氧化古菌(AOA)、氨氧化细菌(AOB)和亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)群落丰度和组成,探讨影响硝化微生物分布的关键环境因子.结果表明,中度富营养化的梅梁湾湖区水体表层、中层和底层水样和表层底泥中AOA amoA基因的丰度分别低于轻度富营养化的湖心区,而不同层水样中AOB amoA基因的丰度分别高于湖心区.梅梁湾湖区和湖心区水样中AOA群落组成基本相似,2个湖区表层沉积物样品中AOA群落组成亦基本相似,水体中AOA群落组成与表层沉积物中AOA群落组成有差异,AOA群落丰度显著受硝态氮、pH和DO影响;表层沉积物中AOB群落丰度有明显差异且显著受总氮含量影响,表层沉积物中NOB群落丰度也有明显差异且显著受亚硝态氮含量影响.太湖梅梁湾湖区和湖心区水体与表层沉积物AOA群落包括Nitrosopumilium和Nitrosotalea两大属;表层沉积物AOB群落主要包括亚硝化单胞菌(Nitrosomonas)和亚硝化螺菌(Nitrosospira)两大属,NOB群落主要包括硝化刺菌(Nitrospina)和硝化螺菌(Nitrospira)两大属,其中硝化螺菌属是淡水湖泊中比较少见的亚硝酸盐氧化菌.影响太湖水体和沉积物中AOA和AOB丰度的最主要环境因子为总氮、总磷与铵态氮.研究表明典型富营养指标(总氮、总磷、铵态氮、硝态氮和硝态氮等)是影响太湖梅梁湾和湖心区水体和沉积物中AOA或AOB丰度以及硝化微生物群落丰度的重要因素. 相似文献
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14.
The differences between δ18O in throughfall and open rainfall were studied for 16 selected spring and summer storms in deciduous, pine and spruce forests in central Pennsylvania, USA. Throughfall δ18O averaged 0.17, 0.32 and 0.24%o greater than δ18O of open rainfall for all storms at the deciduous, pine and spruce sites, respectively. Throughfall 18O enrichment was greater in low intensity spring rainfall events than higher intensity growing season storms and greater in the coniferous stands than the deciduous hardwood stand. Maximum throughfall 18O enrichment of l.61%o occurred in the spruce forest during one spring event. The differences between rainfall and throughfall 18O observed in this study for individual storm events may have important implications for isotope flow separation studies. 相似文献
15.
The intra-annual and long-term variations in the nitrate and nitrite concentrations and transport are considered for the years 1948–1990. The nutrient loading on the Latvian rivers is subject to considerable intra-annual variations. Weak direct relationships with the fresh water inputs were observed for nitrite, while inverse ones were characteristic for nitrate. The nitrate and nitrite concentrations have been increasing since the late 1950s followed by an increase of the year-to-year variability. Non-point sources of anthropogenic impact (fertilizers leaching from agriculture and the reclamation) increase riverine concentrations of nitrogen compounds, and in particular of nitrate from 300–500 to 1300–1500%. 相似文献
16.
Simulation of eutrophication and associated occurrence of hypoxic and anoxic condition in a coastal bay in Japan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A probabilistic method of calculating the occurrence of oxygen-depleted water within a combined hydrothermal and water quality model was presented in this paper to investigate the environmental impact of eutrophication on the living resources. The method was applied to an eutrophicated shallow coastal bay in western Japan, where the occurrence of red tides at the water surface and the onset of bottom hypoxic waters are observed every summer. Both meteorology and freshwater inflow contribute to the development of stratification of the bay, thus limiting the dissolved oxygen supply to bottom waters. The resulting hydrodynamics enhances the development of oxygen-depleted bottom waters by transporting organic matter produced by algal blooms to the inner bay, where it decomposes and exerts high SOD. During August, about 60% of the inner bay is hypoxic for prolonged durations and as a result most of the benthic biota and fish die. The method used here is a very useful and informative way to evaluate the spatial and temporal damage and severity caused by hypoxia on living resources. Moreover, the model results agreed very well with the observed hydrodynamics, thermal structure and water quality data of the stratified bay. The model can be used for other lakes and bays where knowledge of temperature and density stratification is important for assessing water quality. 相似文献
17.
Hydroxylamine concentration and localization in the Volga reservoir cascade and in the lakes of Yaroslavl province and Vladimir province were studied. It was found that, in microaerophilic zones of the most productive lakes, the rate of hydroxylamine formation is higher and its localization does not depend on the type of the limnological object (a reservoir or a lake), but is determined by the oxygen regime of the water body in question. 相似文献
18.
高效净化氮磷污水的湿地水生植物筛选与组合 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
抚仙湖流域未进行生态修复的磷矿废弃地面积142×10^4m^2,对磷矿废弃地污染物流失量和区域内径流污染物含量进行调查观测,并提出磷矿废弃地水污染防治对策．富磷矿石剖面和堆土场在风化作用和降雨淋溶作用下,大量氟、磷等元素释放,造成磷矿区内地表径流和地下渗流污染结合实测的磷矿废弃地面积和土柱淋溶实验得到的污染物淋溶量,估算得到磷矿废弃地每年F和TP的淋溶流失量为60．65t／a和2734t／a,随地表径流迁移进入抚仙湖的F和TP分别为22．58t／a和7．27t／a由此可见,磷矿开采是抚仙湖的一个持久污染源,对湖泊营养化演变进程起了推动作用。 相似文献
19.
Abstract The paper discusses aspects of the isotopic composition (tritium and stable isotopes) of precipitation, which was monitored from 2000 to 2003 at 12 stations in Syria. The seasonal variations in δ18O are smaller at the western stations than at the eastern ones due to low seasonal temperature variations. A good correlation between δ2H and δ18O was obtained for each station, and the slopes of the local meteoric water lines are significantly lower than the Global Meteoric Water Line. Values of d-excess decrease from 19‰ at the western stations to 13‰ at the eastern ones, indicating the influence of precipitation generated by air masses coming from the Mediterranean Sea. A reliable altitude effect represented by depletion of heavy stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H), of about??0.21‰ and??1.47‰ per 100 m elevation, respectively, was observed. Monthly tritium contents in precipitation, and seasonal variations, are less at the western stations than at the eastern ones. The weighted mean tritium values are between 3 and 9 TU, and increase with distance from the Syrian coast by 1 TU/100 km. Citation Al Charideh, A. R. & Abou Zakhem, B. (2010) Distribution of tritium and stable isotopes in precipitation in Syria. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(5), 832–843. 相似文献
20.
Silver sorbs readily at low salinities to both phytoplankton and suspended sediments. As salinity increases, the degree of sorption decreases. Nearly 80% of silver sorbed to suspended sediments at low salinities will desorb at higher salinities, but desorption does not occur when silver is associated with phytoplankton. Thus, silver incorporation onto/into cellular material will increase the retention of silver within the estuary, reducing its rate of transport. 相似文献