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1.
为揭示冰封期氨氮（NH4+-N）在沉积物-水界面的迁移机制及内源性营养盐对全湖污染的贡献，于2018年2月初在乌梁素海湖区7个采样点采集了上覆水体与沉积物样品，得到了冰封期上覆水体与沉积物间隙水中的NH4+-N浓度，估算了沉积物-水界面NH4+-N的扩散通量.结果显示，上覆水体中NH4+-N浓度变化范围为0.55~1.60 mg/L，平均值为1.05 mg/L，0~5 cm表层沉积物间隙水中NH4+-N浓度是上覆水体中的10倍以上，其变化范围为6.64~18.63 mg/L，平均值为11.92 mg/L.估算沉积物间隙水NH4+-N向上覆水体的扩散通量为1.282~4.269 mg/（m2·d），表明在湖水冻结过程中，底泥沉积物接纳了大量的可溶性污染物成为内源污染源，会在冰封稳定期、融冰期和融冰后的一段时间内成为湖水的主要污染源. 相似文献
2.
对柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖区外围沙下盐湖的卤水及沉积进行了综合研究。沙下盐湖卤水化学组成与地表径流和开放性盐湖卤水之间存在明显的差异性,具有高Na++Cl-、低Mg2++Ca2++SO42-、贫K++CO32-+HCO3-等特征。沙下盐湖析盐层位含有新生矿物并夹带碎屑矿物,其盐类矿物组合为:石盐+羟氯镁铝石+光卤石。25℃等温蒸发相图表明,其卤水演化方向往光卤石析出区迁移,在穿越上覆盖层通道中卤水发生的物理化学反应与独特的沉积特征,可以作为继续寻找沙下盐湖的指导。 相似文献
3.
新疆艾比湖干涸湖底不同景观单元蒸发盐分布与变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
盐尘暴是由干旱、半干旱区尾闾湖干涸湖底及其附近盐质荒漠风蚀所导致的一种灾害性极强的天气现象.盐尘主要来自风蚀过程中干涸湖底盐分的释放.由于干涸湖底不同的植被覆盖状况,导致风蚀过程中盐分损失不同.为了解风蚀过程中不同景观单元下盐分分布与变化特征,选择艾比湖干涸湖底自然状态下典型的6种景观单元(胡杨林带(Landscape 1,简写为L1)、乔本结合带(L2)、草本结合带(L3)、芦苇荒漠带(L4)、梭梭荒漠带(L5)、无植被覆盖(L6)),于2011年6月初和10月初2次采集沉积物样品,运用方差分析方法,研究各个景观单元下盐分的分布与季节变化特征.结果表明:1)2次采样不同景观单元0~30 cm和30~60 cm处阳离子Na+、K+、Mg2+含量均存在显著差异,其中Na+含量存在极显著差异且含量最高,而不同景观单元0~30 cm和30~60 cm处阴离子Cl-、SO42-含量均存在显著差异,CO32-、HCO3-含量甚微;2)干涸湖底沉积物的主要盐分类型是NaCl,其次是CaSO4,其它盐分含量较小,且不同景观单元相同深度沉积物盐分含量存在显著差异.无论是盐分离子组成还是含量,L5均最高,其次是L6,而L2均最低.随着深度的增加,不同景观单元沉积物中的盐分含量均呈现降低的趋势.随着时间变化,景观单元L2、L3、L4、L5、L6盐分含量有不同程度的增加,而L1盐分含量减少;3)在小尺度范围内,局地气候条件相对均一,地下水矿化度、地下水埋深及沉积物性质差别不大,不同景观类型是影响盐分表聚的主要因素. 相似文献
4.
典型对应分析在青藏高原现代湖泊硅藻与环境研究中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用一种新的多变量分析工具——典型对应分析(CCA), 有效地揭示了青藏高原45个湖泊表层沉积硅藻种群与水环境之间的关系. 在12个水环境指标中, 水深, 电导率(conductivity), Cl-, Mg2+, K+和pH值能够用于硅藻数据的解释, 具有独立解释的显著性(p<0.05). CCA前两个轴(l1＝0.34, l2 = 0.27)捕捉了16.1%的硅藻数据信息, 解释57.4%的硅藻与环境指标关系, 多余环境变量和异常样品的删除并没有对硅藻数据的解释造成多大的影响. 分析表明, 水深和盐度是影响青藏高原硅藻分布的两个重要的环境要素梯度, 水深梯度主要与轴1相关, 矿化度, Cl-, Mg2+和K+则与前两个轴均相关, 代表了盐度变化的方向. 硅藻-环境模式的确定, 为硅藻-环境指标的定量化研究提供了重要依据. 相似文献
5.
不同水生植物对富营养化水体无机氮吸收动力学特征 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
采用浓度梯度法,研究了鸢尾(Iris louisiana)、狐尾藻(Myriophyllum verticillatum)、茭白(Zizania latifolia)和水芹(Oenanthe clecumbens)对硝态氮(NO3--N)和铵态氮(NH4+-N)吸收动力学特征.结果表明:4种水生植物对水体NO3--N和NH4+-N吸收可用Michaelis-Menten酶动力学方程描述,随溶液NO3--N和NH4+-N浓度增加,植物吸收NO3--N和NH4+-N速率增加,当溶液NO3--N和NH4+-N浓度接近于2.0 mmol/L时,吸收速率增加趋缓;4种水生植物对NO3--N和NH4+-N的Vmax值大小为水芹 >茭白 >鸢尾 >狐尾藻,对NO3--N的Km值大小为水芹 >鸢尾=茭白=狐尾藻,对NH4+-N的Km值大小为水芹 >狐尾藻 >茭白=鸢尾.根据吸收动力学参数(Vmax,Km)判断水芹适宜于净化NO3--N和NH4+-N浓度较高的水体,茭白、鸢尾和狐尾藻适合净化NO3--N和NH4+-N浓度较低水体;4种水生植物对NO3--N、NH4+-N表现出不同的吸收偏好性,鸢尾吸收NO3--N的潜力大于吸收NH4+-N的,但对NH4+-N的亲和力大于NO3--N,表明能在NO3--N浓度较高环境中优先吸收NH4+-N.狐尾藻和水芹对NO3--N和NH4+-N能均衡吸收.茭白对NH4+-N具有较高的吸收潜力与亲和力. 相似文献
6.
本文通过揭示宵蔵盐湖卤水在浓缩过程中成盐元素的行为以及卤水水化学炎型与PH值等的变化，得出结论如下：1.卤水中主要离子的演化方向是按Ca2+→Na+→K+→Mg2+→Ca2+（阳离子）和CO32-→HCO3-→SO42-→Cl-（阴离子）顺序进行。2.除了析出固体外，微量元素一般在最后的浓缩卤水和析盐后的残余卤水中髙度富集。已査明盐湖卤水中有63种元素，其中钾、镁、硼、锂、铷、铯、铀、钍、稀土、氘已构成可以综合利用的宝贵资源。 相似文献
7.
浮游植物对氮的吸收与其生长繁殖密切相关，太湖梅梁湾湖区蓝藻水华频频暴发，对该水域浮游植物氮吸收进行研究具有重要意义.本文分别在冬、春、夏、秋4个季节于梅梁湾采样，对水体常规理化指标和浮游植物群落结构进行分析，并利用15N稳定同位素示踪技术研究了浮游植物对铵态氮（NH4+-N）、硝态氮（NO3--N）和尿素态氮（Urea-N）吸收的动力学特征.结果表明，太湖梅梁湾浮游植物群落除了秋季对NH4+-N的吸收不符合米氏方程外，其余均符合.冬季和春季3种形态氮最大吸收速率（Vmax）的大小依次为：NH4+-N > NO3--N > Urea-N，而夏季为：NH4+-N > Urea-N > NO3--N.3种形态氮Vmax的季节变化规律为夏季 > 秋季 > 春季 > 冬季.Vmax在不同季节以及不同形态氮之间的差异性可能与浮游植物群落组成以及水体中NH4+-N浓度不同有关.浮游植物对NH4+-N吸收的KS值在冬、春季高于夏季，对Urea-N吸收的Ks值则在夏、秋季高于冬、春季，而对NO3--N吸收的Ks值则在夏季显著高于其他3个季节.冬季和春季梅梁湾浮游植物群落最容易受到NO3--N限制，而最不容易受到Urea-N的限制；而夏季，则最容易受到NO3--N限制，而最不容易受到NH4+-N的限制，且浮游植物群落对NH4+-N的亲和力最高.与NO3--N相比，秋季浮游植物更容易受到Urea-N的限制.不同季节，容易对浮游植物产生限制作用的氮的形态不同. 相似文献
8.
通过模拟沙湖沉积物-水系统,以沙湖原水氟离子（F-）浓度为1倍浓度（0.69 mg/L）,设置0.5倍浓度、1倍浓度、1倍浓度灭菌、2倍浓度和4倍浓度共5个实验组,探究不同上覆水F-浓度背景下沙湖沉积物中F-的迁移.结果表明,沉积物F-的释放量随上覆水F-浓度的增加而呈下降的趋势,其中2倍和4倍浓度组的沉积物由释放F-转变为吸附F-.碱性水体有利于沉积物F-的释放,即随着pH增大,F-释放量也会增加.微生物的Beta多样性层次聚类分析表明,F-会抑制Paenisporosarcina与Thiobacillus的相对丰度,但对Fusibacter的生命活动具有促进作用.根据各浓度组间优势菌属相对丰度与环境因子的冗余分析可得,Acinetobacter、Thiobacillus相对丰度与pH呈负相关;Fusibacter相对丰度与F-浓度呈显著正相关,而Thiobacillus的相对丰度则与F-表现出弱负相关.通过对各浓度组中重要离子的分析发现,0.5倍组和4倍组中F-的迁移受Ca2+、HCO3-和SO42-浓度影响较大;相关性分析表明0.5倍浓度组的Ca2+、HCO3-浓度与F-浓度呈极显著正相关,而4倍组中F-浓度和Ca2+、HCO3-浓度呈负相关,SO42-浓度和F-浓度的相关性则是0.5倍组呈负相关,4倍组呈极显著正相关.本文在不同上覆水F-浓度背景下全面探究了沙湖沉积物中F-释放和迁移机理,为沙湖及其他含氟地表水的氟污染防治提供理论支持. 相似文献
9.
通过测量辽宁省鞍山-海城地区地震重点监测区地下水离子浓度和氢、氧同位素组成，讨论了该区地下水化学类型的时空变化及其成因。测量结果表明，取样点水温变化范围为11.0～97.0℃，水样的总固溶物（TDS）在197.89～829.99mg/L之间，水样分为8种化学类型。大部分水样的δD、δ18O值均沿中国东北地区大气降水线分布，少数有所偏离，表明该区的地下水主要接受大气降水的补给，并可能有深部水的供给。研究区Ca-HCO3和Ca·Mg-HCO3型水主要是岩石风化溶解和阳离子交换作用的结果；Ca-HCO3·Cl和Ca·Na-Cl·SO4型水主要受岩石风化溶解、阳离子交换作用、深部卤水混入或人类活动影响；Ca-HCO3·SO4和Ca-SO4·HCO3型水与岩石风化溶解以及深部流体混入有关；Na-SO4·HCO3和Na-HCO3·SO4型水主要是深部来源水体的混入造成的。采样期间研究区发生2次ML≥3.0地震，采样点在地震发生月份出现了明显的离子浓度异常变化；Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cl-和SO42-浓度变化明显，对地震活动响应较灵敏。 相似文献
10.
柴达木盆地一里坪盐湖卤水水化学及夏季蒸发中钾、锂、硼行为 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文综合利用Na+，K+，Mg2+//Cl-，SO42--H2O五元体系干基图、水图、钠图，研究柴达木盆地一里坪盐湖硫酸盐型卤水水化学特征受外来淡水补给掺杂、选择性溶解、年温差等多因素影响产生的季节性变化，其中温度为主要因素.当卤水温度降低至0℃，开始析出芒硝，水化学变质系数MgSO4/MgCl2比值急剧下降，水化学特征由硫酸镁亚型向氯化物型转化过渡.通过20~25℃晶间卤水L10和L20蒸发实验研究，确定了一里坪卤水蒸发路线、液固相组成、物相鉴定、水化学特征系数、离子行为等变化及成盐特征，并与25℃ Na+，K+，Mg2+//Cl-，SO42--H2O五元体系介稳相图理论预测计算综合对比，二者吻合性比较好，整体相对误差能控制在5%范围内，利用相图理论计算能够很好地指导实际硫酸盐型卤水蒸发析盐.利用水化学特征系数KCl/MgCl2、MgSO4/MgCl2，研究了25℃硫酸盐型盐湖卤水钾盐成盐特征，当变质系数MgSO4/MgCl2高于0.13时，卤水钾盐矿物析出的同时，伴随有泻利盐共同析出.利用含Li+、borate、Mg2+水盐体系相图，研究一里坪老卤水深度蒸发中Li、B的行为，理论预测计算结果，剩余老卤水Mg2+/Li+比值降至27时，卤水中的Li、B始终以离子形式赋存于卤水中继续富集，此时卤水的累积成卤率仅为2.50%~3.20%，须引入新的工艺技术进行Li、B提取.研究结果为极高镁锂比、高镁硼比的硫酸盐型卤水的综合开发利用提供了理论支持. 相似文献
11.
为探讨单一因素(如浓度、温度、酸碱度)对冰封期乌梁素海中营养盐和盐分(总氮、总磷、Na+和Cl-)迁移的影响,对不同条件下各物质水样进行室内单向结冰模拟,分析总结物质在冰层和冰下水层中的分布特征,并用分配系数(K)来表征.结果表明:冰体中物质浓度随水样初始浓度(C0)的增大而增大,随结冰温度的升高而减小;各物质在冰体中的浓度分布表现为顶层中层底层.总氮、总磷的分配系数K随C0的增大呈递减趋势,Na+和Cl-的K值随C0的增大呈递增趋势;对各条件下的K值进行假设检验,结果为:水样中物质初始浓度和结冰温度显著影响其在冰-水体系中的分布;同一温度下,C0较小时,酸碱度显著影响各物质在冰-水体系中的分布,C0较大时,酸碱度显著影响Na+和Cl-在冰-水体系中的分布,但对总氮、总磷浓度分布的影响不显著.可见,在不同环境因素下,各物质在冰-水体系中表现出不同的分布特征,对此进行模拟可为寒区湖泊污染物迁移和生物地球化学循环的研究提供一定的参考. 相似文献
12.
Thermokarst lakes play a key role in the hydrological and biogeochemical cycles of permafrost regions. Current knowledge regarding the changes caused by permafrost degradation to the hydrochemistry of lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is limited. To address this gap, a systematic investigation of thermokarst lake water, suprapermafrost water, ground ice, and precipitation was conducted in the hinterland of the QTP. The thermokarst lake water in the QTP was identified to be of the Na-HCO3-Cl type. The mean concentrations of HCO3− and Na+ were 281.8 mg L−1 (146.0–546.2 mg L−1) and 73.3 mg L−1 (9.2–345.8 mg L−1), respectively. The concentrations of Li+, NH4+, K+, F−, NO2−, and NO3− were relatively low. Freeze-out fractionation concentrated the dissolved solids within the lake water during winter, which was deeply deepened on lake depth and lake ice thickness. Owing to solute enrichment, the ground ice was characterized by high salinity. Conversely, repeated replenishment via precipitation led to lower solute concentrations in the ground ice near the permafrost table compared to that within the permafrost. Although lower solute concentration existed in precipitation, the soil leaching and saline ground ice melting processes enhanced the solute load in suprapermafrost water, which is considered an important water and solute resource in thermokarst lakes. The influencing mechanism of permafrost degradation on thermokarst lake hydrochemistry is presumably linked to: (1) the liberation of soluble materials sequestered in ground ice; (2) the increase of solutes in suprapermafrost water and soil pore water; and (3) the changes in lake morphometry. These results have major implications on the understanding of the effects of ground ice melting on ecosystem functions, biogeochemical processes, and energy balance in a rapidly changing climate. 相似文献
13.
巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊水化学空间分布特征 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
通过对巴丹吉林沙漠腹地拐子湖-地质公园一线51个湖泊水,8个泉水,12个井水及1个雨水水样的水化学成分分析,初步探讨了沙漠湖泊水化学分布特征及其影响因素.结果表明由东南边缘至腹地湖泊总体上依次呈硫酸盐型-碳酸盐型-氯化物型分布.东南边缘以Na+、Cl-、SO24-为主的湖泊因矿化度分异,形成Ca2+、Mg2+含量不同的三种亚型,其中高矿化度的Na-Cl-(SO4)型湖泊在腹地湖泊群中也有出现,表现出地理上的不连续分布;边缘若干湖泊受局部地理环境的影响水离子多含Na+、Cl-、CO32-+HCO3-.综合分析表明湖泊水化学型的空间分异与区域气候差异和气候变化有关,湖水直接或间接地接受当地降水补给,但不排除外源地下水补给对其有一定贡献.通过对比不同时段部分沙漠湖泊水化学特征发现近十年以来腹地湖泊补给源或受气候干暖化影响使其水化学特性较边缘湖泊的变化大. 相似文献
14.
The relations between lake surface sediment diatoms and water environmental variables were revealed effectively by use of a new multivariate canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) based on 45 lakes in the Tibetan Plateau. Water depth, conductivity, Cl?, Mg2+, K+ and pH, identified from 12 contemporary water environmental variables, can significantly and independently explain the diatom distributions (p<0.05). The first two axes (λ1=0.34, λ2=0.27) capture 16.1% of the variance in the species data, and account for 57.4% of the variance in diatom-environment relationship. The deletion of redundant environmental variables and unusual samples do not influence the explanation to diatom data. The final CCA result indicates that the water depth and the salinity are the two important environmental gradients and influence the diatom distribution in the plateau lakes. The water depth correlates with axis 1, while conductivity, Cl?, Mg2+ and K+, indicating the direction of salinity changes, correlate with both of the first two axes. The definition of diatom-environment model may provide a basis for further quantitative inference on diatom-environment transfer function. 相似文献
15.
伴随结冰过程的盐分排出是驱动冰封浅湖营养盐动态变化的关键过程,影响湖泊水质、环境与生态演变.为探究湖冰冻融过程如何改变寒区浅湖营养盐条件,采用自制定向冻结装置开展了无机氮磷营养盐溶液(NH3-N、NO-2-N、NO-3-N、PO3-4-P)的室内冻结试验,结合现场采样分析评估了冻结排出效应对典型浅湖氮磷营养盐的影响.结果表明:营养盐浓度、盐度(以NaCl表征)是影响冻结排出效率的关键因素;随营养盐浓度的升高,冰内营养盐浓度升高,但冻结分离系数减小;若盐度升高,冰内营养盐浓度和分离系数均增大,主要与未冻卤水泡的形成有关;3种形态的无机氮、磷酸根的分离系数均存在明显差异.将试验结果应用于内蒙古乌梁素海结冰期氮磷营养分析,计算表明湖冰冻结排盐过程不仅造成湖水各类营养盐浓度升高,同时改变无机氮素构成、氮磷比等营养结构状态;特别是若湖泊盐度发生变化,氮磷营养盐的冻结排出效率及其差异性均会显著改变,增加冰封期湖泊营养条件的时空变异性.本文结果可广泛应用于定量评价冰层冻融过程对冬季湖泊营养条件的影响,有助于理解冰封期浮游植物群落演变的内在驱动力. 相似文献
16.
The cherts formed from sodium silicate precursors in East African saline, alkaline lakes have δ18O values ranging from 31.1 to 44.1. The δ18O values correlate in general with lake salinities as inferred from geologic evidence, indicating that most chert was formed from its precursor in contact with lake water trapped at the time of deposition. A few of the analyzed cherts probably formed in contact with dilute meteoric water. From the widely varying δ18O values we conclude that precursors were transformed to chert in fluids of widely varying salinity and aNa+/aH+ ratio. 相似文献
17.
Salinity is a vital factor that regulates leaf photosynthesis and growth of mangroves, and it frequently undergoes large seasonal and daily fluctuations creating a range of environments – oligohaline to hyperhaline. Here, we examined the hypotheses that mangroves benefit opportunistically from low salinity resulting from daily fluctuations and as such, mangroves under daily fluctuating salinity (FS) grow better than those under constant salinity (CS) conditions. We compared growth, salt accumulation, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves of mangrove Bruguiera gymnorhiza seedlings growing in freshwater (FW), CS (15 practical salinity units, PSU), and daily FS (0–30 PSU, average of 4.8 PSU) conditions. The traits of FS-treated leaves were measured in seedlings under 15 PSU. FS-treated seedlings had greater leaf biomass than those in other treatment groups. Moreover, leaf photosynthetic rate, capacity to regulate photoelectron uptake/transfer, and leaf succulence were significantly higher in FS than in CS treatment. However, leaf water-use efficiency showed the opposite trend. In addition to higher concentrations of Na+ and Cl−, FS-treated leaves accumulated more Ca2+ and K+. We concluded that daily FS can enhance water absorption, photosynthesis, and growth of leaves, as well as alter plant biomass allocation patterns, thereby positively affecting B. gymnorhiza. Mangroves that experience daily FS may increase their adaptability by reducing salt build-up and water deficits when their roots are temporally subjected to low salinity or FW and by absorbing sufficient amounts of Na+ and Cl− for osmotic adjustment when their roots are subsequently exposed to saline water. 相似文献
18.
淮北临涣矿采煤沉陷区不同水体水化学特征及其影响因素 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为研究淮北临涣矿采煤沉陷区不同水体的补给水源及溶质来源,在现场调查的基础上,系统采集丰水期、平水期、枯水期沉陷区积水、地表河水和浅层地下水样进行测试分析,采用Piper三线图、Gibbs图和因子分析方法,对不同水体水化学特征及其影响因素进行讨论.结果表明:地表水水体总溶解性固体(TDS)质量浓度表现为枯水期丰水期平水期,浅层地下水表现为枯水期平水期丰水期,地表水TDS质量浓度明显高于浅层地下水.地表水中主要阴阳离子为Na~+、Cl~-和SO_4~(2-),水化学类型主要为SO_4~(2-)-Cl~--Na~+型;浅层地下水离子以HCO_3~-、Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)为主,表现为HCO_3~--Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)型.结合Gibbs图和因子分析可知,地表水受蒸发作用、地表径流以及采煤活动等因素影响,浅层地下水在一定程度上体现出大气降水和地表水补给的特点,受岩石风化作用影响较为明显. 相似文献
19.
Groundwater salinization has become a crucial environmental problem worldwide and is considered the most widespread form of groundwater contamination in the coastal zone. In this study, a hydrochemical investigation was conducted in the eastern coastal shallow aquifer of Laizhou Bay to identify the hydrochemical characteristics and the salinity of groundwater using ionic ratios, deficit or excess of each ions, saturation indices and factor analysis. The results indicate that groundwater in the study area showed wide ranges and high standard deviations for most of hydrochemical parameters and can be classified into two hydrochemical facies, Ca2+‐Mg2+‐Cl‐ facies and Na+‐Cl‐ facies. The ionic ratio, deficit or excess of each ions and SI were applied to evaluate hydrochemical processes. The results obtained indicate that the salinization processes in the coastal zones were inverse cation exchange, dissolution of calcite and dolomite, and intensive agricultural practices. Factor analysis shows that three factors were determined (Factor 1: TDS, EC, Cl‐, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and SO42‐; Factor 2: HCO3‐ and pH; Factor 3: NO3‐ and pH), representing the signature of seawater intrusion in the coastal zone, weathering of water–soil/rock interaction, and nitrate contamination, respectively. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
Lithological and hydrological controls on water composition: evaporite dissolution and glacial weathering in the south central Andes of Argentina (33°–34°S) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Lithological and hydrological influence on fluvial physical and chemical erosion was studied in a glacierized sedimentary basin with high evaporite presence. Suspended particulate matter (SPM), total dissolved solids (TDS) and major ion concentrations were analysed for 2 years of different hydrologic condition: (i) 2009–2010, Q = 100% average; and (ii) 2010–2011, Q = 60% average. Annual hydrograph was simple regime‐type with one peak in summer related to snow melting. The intra‐annual SPM and TDS variations were directly and inversely associated to Q, respectively. Snow chemistry showed continental influence (Na+/Ca2+ = 0.17), and atmospheric input of TDS was <1% of the total exported flux. River water was highly concentrated in Ca2+ and SO42− (~4 mmol l−1) and in Na+ and Cl− (~3 mmol l−1). Ca2+/SO42− and Na+/Cl− molar ratios were ~1 and related to Q, directly and inversely, respectively. Major ion relationships suggest that river chemistry is controlled by evaporite (gypsum and halite) dissolution having a summer input from sulfide oxidation and carbonate dissolution, and a winter input from subsurface flow loaded with silicate weathering products. This variation pattern resulted in nearly chemostatic behaviour for Ca+, Mg2+ and SO42−, whereas Na+, Cl− and SiO2 concentrations showed to be controlled by dilution/concentration processes. During the 2009–2010 hydrological year, the fluxes of water, SPM and TDS registered in the snow melting–high Q season were, respectively, 71%, 92% and 67% of the annual total, whereas for equal period in 2010–2011, 56% of water, 86% of SPM and 54% of TDS annual fluxes were registered. The SPM fluxes for 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 were 1.19 × 106 and 0.79 × 106 t year−1, whereas TDS fluxes were 0.68 × 106 and 0.55 × 106 t year−1, respectively. Export rates for 2009–2010 were 484 t km2 year−1 for SPM and 275 t km2 year−1 for TDS. These rates are higher than those observed in glacierized granite basins and in non‐glacierized evaporite basins, suggesting a synergistic effect of lithology and glaciers on physical and chemical erosion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献