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《地震工程与工程振动》2021,41(2)
考虑实际地震作用多维性对钢筋混凝土矩形空心桥墩抗震性能的影响,文中在前期低周反复加载抗震性能测试结果的基础上,采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,对其进行了非线性分析。将有限元模型的计算结果与试验模型的试验结果进行了对比验证,具体研究了3种加载路径(先X向后Y向、先Y向后X向、XY向同步)对钢筋混凝土矩形空心桥墩抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明,先X向后Y向和先Y向后X向的加载方式计算得出的承载力、变形、刚度等抗震性能指标很接近;而X、Y向同时加载方式与双向先后加载方式相比,模型抗震承载力和相应位移都有大幅度的降低,前者降低至后者的80%,同步加载试件的刚度衰减速度也明显快于双向先后加载试件。 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(6)
基于USGS公布滑动分布模型,本文利用用地壳分层模型,考虑到自重及黏弹特性,采用数值模拟的方法,对尼泊尔M_W7.9大地震同震及黏弹松弛效应引起的震后形变场及重力变化进行模拟计算,并与发震断层地表投影面附近区域实测同震GPS水平形变数据对比,结果显示:(1)同震形变场及重力变化均显示该次地震主要表现为逆冲型,且主要形变及重力变化主要发生在发震断层地表投影区域,离断层越远区域,形变量及重力变化值越小;(2)震后形变量及重力变化均增大,且影响范围逐渐增大,其中,垂直形变变化趋势与重力变化相反,表明地表高程变化与重力变化具密切的联系;(3)模拟同震结果与实测同震水平形变结果比较符合,少数台站点差异较大,但运动趋势与实测结果基本一致,一定程度上验证了模拟同震及震后形变量及重力变化的可靠性. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2016,(3)
厦门台重力固体潮观测长期受海潮负荷影响.应用重力固体潮观测资料进行地震预报和地球物理研究时,需要对其海潮负荷的影响和改正进行研究.本文应用TSOFT软件对厦门台弹簧重力仪五年的连续观测数据进行预处理,并采用Venedikov调和分析方法获得重力固体潮潮汐参数.基于DTU10、EOT11a、HAMTIDE11a、GOT4.7、FES2004、NAO99b、TPXO7.2和TPXO7.2atlas八个较新的全球海潮模型,结合osu.chinasea.2010和NAO.99Jb两个区域海潮模型,研究了厦门台的重力海潮负荷特征并对其进行海潮负荷改正.数值结果表明,经过区域海潮模型修正后的厦门台海潮负荷为7.3μgal.八个全球海潮模型对主要潮波的负荷改正有效性的差异不大.应用NAO.99Jb区域海潮模型修正的M2波剩余残差值比osu.chinasea.2010小.观测残差负荷改正有效性大致在40%~70%.统计对比O1、K1、M2波的残差平方和结果表明,对厦门台进行海潮负荷改正时,应用经NAO.99Jb区域海潮模型改正的NAO.99b全球海潮模型残差结果最小,经NAO.99Jb区域海潮模型改正的DTU10全球海潮模型次之.这可能与NAO.99Jb模型考虑日本沿岸验潮站资料有关.考虑高精度近海海潮模型的构建和验潮站资料的弥补以及数据预处理方法的改进,可以进一步提高厦门台的海潮负荷的改正效果. 相似文献
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本文利用卡罗琳板块及其附近地区的自由空气重力异常和海水深度数据,结合滑动窗口导纳技术(MWAT),计算了该地区的岩石圈有效弹性厚度T_e.本文使用Multitaper(多窗谱)方法对功率谱密度进行估计,基于实际的海底地形,通过模拟计算得到了MWAT方法较真值的改正,MWAT方法计算的结果偏小20%左右.研究结果显示卡罗琳板块及其附近地区的T_e变化范围为1~34km.研究区域包括了海山、海底高原、俯冲带、扩张洋脊等多种构造,对它们的岩石圈强度的研究为认识西太平洋地区岩石圈的构造和演化提供了重要的依据.T_e与加载时的岩石圈年龄、地表热流相关.T_e与海底地壳年龄之间的关系显示T_e主要位于板块冷却模型的450℃的等温线深度以上.西太平洋的Magellan海山和Marcus-Wake Guyots(MWG)地区的T_e主要分布在加载形成时板块冷却模型的200℃的等温线深度附近,较低的等温线可能受太平洋超级地幔柱的影响.我们的研究结果也显示在研究区域内海洋地壳的热流与T_e之间存在一定的反相关性. 相似文献
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根据重力地质法（GGM）,利用南中国海海域内63179个船测控制点水深将测高自由空间重力异常划分为长波参考场和短波残差场,并反演出了该海域112°E-119°E,12°N-20°N范围的1’×1’海底地形模型,该过程中使用的海水和海底洋壳密度差异常数1.32 g·cm-3通过实测水深估计得到.利用反演得到的GGM模型对剩余的10529个检核点船测水深插值计算后与实测水深进行比较,其较差结果的均值为-1.64 m,标准差为76.95 m,相对精度为4.06%.此外,根据船测点数量、分布和海底地形的不同,选择了三个海域进行统计,结果表明：在船测控制点分布均匀的海域,GGM模型精度优于ETOPO1模型,在控制点过于分散的海域其精度会有所下降,但好于船测水深的直接格网化结果.为进一步探究检核点的较差结果中出现较大数值的成因,本文对精度较差的点位进行了单独分析,选择了两条船测航迹剖面进行了研究,并分析了检核点的水深较差、相对精度与水深和重力异常的关系,结果表明：GGM模型精度受水深和重力异常的相关性影响较小,受海底地形复杂程度影响较大,地形坡度变化平缓海域的预测精度明显高于海山地区.最后,综合GGM模型和ETOPO1模型优势,利用所有船测水深作为控制,生成了综合的海底地形模型. 相似文献
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水质量分布变化对重力观测的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
利用全球7000多个陆地气象台站观测资料、TOPEX/Poseidon卫星测高资料、多层海水温盐度数据和负荷格林函数,采用数值积分法,计算了陆地水储量及海水质量分布变化引起我国20个测站的重力变化.结果表明,我国一些测站观测的重力受水质量迁移影响超过3μGal,可见在应用重力仪观测资料研究地球动力学时,有必要作水负荷改正.另外,文中还对武汉测站的超导重力仪观测的残差和水负荷的计算结果作了比较,并讨论了不同的地球模型及气象数据对计算测站重力的影响. 相似文献
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测点周围环境变化对重力观测影响研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
分析重力测点周围土壤浸湿和环境变化对重力观测影响的模型，计算了重力测点周围由于土壤浸湿和环境变化对重力观测的影响实例，结果表明：两种情况一般都会对重力观测造成一定影响，提出了在进行重力观测和重力资料分析时如何避免环境变化引起的重力观测影响的建议。 相似文献
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张家口地震台gPhone连续重力观测仪潮汐因子自2016年6月出现持续下降的趋势变化,累计变化量达到7×10-3。分析重力残差曲线,异常出现时同期残差数据未出现同步变化;将去零漂前后潮汐因子的变化情况进行对比分析,发现潮汐因子变化趋势一致,排除仪器调零影响;针对新建楼房可能引起的重力变化,建立了重力正演模型,计算结果显示,新建楼房的荷载变化仅能引起0.31微伽的重力变化,表明新建楼房对重力观测的影响较弱。综合分析认为,此次出现的重力潮汐因子下降趋势异常可能为前兆异常,需加强跟踪分析。 相似文献
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Heikki Virtanen 《Journal of Geodynamics》2004,38(3-5):407
Loading by atmosphere and by the Baltic Sea cause gravity change at Metsähovi, located 15 km from the open sea. Gravity is changed by both the Newtonian attraction of the loading mass and by the crustal deformation. We have performed loading calculations using appropriate Green's function for both gravity and deformation, for both atmospheric and Baltic loading. The loading by atmosphere has been computed using a detailed surface pressure field from high resolution limited area model (HIRLAM) for north Europe up to 10° distances. Baltic Sea level is modelled using tide gauge records. Calculations show that 1 m of uniform layer of water corresponds to 31 nm s−2 in gravity and −11 mm in height. Modelled loading is compared with observations of the superconducting gravimeter T020 for years 1994–2002. The combination of HIRLAM and a tide gauge record decreases RMS of gravity residuals by 14% compared to single admittance in air pressure corrections without sea level data. Regression of gravity residuals on the tide gauge record at Helsinki (at 30 km distance) gives a gravity effect of 26 nm s−2 m−1 for Baltic loading.The gravity station is co-located with a permanent GPS station. We have also associated the loading effects of the atmosphere and of the Baltic Sea with temporal height variations. The range of modelled vertical motion due to air pressure was 46 mm and that due to sea level 18 mm. The total range was 38 mm. The effects of the Baltic Sea and of the atmosphere partly cancel each other, since at longer periods the inverse barometer assumption is valid. Regression of the modelled height on local air pressure gives −0.37 mm hPa−1, corresponding approximately to width 6° for pressure system.We have tested the models using one year of daily GPS data. Multilinear regression on local air pressure and sea level in Helsinki gives the coefficient −0.34 mm hPa−1 for pressure, and −11 mm m−1 for sea level. These match model values. Loading by air pressure and Baltic Sea explains nearly 40% of the variance of daily GPS height solutions. 相似文献
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The loading effect of the Baltic Sea is immediately recognizable in the gravity record of the superconducting gravimeter T020 in Metsähovi, Finland, by simply inspecting residual gravity together with the tide gauge record at Helsinki 30 km away. The station is 10 km from the nearest bay of the Baltic Sea and 15 km from the open sea. Sea level variations in the Baltic are non-tidal and driven at short periods primarily by wind stress, at longer periods by water exchange through the Danish straits. Locally they can have a range of 2–3 m. Loading calculations show that a uniform layer of water covering the complete Baltic Sea increases the gravity in Metsähovi by 31 nm/s2 per 1 m of water, and the vertical deformation is −11 mm. The observed gravity response to the local sea level is generally less, since the variations at short periods are far from uniform areally, the same water volume just being redistributed to different places. Regression of the whole gravity record (1994-2001) on local sea level gives 50–70% of the uniform layer response, as do loading calculations using actual water distributions derived from 11 tide gauges. However, both fits are dominated by some extreme values of short duration, and parts of the gravity record with long-period variations in sea level are close to the uniform layer response. The gravity observations can be used to test corrections for other co-located geodetic observations (GPS, satellite laser ranging) which are influenced by the load effect but not sensitive enough to discriminate between models. 相似文献
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We investigate in this paper various approaches to correct gravity changes for the effect of atmospheric pressure changes. Two specific locations are considered: Strasbourg (France) as mid-latitude station, where regular pressure fronts occur and Djougou (Benin) as equatorial station with large thermally driven S1 and S2 waves of planetary extent. We first review the classical approaches based on a constant or frequency-dependent admittance using only local pressure and gravity data. We consider then a model of atmospheric loading and show the barometric admittance in terms of elastic, Newtonian and total load, as a function of the distance from the station. We consider both a 2D pressure model (surface loading) and a 2.5D model, where the density decreases with height (standard atmosphere). Assuming horizontal advection in the atmospheric dynamics, we convert this spatially dependent admittance into a frequency-dependent admittance. Using global pressure data from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) at about 12 km spatial resolution and 3 h sampling, we compute the model-predicted pressure admittance for Djougou and Strasbourg and we simulate the frequency dependence inferred from gravity and pressure observations below 4 cycle per day. A long gravity and pressure data set (1996–2013) from Strasbourg is used to investigate the low frequency part of the pressure admittance while a common 2.5 year data set (August 2010–February 2013) for Strasbourg and Djougou is then analyzed to investigate the high frequency part of the admittance. In both cases, our results are in close agreement with the predictions inferred from an atmospheric 2.5D loading model with a distance–time relationship due to horizontal advection. The frequency dependence of the barometric admittance is explained by the competing contributions of Newtonian attraction and elastic surface deformation according to the distance from the gravimeter. In the far field (low frequencies), the magnitude of the admittance decreases with frequency because of the combined elasticity effect and Newtonian attraction (when the atmosphere is below the horizon) while, on the contrary, in the near field (high frequencies), elasticity becomes negligible and the pressure admittance mainly decreases with increasing frequency because of the decreasing attraction effect of the atmospheric masses inside the cylindrical pressure cell centered on the sensor location of decreasing radius. In the last part, we show that there is variability in time in the pressure admittance for both stations. 相似文献
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利用弹性地球负荷理论和流体静力学平衡假设条件下的干空气及其垂直温度梯度分布,理论计算了大气压力作用下地表位移、重力和倾斜格林函数．详细讨论了不同地球模型、台站高程、周边地形、地表大气温度和水汽含量等因素对计算结果的影响．数值结果说明大气效应弹性项影响主要来自于远离台站的区域;引力项对重力的影响主要贡献来自于台站近区,对倾斜的影响来自于远离台站的区域．各种因素对大气重力和倾斜格林函数的影响分别在01°和1°角距范围内,但其综合影响较为复杂． 相似文献
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连续重力观测和GPS的技术结合能够监测到物质迁移和地壳垂直形变之间的量化关系.和相对重力测量以及绝对重力测量技术相比,其避免了时间分辨率和观测精度低,无法精细描述观测周期内的物质迁移过程问题.本文利用武汉九峰地震台超导重力仪SGC053超过13000 h连续重力观测数据;同址观测的绝对重力仪观测结果;气压数据;周边GPS观测结果;GRACE卫星的时变重力场;全球水储量模型等资料,采用同址观测技术、调和分析法、相关分析方法在扣除九峰地震台潮汐、气压、极移和仪器漂移的基础上,利用重力残差时间序列和GPS垂直位移研究物质迁移和地壳垂直形变之间的量化关系.结果表明:在改正连续重力观测数据的潮汐、气压、极移的影响后,不仅准确观测到2009年的夏秋两季由于水负荷引起的约(6~8)×10-8m·s-2短期的重力变化.而且在扣除2.18×10-8(m·s-2)/a仪器漂移和水负荷的影响后,验证了本地区长短趋势垂直形变和重力变化之间具有一致的负相关性规律.同时长趋势表明该地区地壳处于下沉,重力处于增大过程,增加速率约为1.79×10-8(m·s-2)/a.武汉地区重力梯度关系约为-354×10-8(m·s-2)/m. 相似文献
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三峡地区水资源丰富,加上三峡水库蓄放水的影响,水动力环境复杂,对该区域陆地水负荷变化影响的研究还比较薄弱.本文基于CORS站网,辅以少量重力台站数据,采用负荷形变和重力场球谐分析方法,研究了三峡地区陆地水负荷对地壳形变和重力变化的影响.本文研究发现:①基于CORS站网能够监测陆地水负荷引起的地壳形变和地面重力时空变化.②陆地水负荷对垂直形变的影响达厘米级,对水平形变的影响较小,对地面重力的影响可达数百微伽.③2011年1月至2015年6月陆地水负荷对垂直形变影响的年变化趋于平衡,对地面重力变化影响主要集中在三峡水库和重庆市附近.④基于CORS站网确定的三峡地区陆地水地壳垂直形变,与GRACE卫星重力成果在分布规律和趋势上具有较高的一致性,但在部分区域存在差异.本文研究成果可用于水动力环境监测与水资源保护利用,为高程基准和重力基准的动态维护提供支持. 相似文献
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针对海域重力场变化特征和远程飞行器机动发射保障应用需求，本文分析研究了地球外部空间扰动引力三类传统计算模型的技术特点及其适用性，指出了采用表层法作为海域流动点扰动引力计算模型的合理性及需要解决的关键问题，分析论证了空中扰动引力计算对地面观测数据的分辨率和精度要求，提出通过引入局部积分域恒等式变换、局域泰勒级数展开和非网格点内插方法，消除表层法计算模型积分奇异性固有缺陷的研究思路，进而推出了适合于海域流动点应用的扰动引力无奇异计算模型，较好地满足了全海域和全高度段对局部扰动重力场快速赋值的实际需求.以超高阶全球位模型EGM2008作为标准场，通过数值计算验证了无奇异计算模型的可行性和有效性，在重力场变化比较剧烈的海沟区，该模型的计算精度优于2×10-5m·s-2. 相似文献
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Introduction During and before the construction of the Three Gorges Project, the annual observation was continuously undertaken by the Three Gorges gravity observation network established around the head area of the reservoir (the section between Sandouping and Badong). This network has pro-vided substantial high precise data related to seismic activity. However, the annual gravity survey together monitoring of the existed observation stations can hardly effective monitor some potential sei… 相似文献