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针对有限元算法在地震波数值模拟中的数值频散问题,利用集中质量矩阵双线性插值有限元算法,推导了二维声波方程的频散函数.在此基础上采用定量分析方法,对比分析了网格纵横长度比变化时的入射方向、空间采样间隔、地震波频率以及地层速度对数值频散的影响.数值算例和模型正演结果表明:当采用集中质量矩阵双线性插值有限元算法时,为了有效地压制数值频散,在所使用震源子波的峰值频率对应的波长内,采样点数目应不少于20个;减小网格长度的纵横比可以有效地抑制入射角(波传播方向与z轴的夹角)较小的地震波的数值频散;地震波频率越高,传播速度越慢,频散越严重,尤其是当相速度与其所对应的频率比值小于2倍空间采样间隔时,不仅会出现严重的数值频散,还会出现假频现象. 相似文献
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有限差分方法是波场数值模拟的一个重要方法,交错网格差分格式比规则网格差分格式稳定性更好,但方法本身都存在因网格化而形成的数值频散效应,这会降低波场模拟的精度与分辨率.为了缓解有限差分算子的数值频散效应,精确求解空间偏导数,本文把求解波动方程的线性化方法推广到用于求解弹性波方程交错网格有限差分系数;同时应用最大最小准则作为模拟退火(SA)优化算法求解差分系数的数值频散误差判定标准来求解有限差分系数.通过上述两种方法,分别利用均匀各向同性介质和复杂构造模型进行了数值正演模拟和数值频散分析,并与传统泰勒展开算法、最小二乘算法进行比较,验证了线性化方法和模拟退火方法都能有效压制数值频散,并比较了各个算法的特点. 相似文献
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有限差分是最常用的地震波方程数值模拟方法,但时间和空间离散会产生数值频散.正演是逆时偏移和全波形反演的基本单元,成像和反演的精度很大程度依赖于所采用的数值模拟算法.本文研究了有限差分的时间和空间频散特性及其对逆时偏移和全波形反演的影响.通过时间有限差分+伪谱法、时间频散校正+空间有限差分、时间频散校正+伪谱法获取时间频散、空间频散和无频散数据;发展了抗时间频散、抗空间频散、抗时间+空间频散的逆时偏移和全波形反演方法;采用理论模型和实际资料对提出的方法进行了测试.数值结果表明:逆时偏移同时受时间和空间频散影响,时间频散导致同相轴不聚焦、成像位置偏离,空间频散会产生高频噪声和虚假反射界面;全波形反演在低频大尺度反演中几乎不受时间和空间频散影响,高频精细反演中时间频散引起波形相移、降低反演精度,空间频散增加多解性、导致反演不收敛;抗频散方法可以有效缓解时间和空间频散影响,获得高质量的偏移剖面和反演结果. 相似文献
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地质雷达所探测的地球介质常常具有频散性．为了研究地质雷达在频散介质中的探测能力，提出了频散介质中时间域有限差分法计算麦克斯韦方程的方法，给出了满足Debye关系的频散介质中的电位移和磁场的迭代算法，以及由电位移计算电场的算法．只有在电场计算时才用到介质的物性参数．提出一种新的吸收边界条件的算法，通过增加假想的介电常数和磁导率，实现了吸收层中波的无反射衰减，克服了以往Berenger完全匹配层计算时对场进行分裂带来的麻烦，从而提高了计算效率．计算实例表明，频散介质中电磁波的衰减更快，测量信号变得很弱． 相似文献
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提出混合ADI-FDTD亚网格技术开展频散介质GPR正演,即在物性参数变化剧烈局部区域采用细网格剖分ADI-FDTD计算,其他的区域采用粗网格剖分常规FDTD计算,ADI-FDTD突破了CFL条件的限制,可选取与粗网格一致的大时间步长,有效地提高了计算效率.本文首先基于Debye方程,推导了粗网格FDTD及细网格ADI-FDTD频散介质差分格式,着重对粗细两种网格结合的场值交换方式进行了深入探讨,给出了该算法的计算流程.然后以一个薄层模型为例,分别应用粗网格、细网格、混合ADI-FDTD亚网格算法对该模型进行正演,计算资源的占用及模拟精度说明了混合ADI-FDTD亚网格算法的优势.最后,建立频散介质与非频散介质的组合模型,应用3种方法对该模型进行正演,对比3种方法优劣,分析雷达剖面中非频散介质及频散介质中波形特征,有效地指导雷达资料的精确解释. 相似文献
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针对Cole-Cole频散介质中的复介电常数是jω的分数次幂函数，传统的时域有限元法难以离散及计算时间域分数阶导数，本文采用Pade逼近算法将含有时间分数阶导数的Cole-Cole频散介质电磁波方程推导为一组整数阶辅助微分方程，提出了一种适用于Cole-Cole频散介质的GPR有限元正演模拟算法.在复数伸展坐标系下，通过在频率域Cole-Cole频散介质电磁波方程中引入2个中间变量，并将其变换到时间域，从而以变分形式将PML边界条件加载到Cole-Cole频散介质GPR有限元方程组中，并给出了详细的求解公式.在此基础上，编制了基于Pade逼近的Cole-Cole频散介质GPR有限元正演程序，利用该程序对均匀模型进行计算，并与解析解进行对比，验证了本文构建的GPR有限元正演算法的正确性和有效性.设计了一个复杂Cole-Cole频散介质GPR模型，利用本文构建的GPR有限元正演算法进行模拟并与非频散介质模型的模拟结果进行对比，分析了电磁波在Cole-Cole频散介质中传播衰减增强、子波延伸，分辨率降低等传播规律，有助于实测雷达资料更可靠、更准确的解释.模拟结果表明，基于Pade逼近的GPR有限元正演算法可用于复杂Cole-Cole频散介质结构模拟，且具有较高的计算精度. 相似文献
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以非弹性层状介质为模型,基于广义传播矩阵理论计算地震波频变反射系数,算法中同时考虑了与频散和衰减有关的地层岩性因素,以及与薄互层有关的地层结构因素.实现了岩石物理模型、反射系数这两个计算过程的"无缝"连接,精确考虑了由复数弹性模量表示的地层非弹性因素,也为在同一反射模型中考虑源于不同物理机制的频散与衰减提供了方法.数值模拟结果验证了算法的有效性和稳定性,计算结果表明,非弹性薄层的反射振幅随频率先增加后减小,不一定表现常规"低频亮点"异常;同时,薄互层条件下的频散与衰减使得地震反射波的频谱以及AVO特征呈现与频率相关的复杂变化.本文完善了频变AVO算法,为含油气储层频变AVO响应的模拟和分析提供了方法. 相似文献
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岩石物理实验和实际观测研究表明,纵波速度的频散现象通常都与地层的含气性有着密切的关系,它是纵波反射系数随频率变化所导致的.但是,传统的AVA反演方法忽略了这种速度频散现象,因此引入了误差,增加了含气预测的风险.本文我们提出了一种适用于频变反射系数和速度频散的反演方法,采用传播矩阵方程来进行正演模拟.而考虑到加入频散信息的AVAF反演问题具有高度的非线性特征,我们基于粒子群优化(PSO)算法来进行AVAF反演.经过模型与实际数据的测试证明,我们的反演方法适用于包含频散信息的地震数据,且具有一定的抗噪性,即使是在含噪数据下,也能够挖掘出数据中的纵波速度频散信息,为之后利用纵波速度的频散规律来解释储层含气性提供可靠的依据. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
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Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(12)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献