共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
以巢湖蓝藻水华聚集地西半湖表层沉积物与蓝藻为对象,研究了表层沉积物重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni和Mn)总量的分布特征.同时,利用BCR连续提取法对沉积物中重金属Cd和Mn的形态进行分析,模拟探究蓝藻腐殖化过程中重金属含量的变化,探讨了蓝藻腐殖化对重金属吸附-释放的影响.结果表明,各采样点表层沉积物重金属含量均不同程度超出背景值,且距离南淝河越近越突出.潜在迁移指数表明整个西半湖沉积物中重金属Cd比Mn更易形成二次污染.相关性分析显示重金属Cd和Mn各形态含量和总量之间均表现出极显著正相关.巢湖西半湖属于典型的藻型湖,Cd和Mn的来源和分布均与蓝藻聚集密切相关,结合实验室模拟蓝藻腐殖化过程对重金属的吸附-释放规律,认为蓝藻腐殖化过程会对Cd和Mn的迁移释放产生影响. 相似文献
2.
河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)为太湖优势大型底栖动物,通过受控实验研究其对富营养水体的水质改善效果.根据太湖河蚬的自然丰度设置4组密度处理,分别为无河蚬对照组、低密度河蚬组(生物量为130 g/m2)、中密度河蚬组(260 g/m2)和高密度河蚬组(520 g/m2).结果表明:河蚬滤食显著降低悬浮物浓度与叶绿素a含量,低、中、高密度河蚬组水体悬浮物浓度较对照组分别降低了20.85%、34.90%和53.79%,叶绿素a浓度分别降低了23.29%、48.32%和71.17%;放置河蚬还降低了水体TN、TP浓度,但是中密度河蚬组与高密度河蚬组没有显著差异.分析认为,河蚬通过滤食作用降低水体浊度、改善光照条件,有利于底栖藻类的生长及沉水植物的恢复,对富营养水体的生态修复具有重要意义;就太湖而言,河蚬对水质的改善效果可能受沉积物再悬浮造成的营养盐释放等因素的制约. 相似文献
3.
河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)对霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)生物扰动的抑制效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来太湖局部区域水体富营养化仍有加剧趋势,这可能与底栖动物生物扰动促进沉积物营养盐释放有关.耐污种霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)与常被用于生态修复的河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)均为太湖底栖动物优势种类,本文设计了双因素4组处理(对照组、河蚬组、霍甫水丝蚓组和混合组(霍甫水丝蚓和河蚬))的室外受控实验,研究在太湖2种种群分布交错区,河蚬能否对霍甫水丝蚓的生物扰动产生抑制效应.结果表明:霍甫水丝蚓扰动能显著增加水体总氮、总磷浓度,同时促进浮游植物生长;河蚬通过滤食和生物沉降作用显著降低水体总氮、总磷和悬浮物浓度,抑制浮游植物生长,从而促进了底栖藻类的生长;河蚬对霍甫水丝蚓生物扰动效应有抑制作用. 相似文献
4.
大通湖是湖南省最大的养殖湖泊.随着河蚬经济价值的提升,大通湖河蚬Corbicula fluminea(Müller,1774)的开发强度逐年增加.为实现河蚬资源的合理开发,本研究在对大通湖河蚬形态特征、现存量及其时空分布调查分析基础上,重点探讨了养殖和软体动物捕捞对其资源的影响.结果显示,壳长大于6 mm河蚬的平均湿重(BW)、壳长(SL)、壳高(SH)和壳宽(SW)分别为1.41±0.03 g、14.82±0.09 mm、13.73±0.09 mm和9.72±0.06 mm,平均相对高度、圆度和凸度分别为0.930±0.001、0.660±0.001和0.710±0.001.河蚬壳长、壳高、壳宽与湿重的关系分别为:lg BW=-3.45+3.00 lg SL、lg BW=-3.23+2.89 lg SH、lg BW=-2.87+2.97 lg SW,表明河蚬为等速生长.2010 2011年,大通湖河蚬平均密度和生物量均较2009年显著增加.2009年,河蚬主要分布于中北部的蜜蜂夹湖区域,2010年开始,几乎遍布整个大通湖,但整体上呈现由东北向西南逐渐递减的趋势,密度和生物量高值均出现在大通湖中部,蜜蜂夹湖、大西湖与尼古湖交界区域.推测养殖过程中物化产品投入的增加是导致大通湖河蚬现存量快速增加的主要原因之一,软体动物捕捞加速了河蚬分布区域的扩展.据此提出了大通湖河蚬合理开发和有效保护的建议. 相似文献
5.
以泥鳅（Misgurnus anguillicaudatus）、铜锈环棱螺（Bellamya aeruginosa）、河蚬（Corbicula fluminea）为受试生物,以死亡率、渗血率、体质量变化、行动迟钝率、挖洞率为测试指标,探究沉积物中Zn和Cd对底栖生物的21 d慢性毒性效应,并对鄱阳湖Zn和Cd的沉积物基准值进行了验证.结果表明,沉积物中Cd对底栖生物的毒性效应强于Zn,沉积物中Zn、Cd对泥鳅、铜锈环棱螺、河蚬的LC50（半数致死浓度）分别为644和61 mg/kg、751和54 mg/kg、652和81 mg/kg,EC50（半数效应浓度）值分别为526和49 mg/kg、589和35 mg/kg、474和45 mg/kg.经验证,沉积物Zn和Cd的TEL（临界效应浓度）、PEL（必然效应浓度）值比较合理,具有一定适用性,即当Zn、Cd的加标含量低于TEL值时,QTEL<1,不具有毒性;当加标含量高于PEL值时,QPEL>1,毒性明显. 相似文献
6.
水体砷污染及其健康危害已成为一个备受关注的环境问题.本研究通过测定洞庭湖主要河口区表层沉积物砷含量、河蚬砷及砷形态（亚砷酸盐As（Ⅲ）、砷酸盐As（Ⅴ）、甲基砷酸MMA、二甲基砷酸DMA和砷甜菜碱AsB）含量，对表层沉积物砷的潜在生态风险和河蚬食用健康风险进行评价.结果表明，洞庭湖主要河口区表层沉积物砷含量在11.47~61.20 mg/kg之间，其水平分布规律表现为：南洞庭湖>东洞庭湖>西洞庭湖.河蚬砷含量范围为6.36~11.15 mg/kg，各砷形态含量排序为：AsB > As（Ⅴ） > DMA > As（Ⅲ） > MMA，各样地间不存在显著性差异.应用潜在生态风险指数法对表层沉积物中砷的潜在生态风险进行评价，各样地的潜在生态风险指数均值为23.09，潜在生态风险程度属于轻微级别.同时，利用致癌风险指数（CR）和危熵系数（HQ）评价经河蚬摄入无机砷给人体带来的潜在健康风险.洞庭湖主要河口区河蚬中无机砷的致癌风险CRiAs值达到了1.36×10-3~3.43×10-3（平均值为2.24×10-3），均显著超过USEPA推荐的可接受风险水平上限值（1×10-4），其危熵系数HQiAs值达到3.01~7.61（平均值为4.98，约为标准值的5倍），说明长期食用当地河蚬具有较高的致癌和非致癌健康风险.本研究结果对于了解洞庭湖沉积物和底栖动物的砷污染现状和风险水平具有重要意义，为该流域的砷污染控制及治理提供科学依据. 相似文献
7.
本研究在太湖梅梁湾采集沉积柱,采用一种自制的毫米级柱状沉积物自动垂向分层切割装置对表层50 mm沉积物进行垂向切割(间隔2 mm),结合高通量测序技术分析沉积物中细菌群落的毫米级垂向分布;同时采用毫米级高分辨透析技术和薄膜扩散梯度技术(DGT)分析溶解态和DGT可获取态铵态氮(NH4+-N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、Fe、P的垂向分布特征。结果显示,沉积物中细菌群落与溶解态和DGT可获取态氮铁磷浓度在垂向上呈现显著的异质性。细菌硝酸盐还原主要发生在-16～0 mm沉积物深度,这可能导致了溶解态和DGT可获取态NO3--N含量在该沉积物深度的明显减少。细菌铁还原主要分布在-32～-18 mm沉积物深度,细菌硫酸盐还原主要分布在-50～-34 mm的沉积物深度;细菌硫酸盐还原是导致沉积物溶解态和DGT可获取态铁磷浓度从-32 mm随沉积物的深度增加而显著增加的主要原因。本研究加深了对富营养化湖泊沉积物中细菌影响氮磷在垂向上迁移转化的认识。 相似文献
8.
在不同温度下,对太湖河蚬进行了室内短期氮、磷释放模拟实验.结果表明,温度对河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)不同形态氮、磷的排泄都有重要的影响.总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、总溶解性氮(TDN)、总溶解性磷(TDP)和正磷酸盐(PO3-4-P)排泄率随温度的升高都显著升高,而亚硝态氮(NO-2-N)排泄率先升高后下降.铵态氮(NH+4-N)排泄率在5和15℃间变化不显著,温度对硝态氮(NO-3-N)排泄率有影响但不显著.同时实验发现河蚬为排氨动物,NH+4-N排泄占TN排泄的50.78%~100%,TDN排泄占TN排泄的89.14%~100%,而NO-3-N、NO-2-N虽都有检出,但所占比例相对较小.在河蚬磷排泄中,TDP占TP比例范围为83.01%~100%,PO3-4-P在36.60%~96.59%之间,且所占比例都有随温度升高而增加的趋势.同时对排泄率与干重和温度之间的关系进行了回归分析,发现不同氮、磷排泄率(NO-3-N和NO-2-N除外)与温度和干重的关系均符合方程R(X)=a Wb·ec T+d,决定系数R2都在0.967以上. 相似文献
9.
太湖河蚬时空格局 总被引：14，自引：6，他引：8
2006年12月-2007年11月对太湖河蚬种群进行了周年逐月调查.河蚬在分布区的年均密度和生物量分别为265.7ind./m2和100.9g/m2,在夏、秋季均达到高值.根据壳长频数分布的周年变化,太湖河蚬一年一代,繁殖期主要在5-7月份.河蚬主要分布在贡湖湾、马迹山以南区域、西南湖区和小梅港沿岸区域.分析表明,太湖中河蚬的空间分布表现出明显的差异性,这种差异性受到多种因素的综合影响.在北部梅梁湾和竺山湾湖区湖泊中的低溶氧量是限制河蚬生长的最重要因素;在贡湖湾、马迹山以南湖区和西南部湖区,各种生境条件和底质性质适合河蚬的生长繁殖,其密度和生物量的最高值出现在贡湖湾的中心区域(820.0ind./m2,522.9g/m2);在东太湖湖区浮游植物密度较低,底质中有机质较少,食物来源是影响河蚬分布的较重要因素. 相似文献
10.
研究长江中下游地区浅水湖泊5种常见大型底栖动物(铜锈环棱螺、河蚬、苏氏尾鳃蚓、摇蚊属幼虫及中国长足摇蚊)碳、氮、磷化学计量特征,样品采集于多个不同营养水平湖泊.底栖动物碳、氮、磷元素含量的变化范围分别为31.6%~60.7%、5.2%~12.1%及0.41%~2.28%,碳氮比、碳磷比和氮磷比的变化范围分别为4.4~8.9、55~314及9.9~40.1,其中磷元素含量变化最大并是导致N∶P变化的主要原因.不同种类底栖动物元素组成具有显著差异,碳、氮、磷最高平均值分别出现在河蚬(48.4%)、苏氏尾鳃蚓(10.4%)及河蚬(1.09%).铜锈环棱螺(除氮磷比)和河蚬元素组成在不同营养水平湖泊间具有显著差异,重富营养湖泊太湖氮和磷含量最高.相关分析发现铜锈环棱螺及河蚬磷含量和氮磷比与营养状态指数显著相关,表明铜锈环棱螺和河蚬的碳、氮、磷化学计量特征并非保持严格的动态平衡. 相似文献
11.
太湖软体动物现存量及空间分布格局(2006-2007年) 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
2006年11月至2007年10月对太湖软体动物进行了一周年调查,软体动物在30个采样点的出现率为90.0%,采集的232份样品中共记录到9科12属12种,软体动物在分布区的年均密度和生物量分别为266ind./m2、102.2g/m2,河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)和铜锈环棱螺(Bettamya aeruginosa)是太湖软体动物的优势种,河蚬的出现率为90.0%,年均密度和生物量分别为174ind./m2、58.3g/m2,其主要分布在西南湖区(393-896ind./m2)和贡湖湾(393-552ind./m2);铜锈环棱螺的出现率为56.7%,年均密度和生物量分别为58ind./m2.61.6g,m2,主要分布在东太湖(140-299ind./m2).主成分分析结果表明,河蚬空间分布格局取决于生境类型和底质性质,而螺类的分布与水生植物的分布相一致,说明水生植物对螺类的分布有重要影响,这与经典的螺一草互惠理论相一致,比较1987-2006年太湖软体动物群落结构变化发现,20年来河蚬的高值区域已由梅梁湾、竺山湾转变为大太湖,河蚬个体大小趋于小型化发展(P＜0.001),而环棱螺小型化趋势并不显著(P=0.051). 相似文献
12.
太湖近代沉积物中重金属元素的累积 总被引：23，自引：3，他引：20
利用210Pb、137Cs定年技术,对来自太湖不同生态和沉积特征的三个湖区的沉积物柱状样品进行了定年,用ICP—AES分析了沉积物中重金属等元素的含量,分析了太湖沉积物中重金属的累积特征及其成因.污染较重、蓝藻水华暴发频繁的梅梁湾沉积物中的重金属含量在近25年来逐年增加;太湖上游风浪较大的夹浦湖区表层10cm沉积速率大、粒度粗,除表层1cm外,1—10cm沉积物中各种重金属含量都较低,且层间变化剧烈;下游湖区正逐渐草型化的胥口湾除表层3cm外,沉积物中重金属的含量自底层向表层大致呈不断下降的趋势.研究表明,不同年代的太湖沉积物中重金属含量差异很大,明显大于不同湖区间沉积物重金属平均含量间的差异.水动力作用引起的沉积物粒度分异很可能是影响沉积物中重金属积累的一个重要因素.总体上太湖沉积物中重金属的污染比较轻微,但已经有一定程度的Cd污染,梅梁湾沉积物中自上世纪70年代开始明显积累Cd,其他重金属元素的积累也逐渐增加,值得关注. 相似文献
13.
磷是湖泊生态系统物质和能量循环的重要组成部分,是湖泊富营养化防治的重要控制性指标.为分析太湖富营养化与人类活动的关系,掌握总磷（TP）的时空变化规律及驱动因子,本文收集整理了1980—2020年太湖TP浓度数据并分析了TP的时序、时空和年内变化特征.结果表明,1980s经济社会快速发展之初,伴随着工业和三产用水量激增,废污水排放量和入湖负荷大增,1985—1995年太湖TP浓度急剧升高.随着治理与保护措施的实施,到1995年达到峰值后逐步走低,2009年后进入了窄幅波动期.从空间上看,不同时段TP浓度分布格局较好地反映了入湖污染物的输入分布.通过分时段对比分析可能影响太湖TP浓度变化的驱动因子,分别讨论了经济社会发展、用水量、废污水排放量,入湖水量、入湖河流TP浓度、入湖TP负荷,蓝藻水华、水温,高等水生植物,底泥释放,太湖换水周期变化等.结果表明,近10年来入湖TP负荷增加,蓝藻水华强度加大,水温升高,高等水生植物面积减少,这些因素会导致太湖TP浓度上升.2008—2019年净入湖TP负荷比1998—2007年增加了33.9%,而近10年太湖换水周期缩短了17.7%,在一定程度上抵消了影响太湖TP浓度升高的驱动因子的不利影响,太湖TP浓度不升反降.为此建议在新一轮太湖治理中积极开展控源截污、节水减排、水资源调控、高等水生植被恢复、重点污染湖区清淤疏浚等针对性措施以期获得更好的太湖TP浓度控制效果. 相似文献
14.
太湖越冬蓝藻空间分布的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为确定2007-2008年冬季蓝藻在太湖各个湖区的分布及其变化规律,在冬季逐月对太湖主要湖区14个位点采集底泥和水样,应用荧光分析法测定样品中藻蓝素含量,以确定冬季太湖各个湖区的藻蓝素分布状况,比较冬季太湖各个湖区水体和底泥中蓝藻的分布差异.实验结果说明与夏季情况不同,相对于西南太湖水域,2007-2008年冬季北太湖水体和底泥中的蓝藻含量均较低,而西南湖区部分区域12月仍出现了蓝藻的聚集,底泥表面的藻蓝素含量也较高,说明调查期间,冬季越冬蓝藻主要分布于西太湖和南太湖. 相似文献
15.
It was indicated in this study that there were negative relations between the concentrations of suspended solid (SS) and transparency according to the analysis of measured data of Lake Taihu. Their relations in pervious studies were reviewed, which showed that the changes of transparency in Lake Taihu could be reflected by simulating suspended solid concentration (SSC). Measured data showed that the changes of SSC with wind speed were similar at different water depths. SSC increased with the increasing of wind speed. Both wave and lake current of Lake Taihu had positive relations with SSC. However, wave was the main factor affecting sediment suspension, while flow took the second place. In this study, a numerical model coupling lake current, wave and SSC of Lake Taihu was developed. In the SS model, the combined effects of wave and current were included. The amounts of suspended and deposited sediments near the lake bed surface layer were treated separately. The stochastic characteristics of turbulent flow pulsation near lake beds were also considered, and the start-up conditions of sediment suspension were introduced to the model. The model elucidated the mutual exchange processes between sediment particles in SS and active sediments within and on the bed surface layer. Simulated results showed that lake current had relatively significant effects on the SSC at littoral areas of Lake Taihu, while SSC at the central area of the lake was mainly influenced by wave. The changes of transparency with SSC were simulated for Lake Taihu using this model. Calculated results were validated by measured data with good fitness, which indicated that the model is basically suitable for the simulation and prediction of transparency of Lake Taihu. 相似文献
16.
Study on the simulation of transparency of Lake Taihu under different hydrodynamic conditions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
It was indicated in this study that there were negative relations between the concentrations of suspended solid (SS) and transparency according to the analysis of measured data of Lake Taihu. Their relations in pervious studies were reviewed, which showed that the changes of transparency in Lake Taihu could be reflected by simulating suspended solid concentration (SSC). Measured data showed that the changes of SSC with wind speed were similar at different water depths. SSC increased with the increasing of wind speed. Both wave and lake current of Lake Taihu had positive relations with SSC. However, wave was the main factor affecting sediment suspension, while flow took the second place. In this study, a numerical model coupling lake current, wave and SSC of Lake Taihu was developed. In the SS model, the combined effects of wave and current were included. The amounts of suspended and deposited sediments near the lake bed surface layer were treated separately. The stochastic characteristics of turbulent flow pulsation near lake beds were also considered, and the start-up conditions of sediment suspension were introduced to the model. The model elucidated the mutual exchange processes between sediment particles in SS and active sediments within and on the bed surface layer. Simulated results showed that lake current had relatively significant effects on the SSC at littoral areas of Lake Taihu, while SSC at the central area of the lake was mainly influenced by wave. The changes of transparency with SSC were simulated for Lake Taihu using this model. Calculated results were validated by measured data with good fitness, which indicated that the model is basically suitable for the simulation and prediction of transparency of Lake Taihu. 相似文献
17.
Experimental study on phosphorus release from sediments of shallow lake in wave flume 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
Influence of wave on sediment resuspension and nutrients release from sediments, collected from Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, was studied in flume experiments. Under strong-wave conditions, concentrations of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) in overlying water were increased significantly following the sediments re-suspension. During the experiments on sediments of Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, TP concentrations increased 6 times and 3 times, and DTP concentration increased 100% and 70% more than it in presuspension, respectively. Concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) of experiment on sediment of Lake Taihu increased 25%. During the massive sediment suspension, the dissolved phosphorus in pore water and much of the phosphorus adsorbed by the sediment particles were released into overlying water. The phenomena in this wave flume experiment are quite similar to the situation observed in situ of Lake Taihu. The critical wave stresses of sediment re-suspension are nearly equal. The change of concentrations of SS, TP, and SRP was the same as that in situ situation. This study showed that concentrations of TP and SRP in lake water could be increased significantly by wave disturbance. Phosphorus release was significantly enhanced by wave disturbance at the beginning of massive sediment re-suspension, but decreased later. 相似文献
18.
Influence of wave on sediment resuspension and nutrients release from sediments, collected from Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, was studied in flume experiments. Under strong-wave conditions, concentrations of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) in overlying water were increased significantly following the sediments re-suspension. During the experiments on sediments of Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, TP concentrations increased 6 times and 3 times, and DTP concentration increased 100% and 70% more than it in presuspension, respectively. Concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) of experiment on sediment of Lake Taihu increased 25%. During the massive sediment suspension, the dissolved phosphorus in pore water and much of the phosphorus adsorbed by the sediment particles were released into overlying water. The phenomena in this wave flume experiment are quite similar to the situation observed in situ of Lake Taihu. The critical wave stresses of sediment re-suspension are nearly equal. The change of concentrations of SS, TP, and SRP was the same as that in situ situation. This study showed that concentrations of TP and SRP in lake water could be increased significantly by wave disturbance. Phosphorus release was significantly enhanced by wave disturbance at the beginning of massive sediment re-suspension, but decreased later. 相似文献
19.
磷是太湖富营养化的关键性指标,为了解太湖总磷内、外源变化趋势及特征,从总磷污染负荷动态平衡角度分析太湖总磷主要来源与总磷浓度高位波动的原因,本研究基于2007年以来长时序水量水质监测资料和调查数据,开展了太湖进出各途径的总磷负荷质量平衡估算及分析。结果表明,2007—2020年入湖河道输入总磷负荷为1835～2799 t,占太湖总磷负荷的55%～73%,是外源输入最主要的途径;大气干湿沉降输入353～1380 t,占太湖总磷负荷量的12%～38%,是太湖总磷外源输入的第二大途径;太湖水体中总磷负荷量约占8%～15%。出湖河道输出总磷负荷量为516～906 t,占太湖总磷负荷量的13%～30%;水生动植物捕捞总磷负荷量为115～312 t,占太湖总磷负荷量的4%～12%,水厂输出占2%～3%左右;约41%～74%的总磷负荷量滞留于太湖湖体中,成为影响太湖总磷浓度的重要内源。同时,太湖地区气温升高、太湖水体流动速度加快一定程度上又加速了内源污染释放,使其成为总磷改善的限制性因素。 相似文献