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1.
《地震地质》2016,(2)
印度板块向欧亚板块俯冲挤压,不仅令青藏高原上地壳在挤压作用下发生弹性变形和运动,且青藏高原高温高压下的下地壳会发生柔性流动,并对脆性的上地壳有拖曳作用,这2种作用一起形成现今的高原运动变形场。这一动力学过程已得到GPS观测资料的证实。因此在二维平面问题中仅用上地壳在边界作用下的弹性变形解释是不够的,还要考虑柔性下地壳流动对上地壳的拖曳作用。但是拖曳力作用的大小和方向不易确定,故文中建立了二维平面弹性有限元模型,利用加载等效体力来模拟下地壳流动对上地壳产生的拖曳力。以高原内部的GPS观测资料为约束,利用试错法反演出模型中关键点的力,其他位置上的力则用关键点上的力进行双线性插值计算。以此来反演计算出模型区域内的柔性下地壳的差异性流动对脆性上地壳产生的拖曳力(节点力的形式,单位:N)的大小和范围,在86°~100°E,26°~32°N地区主要以SE向为主,最大达到108N;西部局部(31°~36°N,76°~80°E)地区有较弱的W向拖曳力,最大为107N。文中为深入研究青藏高原及周边区域的长期地表变形动力学机制提供了1个新的思路。 相似文献
2.
"中、下地壳流"模型作为一种可能的动力学演化机制,在解决诸如喜马拉雅造山带和青藏高原东缘、南缘等区域地壳中岩层的通道流或韧性剪切挤出等方面的解释给出了相应的模型和阐述.本文基于青藏高原壳、幔介质平均速度模型,采用二维黏弹性数值模型对高原下地壳物质流动的动力学边界条件进行探讨.研究结果表明:(1)青藏高原下地壳与上地幔盖层物质作为坚硬的固态物质相接,不具备可运动的边界条件,难以在Moho界面处任意地域发生相互运动.壳、幔介质中需存在可供物质高速运动的边界条件,即以上地壳底部的低速层为上滑移面,以上地幔软流圈顶部为下滑移面,才有可能在足够强的力系作用下促使"下地壳+岩石圈盖层"物质发生同步运移;(2)若不具备这样的初始与边界条件是难以产生深部物质运移的.因此,青藏高原深部壳、幔物质运动不可能是普遍存在的,只能是局部和在特异环境下才能实现. 相似文献
3.
基于近期关于青藏高原东北缘岩石圈速度、流变结构和地壳形变的观测和研究结果,建立了青藏高原东北部岩石圈三维有限元模型,并考虑了地幔对流拖曳力、高原重力势能、块体间相互作用等外部和内部条件对青藏高原东北缘岩石圈现今运动格局的控制作用.将地表运动速率的数值模拟结果与观测结果进行比较,结果表明:活动地块相互作用和高原地形蓄积的重力势能对高原内部向高原边缘逐渐变小的地壳运动特征具有控制作用,而以往关注不多的地幔对流拖曳力对青藏高原内部的地壳运动方向具有明显的控制作用;此外,基于岩石圈水平运动速率与下伏地幔对流速度差异、地震波各向异性观测提出的不同地块垂直连贯变形差异等观点,提出模型范围不同地块岩石圈底部地幔拖曳力作用强度存在差异的设想,并引入了地幔拖曳力强度因子并进行数值模拟,得到的地表形变速率模拟结果与GPS观测结果更为一致,模拟结果进一步支持了地震波各向异性观测提出的观点,即不同地块的壳幔耦合程度存在显著差异. 相似文献
4.
黏滞性地壳流对地壳及上地幔变形作用及动力机制,是大陆新生代造山带的一个重要研究内容.青藏高原中下地壳存在部分熔融或含水物质的黏滞性流体,已为一系列地球物理及岩石学研究所证实.为研究青藏高原东缘地壳流的动力作用,本文用密集的被动源宽频带地震台的观测数据,反演了地壳上地幔精细速度结构和泊松比.研究表明,川西及滇西北高原的中地壳内普遍存在低速层,而高泊松比的地壳只分布在川西北地区.位于中地壳的黏滞性地壳流从青藏高原腹地羌塘高原流出,自北西向南东流入青藏高原东缘.这些黏滞性地壳流带动了上地壳块体水平移动,当它们受到刚强的四川盆地及华南地块阻挡时将发生分层作用,地壳流将分为二或更多分支不同方向的分流,向上的一支地壳流将对上地壳产生挤压,引起地面隆升,向下的一支地壳流将使莫霍面下沉加厚下地壳·黏滞性地壳流的运动在地壳中产生应变破裂发生强烈地震活动,地震的空间分布与震源机制也受到地壳流动力作用控制. 相似文献
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本文利用天然地震面波记录和层析成像方法,研究了南北地震带及邻近区域的岩石圈S波速度结构和各向异性特征.结果表明南北地震带的东边界不但是地壳厚度剧变带,也是地壳速度的显著分界.其西侧中下地壳的S波速度显著低于东侧,强震大多发生在低速区内部和边界.青藏高原东缘中下地壳速度显著低于正常大陆地壳,在松潘甘孜地块和川滇地块西部大约25～45 km深度存在壳内低速层;这些低速特征与高原主体的低速区相连,有利于下地壳物质的侧向流动.地壳的各向异性图像与下地壳流动模式相符,即下地壳物质绕喜马拉雅东构造结运动,东向的运动遇到扬子坚硬地壳阻挡而变为向南和向北东的运动.面波层析成像结果支持青藏高原地壳运动的下地壳流动模型.南北地震带的岩石圈厚度与其东侧的扬子和鄂尔多斯地块相似但速度较低.川滇西部地块上地幔顶部(莫霍面至88 km左右)异常低速;松潘甘孜地块上地幔盖层中有低速夹层(约90～130 km深度).岩石圈上地幔的速度分布图像与地壳显著不同,在高原主体与川滇之间存在北北东向高速带,可能会阻挡地幔物质的东向运动.上地幔各向异性较弱且与地壳的分布图像显然不同.因此青藏高原岩石圈地幔的构造运动具有与地壳不同的模式,软弱的下地壳提供了壳幔运动解耦的条件. 相似文献
6.
青藏高原现今构造变形的定量化研究是理解其动力过程的基础 ,近年来高速发展的GPS(全球定位系统 )技术为测量大尺度现今构造变形提供了最有效的手段。我们利用青藏高原及周边的5 5 3个GPS观测数据给出了其现今构造变形的速度场 ,表明印度和欧亚板块之间的相对运动主要被青藏高原周边的地壳缩短和内部的走滑剪切所调整吸收。其中 ,喜马拉雅山系吸收了青藏高原总缩短量的 4 4%～ 5 3% ,北部的阿尔金山、祁连山和柴达木盆地吸收了 1 5 %～ 1 7% ,高原内部吸收了 32 %～4 1 %。青藏高原的“向东挤出”实际上是地壳物质的向东流动而不是刚性地块的挤出。这一地壳物质流动带在高原西部以地表张性正断层和共轭剪切走滑断层为特征 ,到高原中东部转换为巨型的弧形走滑断裂带 ,再到高原东北缘转换为地壳缩短和绕东喜马拉雅构造结的顺时针旋转。青藏高原的大尺度现今构造变形以连续变形为特 相似文献
7.
由于青藏高原东部地区记录了高原约50 Ma演化历史中物质东流的构造史,因此受到地学界的广泛重视. 现代大地测量与地质研究结果给出了该区现代地壳运动的图像,为地球动力学数值模拟提供了重要的边界约束条件. 利用重力异常计算的高原及邻区地幔对流应力场与地表地壳运动格局的明显差异表征了高原东部地壳与地幔物质的运动解耦. 基于随深度变化地壳蠕变率的动力学模拟结果显示,高原东部地壳增厚与高原内部存在很大差异,高原东部地壳增厚主要表现为下地壳的增厚,并且地幔形变过程与地表变化也不一致,同样显示出地壳、地幔运动的解耦. 研究表明,下地壳低强度分布可能是导致这种解耦的重要原因,而了解高原东部地壳及上地幔物理力学性质对我们认识高原物质东流至关重要. 相似文献
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《地震地质》2020,(1)
西秦岭-松潘构造结下地壳黏滞系数的定量化研究是理解青藏高原东缘及东北缘动力过程的基础。为进一步认识该区域岩石圈动力学的演化过程,建立下地壳流与不同时间尺度岩石圈变形特征的相互联系,文中以下地壳管道流模型为基础,利用地貌形态估算下地壳的黏滞系数,探讨深部岩石圈流变学过程如何作用于上地壳形变和构造地貌特征;同时结合GPS速度场分析现今的地壳形变,进一步研究区域弥散构造变形过程。结果表明:1)若尔盖-红原盆地北侧及东北侧下地壳的黏滞系数小于东侧及东南侧; 2)下地壳流具有向NE低黏滞系数区流动的趋势,较好地解释了该区域的造山运动过程、弧形等高线分布及"V"形展布断裂的发育; 3) GPS数据揭示的现今地表运动方向与黏滞系数反演的下地壳历史演化方向一致,说明下地壳与上地壳可能具有良好的耦合特征。研究结果最终为解释不同走向和性质的断裂系发育、造山带形成、宏观地貌发育特征以及深入探讨青藏高原东北缘岩石圈的流变学和隆升动力学提供了依据。 相似文献
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新生代以来,青藏高原快速隆升、地壳缩短和东向挤出.受到稳定的扬子地块阻挡,青藏高原东南缘地壳发生强烈变形.地震各向异性研究有助于认识地壳内部精细结构及内部运动学过程.通过收集密集地震台阵的观测资料,利用环境噪声提取Rayleigh波频散曲线,采用多角度频散曲线反演方法,获得地壳和上地幔顶部高分辨率的地震S波速度和各向异性图像.青藏高原东南缘地区上地壳的地震快波方向与其相邻的走滑断裂带走向、GPS水平速度场方向基本一致,围绕喜马拉雅东部构造结顺时针旋转.然而,中、下地壳的各向异性与上地壳存在明显差异,例如,在木里盐源盆地和滇中地块等各向异性方向发生大幅度转向,从上地壳的NE方向转为中、下地壳的NW方向.中、下地壳的各向异性方向与其低速层的延伸方向吻合.在下地壳底部和上地幔顶部的范围内,地震快波方向再次发生改变,与上地壳的各向异性分布一致,可能说明在较早的历史时期上地壳与下地壳是耦合在一起的,在中新世时期低速黏滞性流体挤入青藏高原东南缘中下地壳,使原有的上地壳与中下地壳发生解耦.因此,新生代以来高原物质挤出可能导致青藏高原东南缘地壳发生强烈变形. 相似文献
10.
青藏高原岩石圈的流变学结构和形变机制是地学界长期争论的重大科学问题.2001年发生在东昆仑断裂带的MW7.8可可西里地震造成青藏高原北部地区岩石圈构造应力场的很大改变，引起下地壳与上地幔的快速弛豫形变，从而为研究这一问题提供了难得的机会.本研究采用该区域的GPS震后观测，反演这一地区岩石圈的流变学参数并探讨其形变机制.反演所采用的数据来自45个GPS观测点，其中包括一个中国地壳运动观测网络的基准站，数据最长时间跨度达6.4年.大地震震后形变场主要来源于地壳、上地幔的黏弹性松弛与断层面上的震后余滑，因此本研究同时反演介质的黏滞系数和断层的震后余滑.考虑到东昆仑断层南侧的巴颜喀拉-羌塘地区与北侧的柴达木盆地地区具有明显不同的地壳结构，断层南北两侧采用不同的Burgers体流变学结构，其下地壳-上地幔的短期和长期黏滞系数采用网格搜索法获得；断层震后余滑反演则同时施加近似正比于库仑应力的约束.最终结果显示：东昆仑断层北侧柴达木盆地地区下地壳-上地幔短期和长期黏滞系数分别为5×1018 Pa·s和1.5×1020 Pa·s；东昆仑断层南侧巴颜喀拉-羌塘地区下地壳-上地幔短期和长期黏滞系数分别为1.5×1018 Pa·s和1.5×1019 Pa·s.这一结果表明：巴颜喀拉-羌塘地区下地壳-上地幔黏滞系数显著低于柴达木盆地，意味着巴颜喀拉-羌塘地区下地壳可能存在部分熔融，其地壳形变模式更趋近于连续形变，而柴达木盆地形变模式更趋近于块体运动.研究区下地壳长期黏滞系数比下地壳流模型所主张的黏滞系数高2~3个数量级，表明下地壳流在本地区可能不存在. 相似文献
11.
ESTIMATING THE LOWER CRUSTAL VISCOSITY OF THE WESTERN QINLING-SONGPAN TECTONIC NODE AND ITS ADJACENT AREAS BY USING LANDFORM MORPHOLOGY 
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下载免费PDF全文 The western Qinling-Songpan tectonic node is located at the intersection of three major tectonic units of Tibetan plateau, the South China Block and the Ordos Block, and is at the forefront of the northeastern margin of Tibetan plateau. It has unique geological and dynamic characteristics from the surface to the deep underground. Based on the model for ductile flow in the lower crust, the geomorphological form is used to estimate the viscosity of the lower crust, and how the rheological process of the deep lithosphere acts on the upper crust deformation and structural geomorphology. And combined with GPS velocity field data, the current crustal deformation is analyzed to further study the regional dispersive deformation process. The results show that the viscosity of the north and northeast of the Zoige-Hongyuan Basin is smaller than that of the east and southeast. Therefore, the lower crust flow has a tendency of flowing to the northeastern low viscosity zone. We believe that when the lower crust flows from the central plain of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the rigid Sichuan Basin with a higher viscosity of the lower crust, it cannot flow into the basin, and part of the lower crust flow accumulate here, causing the upper crust to rise, and the uplifting led to the formation of the Longmen Mountains and a series of NNE-striking faults as well. When the lower crust flows to the northeast direction with a low viscosity, the brittle upper crust is driven together. Because of the remote effects from the Ordos Basin and the Longxi Basin, the mountains in this region are built slowly and the stepped arc-shaped topography of the current 3 000-meter contour line and the 2 000-meter contour line are developed. At the same time, a series of NWW-trending left-lateral strike-slip faults are developed. This explains the seismogenic tectonic model of the western Qinling-Songpan tectonic node as from NWW-trending left-lateral strike-slip faulting to the NNE-trending right-lateral strike-slip faulting and both having a thrust component. The current crustal movement direction revealed by the GPS velocity field is consistent with the direction of historical crust evolution of the lower crust revealed by the viscosity, implying that there is a good coupling relationship between the lower crust and upper crust. The results provide a basis for studying the development of fault systems with different strikes and properties, the formation of orogenic belts, the macroscopic geomorphological evolution characteristics, and the rheological and uplift dynamics of the lithosphere in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau.
In addition, our research differs from the previous studies in the spatial and temporal scale. Previous studies included either the entire Qinghai-Tibet Plateau or only the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. However, our analysis on the contours and topographical differences in the topography of the western Qinling-Songpan tectonic knot reveals that the study area is controlled by the lower crust flow. Our results are confirmed by various observations such as seismology, magnetotellurics and geophysical exploration. Moreover, the previous studies did not point out enough that the elevation contours are elliptical, and the elliptical geomorphology further illustrates that the formation and evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has rheological characteristics and also conforms to the continuous deformation mode. Meanwhile, in terms of time scale, the evolution time of the study area is divided into three types of simulation time according to geochronology. And the GPS velocity field is introduced to observe the present-day crustal deformation. 相似文献
12.
岩石圈黏度是大陆动力学研究中一个重要参数,但是岩石圈黏度,尤其是横向小尺度(<100 km)黏度结构的确定是一个挑战.本文根据电阻率和黏度与它们控制因素的相似关系,直接把一条跨过青藏高原东缘和四川龙门山断裂带的大地电磁(MT)探测的电阻率剖面转换成黏度结构作为输入,在GPS速度和地表地形数据的约束下,利用地球动力学数值模拟获得了该剖面的二维地壳/岩石圈黏度结构.本文推断的黏度与前人获得的区域尺度的黏度值一致,但揭示出了更多的细节.本文的黏度结构揭示出研究区域内的地壳/岩石圈黏度存在较大的空间变化范围(约5量级),黏度值分布在1.48×10^17~8.44×10^22 Pa·s之间;龙门山断裂带下的黏度存在强烈的小尺度横向变化,其中、下地壳的黏度分别为1.99×10^18~8.21×10^20 Pa·s(平均1.17×10^20 Pa·s)和4.09×10^19~7.08×10^20 Pa·s(平均1.77×10^20 Pa·s).基于该黏度结构的地球动力学模型表明驱动青藏高原中-下地壳物质流动的可能是热-化学浮力,以及上地壳和中-下地壳可能处于解耦状态.本文获得的黏度结构可以为龙门山断裂带地震成因和机制、岩石圈小尺度变形和构造应力状态的深入研究提供重要的帮助. 相似文献
13.
本文采用欧拉反褶积、场源参数成像(SPI)、场源边界提取(SED)、莫霍面反演、地壳三维可视化等多源方法,对青藏高原东北缘地区的布格重力场进行反演与分析,深入研究该地区的深部结构与变形特征,探讨区域深部孕震环境及动力学机制.研究表明,青藏高原东北缘的布格重力场整体呈负异常值,具有明显的分区性,表现出鄂尔多斯盆地异常值相对偏高、阿拉善块体次之、青藏高原块体极低的特点,其中海源断裂系形成了一条宽缓的弧形重力梯度条带,梯度值达1.2 mGal·km^-1.欧拉结果显示,鄂尔多斯盆地相比于青藏高原块体而言,场源点具有较强的均一性,场源强度值高(密度值高)且深度稳定在25~32 km范围内,而高原块体的中下地壳尺度广泛分布着低密度异常体.SPI图可知,海源弧形断裂系位于“浅源异常”弧形区,反映其地壳较为活跃,易发生中强地震.SED图揭示青藏高原地壳向东北扩展,经过几大断裂系的调节后运动矢量向东或东南转化,SED与GPS、SKS运动特征大致相同,说明地表-地壳-地幔的运动特征有着较强的一致性.青藏高原东北缘地区壳幔变形是连贯的,加之莫霍面由北向南、由东向西是逐渐加深的,因此属于垂向连贯变形机制,不符合下地壳管道流动力学模式.区域形成了似三联点构造格局,其中海源弧形断裂系的深部地壳结构复杂,高低密度异常体复杂交汇,是青藏高原、阿拉善、鄂尔多斯三大块体相互作用的重要枢纽,其运动学特征总体为中段走滑尾端逆冲,而断裂系正处于大型的弧形莫霍面斜坡带之上,具备强震的深部孕震环境,因此大尺度的运动调节与深部孕震条件共同促使了该地区中强震的多发. 相似文献
14.
The subduction of the Indian plate underneath Eurasian plate results not only in deformation and movement of the elastic upper crust, but also flow of the ductile lower crust in the high temperature and high pressure which drags the brittle upper crust to move at the same time. These two actions work together producing the present movement and deformation field in Tibetan plateau. The dynamics progress has been verified by GPS observation data. Therefore, in a two-dimension plain model, only the elastic deformation with the boundary action at the upper crust cannot explain the deformation well, the drag force acted on the base of upper crust by the drag of ductile flow of the lower crust also need to be considered. However, it's hard to figure out the magnitude and direction of the drag force. Thus, we established a two-dimension plain elastic finite element model, with the equivalent-body force approach to simulate the drag force. With the internal GPS observation data of Tibetan plateau as constraint condition, we calculated inversely the drag force of key nodes in the model with trial method, and the other nodes in the model with bilinear interpolation method. Finally, we got the drag forces(nodal forces, unit:N) caused by the difference flow of ductile lower crust dragging the brittle upper crust, which are distributed mainly in the region of 86°~100°E and 26°~32°N, the direction is east and south, and the maximum reaches to 1e8N; in some areas in the western part of the study region at 31°~36°N and 76°~80°E, the direction is west, and the maximum reaches to 1e7N. All these work provides a new thought for further research on long-term dynamic mechanism of surface deformation in Tibetan plateau and its surrounding area. 相似文献
15.
Min Wang Zhengkang Shen Zhijun Niu Zusheng Zhang Hanrong Sun Weijun Gan Qi Wang Qun Ren 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(2):25-40
We obtain the preliminary result of crustal deformation velocity field for the Chinese continent by analyzing GPS data from the Crustal Motion Observation Network of China (CMONOC), particularly the data from the regional networks of CMONOC observed in 1999 and 2001. We delineate 9 technically active blocks and 2 broadly distributed deformation zones out of a dense GPS velocity field, and derive block motion Euler poles for the blocks and their relative motion rates. Our result reveals that there are 3 categories of deformation patterns in the Chinese continent. The first category, associated with the interior of the Tibetan Plateau and the Tianshan orogenic belt, shows broadly distributed deformation within the regions. The third category, associated with the Tarim Basin and the region east of the north-south seismic belt of China, shows block-like motion, with deformation accommodated along the block boundaries only. The second category, mainly associated with the borderland of the Tibetan Plateau, such as the Qaidam, Qilian, Xining (in eastern Qinghai), and the Diamond-shaped (in western Sichuan and Yunnan) blocks, has the deformation pattern between the first and the third, i.e. these regions appear to deform block-like, but with smaller sizes and less strength for the blocks. Based on the analysis of the lithospheric structures and the deformation patterns of the regions above, we come to the inference that the deformation modes of the Chinese continental crust are mainly controlled by the crustal structure. The crust of the eastern China and the Tarim Basin is mechanically strong, and its deformation takes the form of relative motion between rigid blocks. On the other hand, the northward indentation of the Indian plate into the Asia continent has created the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the Tianshan Mountains, thickened their crust, and raised the temperature in the crust. The lower crust thus has become ductile, evidenced in low seismic velocity and high electric conductivity observed. The brittle part of the crust, driven by the visco-plastic flow of the lower crust, deforms extensively at all scales. The regions of the second category located at the borderland of the Tibetan Plateau are at the transition zone between the regions of the first and the third categories in terms of the crustal structure. Driven by the lateral boundary forces, their deformation style is also between the two, in the form of block motion and deformation with smaller blocks and less internal strength. 相似文献
16.
We obtain the preliminary result of crustal deformation velocity field for the Chinese con-tinent by analyzing GPS data from the Crustal Motion Observation Network of China (CMONOC), particularly the data from the regional networks of CMONOC observed in 1999 and 2001. We de-lineate 9 tectonically active blocks and 2 broadly distributed deformation zones out of a denseGPS velocity field, and derive block motion Euler poles for the blocks and their relative motionrates. Our result reveals that there are 3 categories of deformation patterns in the Chinese conti-nent. The first category, associated with the interior of the Tibetan Plateau and the Tianshan oro-genic belt, shows broadly distributed deformation within the regions. The third category, associatedwith the Tarim Basin and the region east of the north-south seismic belt of China, shows block-likemotion, with deformation accommodated along the block boundaries only. The second category, mainly associated with the borderland of the Tibetan Plateau, such as the Qaidam, Qilian, Xining(in eastern Qinghai), and the Diamond-shaped (in western Sichuan and Yunnan) blocks, has thedeformation pattern between the first and the third, i.e. these regions appear to deform block-like,but with smaller sizes and less strength for the blocks. Based on the analysis of the lithosphericstructures and the deformation patterns of the regions above, we come to the inference that thedeformation modes of the Chinese continental crust are mainly controlled by the crustal structure.The crust of the eastern China and the Tarim Basin is mechanically strong, and its deformationtakes the form of relative motion between rigid blocks. On the other hand, the northward indentation of the Indian plate into the Asia continent has created the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the Tianshan Mountains, thickened their crust, and raised the temperature in the crust. The lower crust thus has become ductile, evidenced in low seismic velocity and high electric conductivity observed. The brittle part of the crust, driven by the visco-plastic flow of the lower crust, deforms extensively at all scales. The regions of the second category located at the borderland of the Tibetan Plateau are at the transition zone between the regions of the first and the third categories in terms of the crustal structure. Driven by the lateral boundary forces, their deformation style is also between the two, in the form of block motion and deformation with smaller blocks and less internal strength. 相似文献
17.
新生代青藏高原的隆升改变了整个亚洲的构造格局,对气候、环境均产生了重要的影响,但高原的隆升扩展机制众说纷纭.青藏高原东南缘作为扩展前缘,其构造演化对了解整个高原的扩展机制具有重要的意义.本文总结了近年来对青藏高原东南缘地壳结构研究的最新进展,特别是2011年中国地震科学探测台阵计划开展以来,利用密集地震台阵取得的新成果,探讨了青藏高原东南缘地壳的结构与变形机制.这些研究发现青藏高原的地壳由高原向外围减薄,但在高原边界断裂附近存在地壳厚度突变带;下地壳中存在两个独立的低速异常,一个位于松潘—甘孜块体下方,被高原的边界断裂所围限,另一个位于小江断裂带下方,呈NE-SW向展布.我们认为青藏高原东南缘下地壳物质被边界(丽江—小金河)断裂所围限,并没有继续向边缘流出,但是地壳挤出产生的应力作用继续向东南方向传递,造成了小江断裂带附近的地壳变形. 相似文献
18.
青藏高原地壳变形加厚机制一直是地学界研究争论的热点问题.青藏高原目前仍然处在持续向外扩张之中，因此青藏高原的边界地带作为高原向外扩张的最前缘地区代表了高原最新的变形状态，是研究青藏高原地壳变形加厚的关键地区.本文以一条穿过青藏高原东北缘祁连山与酒西盆地结合部的深地震反射剖面为基础，结合前人地质、地球物理资料，通过细致的地质构造解译，获得青藏高原东北缘祁连山与酒西盆地结合部位地壳变形以壳内滑脱带为界上、下解耦.滑脱带位于壳内低速层的顶部，深度14~24 km.滑脱带之上的地壳部分以一系列南倾、北冲，并向下终止于滑脱带的逆冲断裂变形为主，指示了青藏高原向北的扩张方式；滑脱带之下的地壳以Moho面作为变形标志，指示了复杂的挤压缩短变形.据此我们推测上、下地壳的解耦缩短变形对青藏高原东北缘地壳的变形加厚起到了决定性的作用，甚至在整个青藏高原地壳的变形加厚过程中都起到了重要作用. 相似文献