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利用重庆数字地震台网2010年1月至2017年12月的地震波形资料和观测报告,选出5个研究区1 251个M_L≥1.5地震进行波形互相关计算,识别出358对同时被2个地震台站记录且各台波形互相关系数(cc)不小于0.8的重复地震对,涉及342个地震事件,约占地震总数的27%。将筛选出的重复地震对用于定量判断地震目录中震相拾取误差及评估台网定位精度,结果显示:重庆数字地震台网的垂直定位误差约为3 km,水平定位误差约为5 km,Pg、Sg震相拾取误差分别为0.5 s和0.7 s;其中武隆区地震定位和震相拾取精度最高,綦江区最低。 相似文献
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利用国家测震台网数据备份中心时间跨度超过7年的连续波形资料, 设定至少三个台站记录的垂直分量波形互相关系数大于0.8的地震对为一组重复地震, 通过波形互相关分析, 识别出龙门山断裂带周缘波形相关意义上的“重复地震”2790次, 构成2907组重复地震。 沿用Schaff和Richards的研究结果, 假定“重复地震”间距很小(小于1 km), 地震目录记录的重复地震对位置之差主要为地震台网的定位误差所致, 基于此误差给出了龙门山断裂带周缘地震台网的定位精度估计: 台网的水平定位精度较高, 水平定位误差约为2.8 km(2倍标准差), 且西南段台网的水平定位精度优于中北段; 垂直定位精度较差, 垂直定位误差约为10 km(2倍标准差), 现有地震定位方法对震源深度的测定有待改善。 相似文献
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根据Schaff和Richards[1]对“重复地震”的定义,利用波形相关识别出首都圈地区2002~2006年发生的“重复地震事件”.对宽频带/甚宽带和短周期记录,分别采用0.5~5.0 Hz、1.0~5.0 Hz带通滤波,识别出859例“重复地震”事件,占总数约24%.假定“重复地震对”间的距离小于1 km,地震台网测得的两个地震之间的距离系台网定位误差所致,而相应的震相走时差为人工拾取误差,给出了首都圈数字地震台网的定位精度估计.结果显示观测条件较好的首都圈东北部地区平均定位精度约为5 km;西南部地区约为13 km,是观测条件有待改善地区. 相似文献
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《华南地震》2017,(1)
利用广东数字地震台网2010年1月至2013年10月的地震震相到时和波形资料,首先对地震目录进行完整性分析,选出在MC震级0级以上的3 969个地震进行波形互相关分析。设定在至少三个台站记录的垂直分量波形相关系数大于0.8的两个事件为重复地震对,共识别出广东地区的重复地震1 612个,占总数的41%。根据前人"重复地震震中位置间的差异约为四分之一优势波长"的研究成果,将筛选出的重复地震对用于定量判断地震目录中的震相拾取误差和评估台网定位精度,结果显示:广东地震台网的震相拾取误差约80%在0.3 s内,约70%在0.2 s内,40%多在0.1 s内;内陆定位误差较小,这与该地台站密集、方位分布较好有关,而沿海定位误差相对较大。 相似文献
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由"重复地震"给出的中国地震台网的定位精度估计 总被引：13，自引：5，他引：13
用Sehaff和Richards(2004)给出的中国及邻区“重复地震对”的结果，即假定“重复地震对”之间的距离小于1km，而地震台网测得的两个地震之间的距离X是地震台网定位误差的结果，评估了中国地震台网的定位精度及其区域分布。结果显示中国台网的定位误差平均为10km的数量级。X值的空间分布显示青藏高原、新疆西部和北部、内蒙东部等地区是定位精度需要改善的地区。 相似文献
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波形相关意义的"重复地震"在自然界中普遍存在,据Schaff和Richards(2004)对中国大陆及邻区的研究表明,其比例约占地震总数的10%甚至更多。近年来随着数字地震观测技术的普及和发展,有关"重复地震"的研究引起越来越多的关注,"重复地震"已被广泛应用于检测地壳介质性质变化、评估地震台网的定位精度、地震"复发"和断层深部滑动速率的估算;在提高定位和震相识别精度、断层结构、震源物理及地震预测研究等方面都显示出值得关注的应用潜力。 相似文献
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区域地震台网监测能力的科学评估,是进行区域地震活动性和地震危险性分析的重要基础,最小完整性震级Mc是表征台网监测能力的关键．本文以甘肃测震台网的地震观测报告和区域地震目录为基础资料,分析了甘肃及邻区地震监测能力在时、空上的分布特征,利用ldquo;震级 序号rdquo;法、ldquo;最大曲率rdquo;法(MAXC)、拟合度分别为90%和95%的拟合优度检验法(GFT)及ldquo;完整性震级范围rdquo;法（EMR）等,研究了甘肃区域地震目录最小完整性震级Mc的时、空分布特征．结果表明,1980年以来甘肃测震台网的地震监测能力得到了逐步提高,模拟记录时期和ldquo;九五rdquo;期间甘东南地区的地震监测能力明显高于祁连山地震带中西段,ldquo;十五rdquo;测震台网运行后,甘肃及邻区的地震监测能力的空间差异明显缩小．最小完整性震级Mc和监测能力的时空分布特征具有较好的一致性．随着台网的改造,Mc逐步降低,ldquo;十五rdquo;台网运行后,甘肃及邻区的ML1.8以上地震基本完整．此外,还讨论了相关技术规范对区域台网地震目录的影响,并且提出了消除该影响的科学途径和有效方法．该研究结果可为甘肃及邻区地震活动性分析和地震危险性评价等相关研究提供参考． 相似文献
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对1995年加利福尼亚里奇克雷斯特地震序列，使用伯克利数字地震台网（BDSN）的宽带，大动态范围仪器记录的数据进行了地震定位和震源参数估计。本文的目的是研究稀疏宽带合网对网外区域的监测能力，它也适合于全面禁止核试验条约（CTBT）监测小震级地震事件的情况，另外，我们还介绍一个震例研究，这是其他区域宽带台网检测能力的代表。为了评估稀疏台网的检测能力，我们把根据BDSN震相测量所估计的地震位置与“直实位置”目录中由南加州地震台网（SCSN）记录数据得出的高质量地震位置做了比较。为了确定不同类型数据对绝对事件定位的重要性，使用了一个自适应网络搜索定位程度，它利用了一个或多个台站的多震相拾取的时间和方位角。我们使用了BDSN台站距离范围在250－500km和500-800km内的稀疏子台网，结果表明：在区域距离范围内，可能得到达到18km以内的绝对事件定位，这是CTBT所要求的，然而，在远区域距离范围内，较低的保噪水平不可能使事件的定位达到CTBT所要求的目标。 相似文献
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地震台网的震中定位精度判据 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用已出版的地震报告中的数据对震中精度进行了可靠且保守的估计。因为大量的地震研究依赖于地震定位报告,所以要估算地震定位误差。地震定位和参数估算大多数都是通过传统的线性反演方法用一维地球模型计算走时来获得。假设误差是高斯分布、零均值和不相关的,报告给出的定位结果是不精确的。遗憾的是,这种假设通常情况下是不成立的,特别对高置信度而言,不能真实估算定位误差。研究发现,地震定位精度与地震台网的几何形状紧密相关。我们利用两个确定震中位置的爆破形成近震台网(0°~2·5°)的定位判据。利用蒙特卡罗模拟台网几何,我们发现当近震台网符合以下判据时近震台网定位能精确到5km之内,具有95%的置信度:(1)250km以内有10个或更多的台站;(2)方位角小于110°;(3)次级方位角小于160°;(4)30km以内至少有一个台站。为得到近区域台网(2·5°~10°)、区域台网(2·5°~20°)和远震台网(28°~91°)的地震定位精度判据,我们使用了大量定位很好的地震和核爆炸数据。当超过局部范围时,我们发现次级方位角足以控制定位精度。当次级方位角超过120°时,定位误差将增加。当台站覆盖的次级方位角标准小于120°时,近区域台网的定位精度为20km,具有90%的置信度,区域台网和远震台网的定位精度为25km,具有90%的置信度。 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
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Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
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Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
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K.-G. Malle 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(4):196-204
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters. 相似文献