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1.
在2000年6-7月新疆阜康地区野外观测资料和美国宇航局Goddard地球观测系统资料同化系统计算相应时间能量收支基础上分析了夏季我国西部干旱地区辐射特征和能量收支.新疆阜康地区观测的夏季中午平均吸收辐射为664 W/m2左右,反照率为17%,夜间长波净辐射值为60W/m2左右.模式计算的相应地区的辐射特征与观测结果相当接近.模式计算结果表明,夏季新疆、甘肃西部、内蒙一带为感热通量高值区,其最大值在华北、东北地区,其值可达300W/m2.广大西北地区潜热通量都很低,其高值区在华东、华南、西藏东部和四川一带,最大值可达250-300W/m2. 相似文献
2.
在2000年6-7月新疆阜康地区野外观测资料和美国宇航局Goddard地球观测系统资料同化系统计算相应时间能量收支基础上分析了夏季我国西部干旱地区辐射特征和能量收支。新疆阜康地区观测的夏季中午平均吸收辐射为664W/m^2左右，反照率为17%，夜间长波净辐射值为60W/m^2左右。模式计算的相应地区的辐射特征与观测结果相当接近。模式计算结果表明，夏季新疆、甘肃西部、内蒙一带为感热通量高值区，其最大值在华北、东北地区，其值可达300W/m^2。广大西北地区潜热通量都很低，其高值区在华东、华南、西藏东部和四川一带，最大值可达250-300W/m^2。 相似文献
3.
鄱阳湖夏季水热通量特征及环境要素影响分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
气候变化加速了全球水文循环过程,然而,气候变化如何影响水体蒸发及其水热通量交换仍然不清楚.基于涡度相关系统观测鄱阳湖水体水热通量过程,在小时和日尺度分析了水热通量的变化规律及其主要影响因子.研究表明,潜热通量日变化波动剧烈,大部分为正值,变化范围在-50~580 W/m2之间.而感热通量数值较小,变化范围在-50~50 W/m2之间.8月份潜热通量和感热通量均呈波动下降趋势,均值分别为167.4和15.9 W/m2.8月份日平均潜热通量和感热通量之和大于净辐射,这是由于这一时段储存在水体中的热量释放并补充潜热通量和感热通量.小时尺度上潜热通量日变化在相位上与净辐射无显著相关性,而与风速显著相关.在日尺度变化趋势上,8月份日平均潜热通量仍主要受到风速和水温的影响,感热通量则主要受到风速和饱和水汽压差的影响. 相似文献
4.
《中国科学:地球科学》2018,(11)
黄海和东海作为中国最为重要的陆架边缘海,其碳源汇的性质与变化对近海生态系统及区域气候演变具有重要影响.文章从海气界面CO_2交换、水体溶解/颗粒碳溶存及沉积物碳埋藏等3个方面归纳总结了黄东海碳源汇特征与控制过程,以期为进一步研究陆架边缘海碳源汇过程及效应提供帮助.(1)黄海和东海具有迥异的海气CO_2交换特性.黄海的海气CO_2交换在源汇性质及通量强度上存在较大不确定性,黄海的124°E以西的海域在冬、春季表现为大气CO_2的汇,在夏、秋季表现为源,而大量的研究结果显示在全年尺度上黄海是大气CO_2的源.表层海水温度与浮游生物活动控制着黄海CO_2源汇的变化,两者分别主导了黄海外部海域与近岸海域的海气CO_2交换通量.东海全年则表现为大气CO_2的碳汇,年均通量约为(-4.2±3.2)mmol m~(-2)d~(-1),共可吸收碳约13.7×10~6t,其中冬、春、夏季吸收大气CO_2,秋季释放CO_2.东海不同季节海气界面CO_2通量的年际变化的影响因素复杂多变.(2)黄海和东海水体中分别储有425×10~6t、1364×10~6t的DIC和28.2×10~6t、54.1×10~6t的DOC,从南黄海近年DOC浓度有减小趋势看,其水体溶存"实际碳汇"量在减小.黄东海POC的总量约10.6×10~6t,与海气界面CO_2交换通量基本处于同一量级.黄海浮游生物年固碳量约为60.42×10~6t,东海为153.41×10~6t,其中近海大型经济藻类的年固碳量约为0.36×10~6～0.45×10~6t,生物固碳是具有多重价值的"蓝碳增汇"举措.(3)黄海陆架沉积物中有机碳的埋藏通量每年约为4.75×10~6t,其中海源有机碳的埋藏量为3.03×10~6t,占黄海浮游生物固碳量的5.0%,而东海陆架沉积物中有机碳的埋藏通量为每年7.4×10~6t,其中海源有机碳的埋藏量为5.5×10~6t,占东海浮游生物固碳量的5.4%.黄东海具有高于全球海洋平均水平的沉积物埋藏通量,对黄东海最终的"蓝碳增汇"作用巨大. 相似文献
5.
青藏高原湖泊表层沉积物中陆源正构烷烃氢同位素比值的气候意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过分析1961—2005年长江流域水汽收支的时空变化及环流特征,发现：1）长江流域春季、秋季、冬季和年均水汽收支下降,而夏季增加：长江上游除夏季外均变化显著,中下游则只有春季、夏季和秋季变化显著;2）长江中下游各季节及年水汽收支与降水的关系都通过了裎著性检验,其中夏季关系最好,而长江上游只有春季和秋季通过显著性检验;3）夏季长江流域水汽输送下降,但水汽收支却增加,可能与东亚夏季风减弱有关,而东亚夏季风的减弱可能与东亚大陆上空低层大气位势高度显著增强有关。 相似文献
6.
运用国际能量平衡实验(EBEX-2000)的湍流、净辐射和土壤观测资料,运用涡动相关法分析了非均匀灌溉引起的热内边界层发展条件下近地层感热、潜热通量特征,并对有无灌溉两种条件下的能量闭合度进行了对比分析.在计算感热、潜热通量过程中,分别将Schotanus订正和Webb订正纳入了考虑范围,研究了两种订正方法对计算湍流热通量的影响.研究结果发现,由于非均匀灌溉生成的热内边界层使得近地层感热通量受到抑制,潜热通量出现波动,该现象在8.7 m比2.7 m 更为显著.非均匀灌溉导致的热内边界层的存在使得近地层能量闭合度偏低,能量平衡比率约为0.65;而没有热内边界层存在时,近地层能量平衡比率约为0.70.本实验中,Schotanus订正使得感热通量显著减小,其订正量日平均值约为-8 W/m2,占净辐射的近4%;Webb订正量日平均值约为2 W/m2,对能量平衡的影响较小. 相似文献
7.
源区划分和质量过滤提高湖面涡动相关通量数据可靠性的同时,却降低了通量时间序列的连续性.为此,本文基于TensorFlow机器学习框架构建了一种超宽人工神经网络(ANN)模型.在选择输入ANN模型的特征变量信息时,我们采取了尽可能获取湍流输送过程中热力、动力学同步观测背景强迫信息的原则.通过ANN模型模拟通量的插补,本文实现了通量时间序列连续性的优化,插补后的羊卓雍错湖面通量数据的时间覆盖率从不足0.40提升至超过0.98.基于10次折叠交叉验证的ANN模型通量模拟性能检验则表明,各个检验组之间ANN模型的模拟误差波动较小,这显示出了较好的稳健性.具体地讲,感热通量、潜热通量和水汽通量原始观测平均值分别约为18.8 W/m~2、81.5 W/m~2和1.84 mmol/(s·m~2),10组交叉验证的插补感热通量、潜热通量和水汽通量平均绝对误差分别为5.4 W/m~2、15.7 W/m~2和0.35 mmol/(s·m~2).这表明本文所探索的ANN建模结构和同步观测变量筛选原则可更充分地利用观测点局地同步观测信息估算通量强度,有效地优化湍流通量数据的时间连续性,从而提升通量数据的可分析性. 相似文献
8.
小时尺度水面蒸发可影响水面大气边界层热力和动力结构,分析湖泊小时尺度水面蒸发主要影响因素,选取准确模拟其特征的蒸发模型,将有助于改善流域天气预报和空气质量预报.基于太湖避风港站2012—2013年通量、辐射和气象观测数据,分析太湖小时尺度水面蒸发主要影响因子和3个模型(传统质量传输模型、Granger and Hedstrom经验模型、DYRESM模型)的模拟效果.结果表明:影响太湖小时尺度水面蒸发的主要因子为水气界面水汽压差和风速的乘积,而非净辐射.传统质量传输模型、Granger and Hedstrom经验模型、DYRESM模型模拟值与全年实测值的一致性系数分别为0.92、0.87和0.89,均方根误差分别为28.35、41.58和38.26 W/m~2.传统质量传输模型对太湖小时尺度水面蒸发的日变化和季节动态模拟效果最佳,其夜间模拟相对误差小于3%,除秋季外,其他季节的模拟绝对误差均小于4 W/m~2.Granger and Hedstrom经验模型系统性地高估太湖潜热通量,在大气较为稳定的午后(高估22~32 W/m~2)和冬季(高估72%)高估最为明显,模拟效果最差.DYRESM模型也系统地高估太湖潜热通量,模拟效果居中.考虑水汽交换系数随风速的变化特征将有助于改善传统质量传输模型和DYRESM模型对太湖小时尺度水面蒸发的模拟精度. 相似文献
9.
对我国近海海域有历史记载以来的地震的震级、震中参数进行了整理分析,并分析了各海域地震活动的时、空分布规律,根据历史地震资料,确定海域受历史地震影响的最大影响烈度,然后初步分析了地震活动与现代构造应力场、地球物理场的关系.研究发现:(1)近海海域历史地震资料的精度较低,中强地震存在明显的遗漏.(2)渤海、台湾海峡、南海北部地震活动性较强,黄海次之,东海最弱.(3)近海海域的震害主要来自海域地震和近岸陆地强震的影响,影响强弱依次为:渤海、黄海、东南沿海、东海.(4)现代构造应力场以水平向构造应力场作用下的走滑运动为主,最大主应力方向受印度板决和太平洋板块、菲律宾海板块的俯冲挤压方向影响.(5)海域地球物理场,特别是布格重力异常、地壳厚度分布与强震构造带的空间分布关系的相关性较好.本文的研究结果可为我国海域及滨海重要工程的抗震设防、海域地震危险性区划提供一定的基础. 相似文献
10.
北冰洋夏季开阔洋面和浮冰近地层热量平衡参数的观测估算 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：18
利用中国北极科学考察队在北冰洋浮冰站和“雪龙号”考察船获得的大气边界层观测资料, 采用涡旋相关法和廓线法对1999年8月19~24日北冰洋浮冰和开阔水面近地层的热量平衡参数进行了估算. 结果表明, 冰面的净辐射仅为开阔海面的8%, 主要消耗于感热输送和融化, 冰面损失的热量超过了吸收的净辐射, 并由冰的深层热传导来补偿, 潜热通量对冰面热平衡的贡献较小. 开阔海面吸收的净辐射主要以潜热和感热向大气输送, 分别占52%和25%, 剩余部分向深层水体传导. 观测事实说明北冰洋夏季开阔海面/大气和冰面/大气之间的热量交换过程有显著差异, 开阔洋面有大量的水汽向大气输送, 这对研究北冰洋地区海/冰/气相互作用对气候过程的影响是十分重要的. 相似文献
11.
利用1979-2009年NCEP第二套大气再分析资料和ERSST海温资料,分析南海夏季风爆发时间的年际和年代际变化特征,考察南海夏季风爆发早晚与南大洋海温之间的联系.主要结果为:(1)南海夏季风爆发时间年际和年代际变化明显,1979-1993年与1994-2009年前后两个阶段爆发时间存在阶段性突变;(2)南海夏季风爆发时间与前期冬季(12-1月)印度洋-南大洋(0-80°E,75°S-50°S)海温、春季(2-3月)太平洋-南大洋(170°E -80°W,75°S-50°S)海温都存在正相关关系,当前期冬、春季南大洋海温偏低(高)时,南海夏季风爆发偏早(晚).南大洋海温信号,无论是年际还是年代际变化,都对南海夏季风爆发具有一定的预测指示作用;(3)南大洋海温异常通过海气相互作用和大气遥相关影响南海夏季风爆发的迟早.当南大洋海温异常偏低(偏高)时,冬季南极涛动偏强(偏弱),同时通过遥相关作用使热带印度洋-西太平洋地区位势高度偏低(偏高)、纬向风加强(减弱),热带大气这种环流异常一直维持到春季4、5月份,位势高度和纬向风异常范围逐步向北扩展并伴随索马里越赤道气流的加强(减弱),从而为南海夏季风爆发偏早(偏晚)提供有利的环流条件.初步分析认为,热带大气环流对南大洋海气相互作用的遥响应与半球际大气质量重新分布引起的南北涛动有关. 相似文献
12.
海平面变化是社会经济发展和科学研究的重要内容.利用1993年1月至2012年12月共20年的TOPEX/Poseidon、Jason-1和Jason-2卫星测高数据,研究中国海海平面的时空变化.首先通过三颗卫星伴飞阶段数据得到三颗卫星之间的逐点海面高系统偏差,进行逐点海面高改正,建立了20年的中国海海面高异常时间序列.分析了中国海海面高异常空间分布,给出了1月到12月月均平均海平面异常的空间变化规律.分析了中国海海面高异常的时变规律,分别给出了年、季度和月的海面上升速率.利用小波分析研究了中国海海面高异常周期变化规律,分别给出了渤海、黄海、东海和南海的海面高变化周期.讨论了ENSO对海面高异常的影响. 相似文献
13.
以19年（1988～2006年）的SSM/I（Special Sensor Microwave/ Imager）卫星观测为基础,计算了南海的逐月海面蒸发量,并结合SSM/I的降雨观测,得到了南海的逐月净淡水通量,并分析其季节和年际变化.研究结果表明：南海的蒸发量年变化基本呈双峰型结构,降雨和净淡水通量呈单峰型结构.1988～2001年,南海的蒸发量呈上升趋势,增长速率为1 mm/yr;2001～2006年,以1.9 mm/yr的速率减少.南海的降雨量和净淡水通量与Nino3指数成负相关,相关系数为-0.62和-0.58.在1997～1998厄尔尼诺暖事件期间,降雨量和净淡水通量均显著下降,且以其为界,降雨量在此之前以1.3 mm/yr的速率增长,净淡水通量升降趋势不明显;而在此之后,降雨以8.5 mm/yr的速率下降,净淡水通量的下降速率为7.5 mm/yr. 相似文献
14.
W. P. Budgell 《Ocean Dynamics》2005,55(3-4):370-387
A dynamic–thermodynamic sea ice model has been coupled to a three-dimensional ocean general circulation model for the purpose of conducting ocean climate dynamical downscaling experiments for the Barents Sea region. To assess model performance and suitability for such an application, the coupled model has been used to conduct a hindcast for the period 1990–2002. A comparison with available observations shows that the model successfully tracks seasonal and inter-annual variability in the ocean temperature field and that the simulated horizontal and vertical distribution of temperature are in good agreement with observations. The model results follow the seasonal and inter-annual variability in sea ice cover in the region, with the exception that the model results show too much ice melting in the northern Barents Sea during summer. The spatial distribution of the winter simulated sea ice cover is in close agreement with observations. Modelled temperatures and ice concentrations in the central Barents Sea are biased too high and too low, respectively. The probable cause is too high inflow of Atlantic Water into the Barents. The seasonal and inter-annual fluctuations in temperature and sea ice cover in the central Barents are, however, in excellent agreement with observations. Salt release during the freezing process in the numerical simulation exhibits considerable inter-annual variability and tends to vary in an opposite manner to the net inflow volume flux at the western entrance of the Barents Sea. Overall, the model produces realistic ice-ocean seasonal and inter-annual variability and should prove to be a useful tool for dynamical downscaling applications. 相似文献
15.
Seasonal variation of water column structure and sediment transport in a mud depo-center off the Zhejiang-Fujian coast in China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Two surveys were conducted in December, 2008, and August, 2009, in the mud depo-center off the Zhejiang-Fujian coast (MDZFC) in the inner shelf of East China Sea to depict the seasonal variation of the water column structure and analyze the factors responsible for the variation. The results were also used to discuss the sediment transport process and formation mechanism of the MDZFC. The water column structures varied significantly between the two surveys, with respect to the temperature, salinity, and turbidity. The summer water body, with relatively high temperatures and salinities, was evidently stratified with respect to the temperature, whereas the salinity remained constant throughout the water column. The stratification restricts sediment resuspension and transport. From the north to the south, the temperature in the middle-bottom water layer slightly increased, whereas the salinity remained mostly constant. In winter, the water body, with relatively low temperatures and salinities, was well mixed vertically. The temperature and salinity both increased from the surface to the bottom toward the east (deep water) and the south. A wedge-shaped water mass, which appears as a coastal upwelling, with relatively low temperature and high salinity in summer and relatively high temperature and high salinity in winter, spread landward along the sea floor, from the sea deeper than 50 m, whereas the extension was relatively stronger in winter. The water turbidity in winter was clearly higher than in summer. In the surface layer, the turbidity was generally greater than 5 FTU in winter and less than 1 FTU in summer. In the bottom layer, the turbidity was much greater than 200 FTU in winter and slightly greater than 50 FTU in summer. Moreover, the turbid water layer close to the sea floor in winter can reach into an area deeper than 50 m with a thickness of over 10 m; however, it was only limited to only 30-m-deep water with a thickness of 5 m in summer. The differences of marine sedimentary environment in the MDZFC were attributed to the seasonal variations of hydrodynamics environment, weather conditions, sediment supplies, and seasonal circulations. The results suggest that winter is the key season for particle transportation and deposition. The bottom turbid layer is the primarily channel of sediment transport, and the upwelling currents and the oceanic front systems play an important role in the sediment deposit processes and the formation of the MDZFC. 相似文献
16.
South China Sea is the largest marginal sea of the Western Pacific between the Pacific Ocean and Asia Continent. It has been influenced by both the Pacific Ocean and continental climate. Its continental margins are broad in north and south, narrow in west. There are many islands in east. A large amount of siliciclastic sediments derived from peri-continents and islands were trans-ported into the sea[1], in which significant information of paleoceanography and paleoclimate and paleoenvironm… 相似文献
17.
We use the hydrographic data obtained during the joint survey of the Yellow Sea by the First Institute of Oceanography, China and the Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Korea, to quantify the spatial structures and temporal evolution of the southern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM). It is indicated that the southern YSCWM is a water mass that develops in summer and decays in fall. In winter, due to the intrusion of the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC), the central area (approximately between 34°N and 35°N, 122°E and 124°E) of the Yellow Sea is mainly occupied by relatively high temperature water (T>10 °C). By contrast, from early summer to fall, under the seasonal thermocline, the central area of Yellow Sea is occupied by cold water (T<10 °C). In summer, the southern YSCWM has two cold cores. One is formed locally southeast of Shandong Peninsula, and the other one has a tongue-like feature occupying the area approximately between 34°N and 37°N, 123°E and 126°E. The bottom layer temperature anomalies from February to July in the cold tongue region, along with the trajectories of the bottom floaters, suggest that the cold water mass in the northeast region has a displacement from the north to the central area of the Yellow Sea during the summer. 相似文献
18.
Seasonal variation of upper layer circulation in the northern part of the East/Japan Sea and its mechanism were investigated using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis with satellite sea surface heights over the northern East/Japan Sea and a three-dimensional circulation model. The spatial structure and temporal variation of first EOF mode, which explains about 64% of the total variance, indicate that a large cyclonic circulation in the northern East/Japan Sea shows a semi-annual variation with maximum strength in summer and winter. According to numerical model result, the Liman Cold Current, accepted as a major current in the northern East/Japan Sea, is well mixed vertically by the winter monsoon and the current in the upper layer has a relatively deep structure, with a maximum westward speed of about 20 cm/s in winter. On the other hand, in summer the current has a stronger baroclinic structure of velocity than in winter. Numerical experiments showed that in summer the temporal variation of upper layer circulation is controlled by thermal forcing, such as sea surface heat flux and inflow of heat transport into the East/Japan Sea through the Korea/Tsushima Strait. Moreover, the cyclonic circulation in the upper layer of the northern East/Japan Sea is also generated and strengthened by the positive wind stress curl occupying most of the East/Japan Sea during the winter. The seasonal variation of each forcing that drives the circulation is responsible for the strength or weakness of the upper layer circulation in the northern East/Japan Sea. The contribution of each forcing to the seasonal variation of the upper layer circulation is examined through sensitivity experiments. According to these numerical experiments, the upper layer circulation in the northern East/Japan Sea is strengthened twice a year, in winter and summer, and this semi-annual variation is determined by a combination of wind (winter) and thermal (summer) forcing. 相似文献
19.
利用Rayleigh波群速度资料反演得到中国大陆及其临近海域的(70°E-145°E,10°N-55°N)15-120s周期的群速度分布图像. 塔里木盆地在15s处清楚地显示为低速,在16-33s左右没有显示,但在36-5s显示为高速,说明塔里木盆地有较深的根. 青藏高原块体是44s至120s图像中最为突出的低速块体,南面与印度板块的分界线以及与北面的塔里木盆地、柴达木盆地的分界清晰,其块体中西部的速度低于东部. 泰国清迈附近存在一尺度为1000km左右的低速带,可能是青藏高原块体的物质向东南方向迁移造成上地幔物质上涌的结果. 南北地震带表现为强烈的速度梯度带,西面为低速,东面为高速. 中国南海的中央、日本海中央、菲律宾海表现为海洋性地壳. 菲律宾海的图像与地形及地震带完全吻合. 环绕菲律宾海及日本海存在400km左右宽的低速带,可能是岩浆活动带. 相似文献
20.
Sea surface height and transport stream function of the South China Sea from a variable-grid global ocean circulation model 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
The study on the South China Sea (SCS) circulation has a history of more than 40 years. Nevertheless, the SCS circulation is not fully understood compared with the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea (ECS). Many numerical studies on the SCS circulati… 相似文献