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根据美国地质调查局(United States Geological Survey,缩写为USGS)国家地震信息中心(National Earthquake Information Centre,缩写为NEIC)的测定,2021 年2 月13 日14 时7 分50 秒( UTC) ,日本本州以东发生了一次矩震级高达 MW7.2 的地震,震中位于( 37.745°N, 141.749°E),震源深度为 49.94 km,这是截至本文发稿时最终更新的定位结果,更新前为(37.686°N,141.992°E),震源深度为54.0 km.美国地质调查局(USGS,2021)和全球矩心矩张量组( GCMT, 2021)随后发布了这次地震的矩心矩张量解(表1).震后48小时内累计发生M>2.5 余震13 次,其中最大的余震震级达到MW5.3,主震和余震的深度分布在35—65 km之间.该事件所在区域曾于2011 年3 月11 日发生过MW9.1 特大地震(Duputel et al,2012a)并引起破坏性海啸,相较于2011年MW9.1事件,本次事件的位置更靠近西侧,发生在俯冲带较深的区域. 相似文献
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2013年4月20日四川芦山MW6.7 (MS7.0)地震参数的测定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2013年4月20日四川芦山MW6.7(MS7.0)地震发生后, 中国地震台网中心(CENC)发布了地震速报参数. 该文利用中国国家地震台网97个台站的资料对地震速报参数进行了修订, 得出: 四川芦山MW6.7地震的发震时刻为北京时间8时2分47.5秒(世界时间0时2分47.5秒), 震中位置为30.30°N、 102.99°E, 震源深度17 km. 该地震的面波震级为MS7.0, 短周期体波震级为mb6.0, 中长周期体波震级为mB7.0; 利用波形反演的方法计算了震源机制解, 得到的最佳双力偶解的参数分别为节面Ⅰ: 走向17°/倾角48°/滑动角80°; 节面Ⅱ: 走向212°/倾角43°/滑动角101°, 矩震级为MW6.7. 中国地震台网中心发布本次地震为面波震级MS7.0, 而美国地质调查局(USGS)国家地震信息中心(NEIC)发布为矩震级MW6.6. 为了消除这种差别, 建议我国也应将矩震级作为对外发布的首选震级, 使震级的发布与国际接轨. 相似文献
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北京时间2022年9月5日12时52分，四川甘孜藏族自治州泸定县发生6.8级地震.利用震中附近1 Hz高频GNSS观测数据获取了同震速度和位移波形，并快速测定了泸定地震的震中和震级.实验结果表明：高频GNSS反演的震中与美国地质调查局(USGS)发布的震中相差32 km,与中国地震台网中心发布值相差16 km;高频GNSS反演的震级，与两个机构均仅差0.1个震级单位.针对地震预警、震后快速响应等时效性应用，提出了一种联合高频GNSS和强震数据的线源破裂特征快速反演方法.泸定地震实验结果表明：在震后20 s时可获得稳定的线源模型，破裂长度、方向和破裂模式值分别为33.3 km、151°和0.6,破裂方向与USGS震源机制解断层走向相差14°,反演的断层破裂模式为双侧破裂.提出的地震断层破裂特征快速反演方法可用于地震预警、震后灾害快速评估以及紧急响应，同时可为今后联合高频GNSS和强震数据快速测定地震破裂特征提供参考. 相似文献
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利用远场台阵反投影技术可以较少地依赖先验经验,于震后快速获得震源破裂过程时空分布特征,并据此估算矩震级。本文使用美国阿拉斯加宽频带台阵记录到的远场直达P波数据,基于反投影方法,对2023年9月9日摩洛哥MW6.9地震震源破裂过程及震级进行分析。结果显示,地震破裂走向以NE-SW向为主,地震能量在10～20s集中在震中距10km范围内释放,与震源机制解和震中区亚特拉斯山脉走向基本一致。震源破裂持续时间结合在全球分布均匀的GSN台网记录到的P波最大位移数据,在震后约15min即可快速估算出本次地震矩震级为MW7.0,与中国地震台网中心和美国地质调查局发布震级基本一致。 相似文献
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阪神·淡路大震灾后 ,日本着手对原有的地震观测体制作彻底改革 ,多项全国性配置地震计的计划同时开始启动。地震引起的地面晃动的程度不尽相同 ,无感微小地震引发的晃动仅有 0 .0 0 1 μm,频率为1 0 Hz;巨大地震引起的地面晃动的幅度高达 2～ 3 m,周期也有几十秒。虽说都称之为地震计 ,但由于地震动的振幅和频率涉及的范围太大 ,所以应针对观测对象选用不同类型的地震计。下面介绍不同类型的观测网。1 强震观测网 ( K- NET)无论大地有多大的晃动都能将其准确记录下来的地震计称之为强震计。它构造坚实 ,信号明确 ,通常设置在地表 ,对了… 相似文献
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In this study, we have checked the location and focal depth of the Yecheng earthquake (m b = 6.0, maximum intensity VII) of February 14, 1980. The result shows that this is an intermediate event with a focal depth of 90 km. The microepicenter is located at 36. 4°N, 76, 9°E, while the macroepicenter is at 37.3°N, 76.9°E, 90 km to the north of the microepicenter. This is the first destructive intermediate event in China which led to a damage as severe as of intensity VII. The focal mechanism of the event is determined to be of thrust type. Combined with the analysis of seismological and geological data in surrounding area, the possible relation between the event and plate movement has been discussed. The result in this paper indicates that in some particular place, the destructive effect of intermediate event should be considered in seismic hazard assessment. 相似文献
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Michael O. Garcia Diane Hanano Ashton Flinders Dominique Weis Garrett Ito Mark D. Kurz 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2012,74(6):1445-1463
The size, shape, and magmatic history of the most recently discovered shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, Mahukona, have been controversial. Mahukona corresponds to what was thought to be a gap in the paired sequence (Loa and Kea trends) of younger Hawaiian volcanoes (<4?Ma). Here, we present the results of marine expeditions to Mahukona where new bathymetry, sidescan sonar, gravity data, and lava samples were collected to address these controversies. Modeling of bathymetric and gravity data indicate that Mahukona is one of the smallest Hawaiian volcanoes (～6,000?km3) and that its magmatic system was not focused in a long-lived central reservoir like most other Hawaiian volcanoes. This lack of a long-lived magmatic reservoir is reflected by the absence of a central residual gravity high and the random distribution of cones on Mahukona Volcano. Our reconstructed subsidence history for Mahukona suggests it grew to at least ～270?m below sea level but probably did not form an island. New 40Ar–39Ar plateau ages range from 350 to 654?ka providing temporal constraints for Mahukona’s post-shield and shield stages of volcanism, which ended prematurely. Mahukona post-shield lavas have high 3He/4He ratios (16–21?Ra), which have not been observed in post-shield lavas from other Hawaiian volcanoes. Lava compositions range widely at Mahukona, including Pb isotopic values that straddle the boundary between Kea and Loa sequences of volcanoes. The compositional diversity of Mahukona lavas may be related to its relatively small size (less extensive melting) and the absence of a central magma reservoir where magmas would have been homogenized. 相似文献
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Sun, climate, hunger, and mass migration 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
Kenneth J. Hsu 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1998,41(5):449-472
Paleoclimatic studies indicate four epochs of global cooling during the last 4 000 years, i. e. during the few centuries before
and after 2000 BC, 800 BC, 400 AD, and 1 600 AD; the quasiperiodicity corresponds to cyclic variation of solar activity. Global
temperature changes influenced regional precipitation patterns: Northern Europe was wetter while the middle- and low-latitude
lands were more arid during colder epochs. Both sets of cold climatical conditions were unfavorable for agricultural production.
Historical records show that large demographic movements in history took place because of crop failures and mass starvation,
rather than escaping from war zones. The “wandering” of the Germanic tribes during the first two or three centuries of the
Christian Era is one example. Whereas the accelerated release of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels is ultimately
to cause global warming, historical evidence indicates, however, that global warming has been on the whole a blessing to mankind.
Global cooling, on the other hand, has curtailed agricultural production and has led to famines and mass migrations of people.
Perhaps the most important task at the present is not so much computer-modelling of greenhouse effect on global climate, but
water-management and agricultural researches to insure food-supply for an everincreasing world population. 相似文献
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In this study, we experimentally established the relationship between physical properties, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of coal, Taiyuan Formation, Qinshui Basin, China using representative coal samples collected from three different mines via the rock mechanics testing system (MTS). We analyzed the organic macerals, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of 11 coal samples using petrography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results suggest that (1) the elastic parameters can be described by linear equations, (2) both P-and S-wave velocities display anisotropy, (3) the anisotropy negatively correlates with vitrinite reflectance, and (4) the acoustic velocities and Young’s modulus are negatively correlated with the volume of micropores. The derived empirical equations can be used in the forward modeling and seismic inversion of physical properties of coal for improving the coal-bed methane (CBM) reservoir characterization. 相似文献
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Abu Sayeed Shafiuddin Ahmed Mohammad Belal Hossain Saad Mohammad Omar Faruque Babu Moshiur Rahman Jun Sun Mohammad Shafiqul Islam Sarker 《国际泥沙研究》2022,37(1):83-96
Sediment samples from the Gomti River basin were investigated to determine and evaluate trace metal concentrations,their biological effect,and potential ecological and human health risks for adults and children.The mean concentrations of trace metals were organized in the descending order of mercury(Hg)(0.08 mg/kg)>chromium(Cr)(0.06 mg/kg)>lead(Pb)(0.05 mg/kg)>arsenic(As)(0.02 mg/kg)>cadmium(Cd)(0.01 mg/kg).The current study illustrated that metals were attributed to the area from natural sources and different anthropogenic sources especially from industries.However,the concentration levels were lower than the sediment quality guidelines(SQGs)based on the effect-range classifications of threshold effect concentration(TEC)and probable effect concentration(PEC).Therefore,the concentration of the elements showed no adverse biological effects on aquatic organisms.The evaluated potential ecological risk index also revealed the low toxicity to the aquatic environment.Moreover,the applied sediment quality indices,geo-accumulation index(Igeo),contamination factor(CF),and contamination severity index(CSI)suggested that the contamination levels of the elements were in the acceptable range,and the contamination had not notably impacted on the sediment quality.The risk index(HI)concerning age groups was significantly less than the threshold limit of 1 indicating that the contamination had no non-carcinogenic risk effect.The total carcinogenic risk(TCR)was less than a risk value of 1×104.Hence,the current study suggests that immediate remediation is not required due to an absence of alarming conditions in the study area.Proper monitoring of the attribution of the metal elements should be done for the betterment of human and environmental health。 相似文献