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1.
利用中国台湾省内222个强震动台站以及Palert地震预警系统520个台站所观测的三分量加速度记录,研究此次花莲M_W6.4地震近场强地震动空间分布和衰减特征,将观测结果与美国NGA-West2地震动经验预测模型进行对比,揭示此次台湾花莲地震近场地震动的长周期特点,基于回归残差分析研究地震动峰值加速度(PGA)、峰值速度(PGV)和不同周期地震动的空间分布差异,定量考察近场地震动的方向性效应.研究结果表明:(1)整体上此次地震的近场PGV观测值和周期1.0s以上的长周期加速度谱值与美国NGA-West2地震动预测模型结果接近,PGA观测值和周期小于1.0s的加速度反应谱略低于预测模型结果.从空间分布来看,周期1.0s以上的长周期地震动在断层的不同方位有系统性差异,在破裂传播前方(震中西南方位),周期大于1.0s时的反应谱明显高于美国NGA-West2地震动经验预测模型,在破裂传播后方(震中东北方位),周期大于1.0s时的反应谱低于经验预测模型,表明此次地震近场地震动具有显著的方向性效应.(2)破裂传播的方向性效应主要影响周期超过1.0s的长周期,而对PGA以及周期小于1.0s的短周期地震动影响较弱.在破裂传播前方,周期1.0～10.0s的加速度反应谱值被增强到整体观测平均水平的1.16～1.52倍;在破裂传播后方,周期1.0～10.0s的加速度反应谱值被减弱到整体观测平均水平的0.36～0.70倍.(3)此次地震破裂方向性效应的影响表现出明显的窄带效应,破裂方向性的影响(包括破裂传播前方的增强作用和破裂传播后方的减弱作用)在周期T=3.0s时达到最大,在该周期破裂传播前方的增强系数为1.52,破裂传播后方的减弱系数为0.36.从周期T=3.0s到10.0s,破裂方向性效应的影响随周期增大总体上呈减弱趋势,这与2016年日本熊本M_W7.0地震破裂方向性效应的影响特点显著不同. 相似文献
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Pulse-like ground motion observed during the 6 February 2023 MW7.8 Pazarcık Earthquake (Kahramanmaraş, SE Türkiye) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Fan Wu Junju Xie Zhao An Chenghao Lyu Tuncay Taymaz Tahir Serkan Irmak Xiaojun Li Zengping Wen Baofeng Zhou 《地震科学（英文版）》2023,36(4):328-339
In this study, we analyzed 100 three-component strong ground motion records observed within 200 km of the causative fault of the 6 February 2023 MW7.8 Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş) Earthquake in SE Türkiye. The wavelet method was utilized to identify and analyze the characteristics of pulse-like ground motions in the near-fault region, while considering the uncertainty of the pulse orientation during the analysis. Our investigation focused on the effects of the focal mechanism and rupture process on the spatial distribution, pulse orientation, and maximum pulse direction of the observed pulse-like ground motion. We also analyzed the amplitude and period of the observed ground pulses and the effect of long-period amplification on the ground motion response spectra. Our results indicated the following: (1) A total of 21 typical ground velocity pulses were observed during this earthquake, exhibiting complex characteristics due to the influence of the strike-slip mechanism and rupture directivity. Most ground pulses (17 out of 21) were recorded within 20 km of the fault, in a wide range of orientations, including normal and parallel to the fault direction. The waveforms exhibited unidirectional features, indicating the effects of left-lateral fault slip. Distinct pulses observed more than 20 km from the fault were mainly oriented normal to the fault. The waveforms were bidirectional with double- or multi-round trips as a result of rupture directivity. (2) The amplitudes of the observed pulses ranged from 30.5 to 220.0 cm/s, with the largest peak velocity of 220.0 cm/s observed at Station 3138. The pulse periods ranged from 2.3 to 14.5 s, with the longest pulse period of 14.5 s observed at Station 3116. The amplitude and period of the pulses observed during this earthquake were comparable to those of similar-magnitude global earthquakes. The amplitude of the pulses decreased significantly with increasing fault distance, whereas the pulse period was not significantly affected by the fault distance. (3) Compared with non-pulse records, the velocity pulse records had a pronounced amplification effect on the acceleration response spectra near the pulse period, with factors ranging from 2.1 to 5.8. The larger velocity pulses also significantly amplified the velocity response spectra, particularly over the long periods. This significant amplification effect of the pulses on the response spectra leads to empirical models underestimating the long-period earthquake ground motion. 相似文献
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2015年4月25日在尼泊尔Gorkha地区发生MW7.8地震，距离发震断层约11 km的KATNP台站完整记录了主震的加速度时程.本文根据KATNP台站记录的加速度数据分析了Gorkha地震的地震动特征.结果表明Gorkha地震在KATNP台站处产生的水平向峰值加速度为0.17 g，竖直向峰值加速度为0.19 g，该数值小于科学家们对如此大规模地震产生的地震动的预期，初步推测这可能是由加德满都山谷产生的非线性响应造成的（Dixit et al.，2015）；地震在KATNP台站处产生了地表永久位移，其中竖向永久位移为131.9 cm，水平向永久位移的绝对值为159.2 cm，方向为南偏西19°（199°），据此可简单推算出断层走向约为289°（109°）.地震产生了脉冲型地震动，影响因素有盆地效应、地震破裂的向前的方向性效应以及滑冲效应，其中盆地效应的周期约为5 s左右，方向性效应产生的速度脉冲的周期约为8 s左右.加速度反应谱显示在0.5 s和5.0 s左右各有一个峰值，前者是由地震破裂的脉冲式滑移产生的大量高频地震动造成的，后者是由于盆地效应和地震破裂的方向性效应造成的.基于阿里亚斯烈度计算的地震动持时约在36~46 s之间，小于与其规模相当的地震产生的地震动持时，并且不同方向上的地震动持时可能与地震破裂方向有关.阿里亚斯烈度随时间的变化比较简单，也反映了Gorkha地震是一次连续的、能量释放相对简单的地震事件. 相似文献
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近断层地震动具有独特的上盘效应、破裂方向性效应和速度脉冲特征。本文分组考察具有这些运动特征的地震动对短肢剪力墙高层建筑结构地震反应的影响。选择台湾集集近断层地震动记录作为地震动输入,利用ANSYS软件对一幢12层短肢剪力墙结构建立空间杆件一壳元组合有限元模型,进行弹塑性时程分析。计算结果表明,近断层地震动上盘效应和破裂方向性效应明显增大短肢剪力墙结构体系的地震反应,短肢剪力墙高层结构的最大层间位移角发生在中部第5层,为0．98％,说明该结构已经达到中等破坏状态;脉冲型地震动效应与结构周期长短密切相关,对长周期结构脉冲效应显著。 相似文献
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We have compared near-fault ground motions from TeraShake simulations of Mw7.7 earthquake scenarios on the southern San Andreas Fault with precariously balanced rock locations. The TeraShake scenarios
with different directions of rupture generate radically different ground motions to the northwest of the Los Angeles Basin,
primarily because of directivity effects, and thus provide constraints on the ground motion and rupture direction for the
latest (1690) large event on that section of the San Andreas Fault. Due to the large directional near-field ground motions
predicted by the simulations, we expect the precariously balanced rocks to be located primarily in the backward rupture direction
or near the epicenter. Preliminary results favor persistent nucleation at or slightly northwest of the San Gorgonia Pass fault
zone for large earthquakes on the southern San Andreas Fault. 相似文献
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The effect of seismic super-shear rupture on the directivity of ground motions using simulated accelerations of a vertical strike-slip fault model is the topic of this study. The discrete wave number/finite element method was adopted to calculate the ground motion in the horizontal layered half space. An analysis of peak ground acceleration （PGA） indicates that similar to the sub-shear situation, directivity also exists in the super-shear situation. However, there are some differences as tbllows： （1） The PGA of the fault-normal component decreases with super-shear velocity, and the areas that were significantly affected by directivity in the PGA field changed from a cone-shaped region in the forward direction in a sub-shear situation to a limited near-fault region in a super-shear situation. （2） The PGA of the fault-parallel and vertical component is not as sensitive as the fault-normal component to the increasing super-shear velocity. （3） The PGA of the fault-normal component is not always greater than the fault-parallel component when the rupture velocity exceeds the shear wave velocity. 相似文献
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计算机仿真模拟设定地震断层动态破裂传播和近断层强地表运动响应的结果表明， 对于特征地震而言，近断层附近的地表运动特征与断层破裂传播的方向性有着强烈的依赖关系. 当场地（观测点）至断层的距离给定时，正向于破裂传播方向的场地（场地A）的地表质点运动（位移、速度、加速度），远远大于震中附近（场地B）和反向于破裂传播方向的场地（场地C）的地表质点运动，而且沿断层垂直分量所辐射的SH波的传播起到了主导作用. 对应于场地A，B和C，统计分析结果表明，峰值加速度的几何平均值之比为2.15:1.5:1， 而且各自的均方差分别为0.12, 0.11和0.13. 如果将所得的研究结果应用于概率地震危险性分析中，对于较低的年超越频度，近断层附近的地表峰值加速度的估算值可下降15%~30%. 因此，考虑到断层破裂传播方向性对地表运动的影响，区域衰减曲线的回归分析模型应该给予恰当的修正. 相似文献
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Characteristics of amplitude and duration for near fault strong ground motion from the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A great number of free-field ground motion records are obtained during the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake. Records from 130 near fault free-field stations within 55 km to the causative fault surface are used as database, and characteristics of earthquake peak ground acceleration, velocity, displacement and duration are analyzed. According to this study, near fault ground motions are strongly affected by distance to fault, fault rupture directivity, site condition, as well as thrust of hanging wall. Compared with empirical strong ground motion attenuation relations used in China, US and Japan, the PGAs and PGVs recorded in this earthquake are not as large as what we have expected for a large earthquake as magnitude 7.6. However, the largest PGV and PGD worldwide were recorded in this event, which are 292 cm/s and 867 cm, respectively. Caused by nonlinear site effects of soil, peaks and corresponding ratios on E-class site were markedly different from those on other sites. Just as observed in historic earthquakes, fault rupture directivity effects caused significant differences between peaks of ground motion of two horizontal components, but took very slight effects on the duration of ground motion. The significant velocity pulses associated with large PGVs and PGDs, as well as large permanent displacements, which may result from the large thrust of the hanging wall, became the outstanding character of this event. Based on this study, we point out that 3D waveform modeling is needed to understand and predict near fault ground motion of large earthquakes. 相似文献
10.
《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2015,(2)
Near-field strong ground motions are useful for engineering seismology studies and seismic design, but dense observation networks of damaging earthquakes are still rare. In this study, based on the strong-motion data from the M w 6.6 Lushan earthquake, the ground motion parameters in different spatial regions are systematically analyzed, and the contributions from different effects, like the hanging-wall effect, directivity effect, and attenuation effect are separated to the extent possible. Different engineering parameters from the observed ground motions are compared with the local design response spectra and a new attenuation relation of Western China. General results indicate that the high frequency ground motion, like the peak ground acceleration, on two sides of the fault plane is sensitive to the hanging-wall effect, whereas the low frequency ground motion, like the long period spectral acceleration, in the rupture propagation direction is affected by the directivity effect. Moreover, although the M w 6.6 Lushan earthquake is not a large magnitude event, the spatial difference of ground motion is still obvious; thus, for a thrust faulting earthquake, in addition to the hanging effect, the directivity effect should also be considered. 相似文献
11.
利用日本K-NET和KiK-net强震动台网获取的距离发震断层100 km以内136个强震动台站的三分量加速度记录,研究熊本M_W7.0地震地震动的长周期特性.基于残差分析研究不同周期地震动的空间分布差异,将观测分析结果与美国NGA经验模型、汶川和芦山地震观测结果进行对比,揭示此次熊本地震近场强震动的长周期特点及其形成机理.研究结果表明:(1)虽然总体上此次地震的近场地震动水平与美国NGA-West2经验模型的预测结果接近,但周期2 s以上地震动的分布在断层不同方位有系统性差异,在断层的北东方位,周期2.0～10.0 s的反应谱高于NGA-West2经验模型的预测结果,在西南方位,谱值低于经验预测模型.(2)我们认为此次地震2.0～10.0 s的长周期地震动的空间分布差异主要受破裂方向性的影响,在破裂传播的正前方,周期T=2.0 s,3.0 s,5.0 s,7.5 s和10.0 s的加速度谱被放大到整体观测平均水平的1 4～2.0倍.从周期T=2.0 s到10.0 s,破裂向前方向的放大作用和破裂反方向的减弱作用均有所增强,此次地震观测到的速度大脉冲记录均位于断层的东北方位,这与方向性脉冲的产生机理相吻合,速度大脉冲对加速度反应谱有显著的长周期放大作用,放大倍数值可以超过4.0,放大作用的影响主要位于脉冲的特征周期T_p附近.(3)近断层记录在建筑结构敏感的周期(0.5～2.0 s)的反应谱达到芦山地震的3～6倍,虽然与芦山地震震级接近,此次地震近断层地震动破坏力大大超过了芦山M_W6.8地震,甚至超过了汶川W_W7.9地震,这种长周期特点应该引起工程抗震设计和相关研究人员的重视. 相似文献
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采用美国南加州地震委员会(SCEC)Steven Day博士提供的三维有限差分断层瞬态破裂动力学模型(3D-FDM),以1976年唐山M_S7.8地震为例,从简化的断层双侧破裂模式出发,对该地震发震断层的动态破裂过程及近断层地表运动特征进行了仿真模拟和计算.研究区域为围绕发震断层200 km×140 km×40 km(深度)的长方形块体组成,模拟计算的空间分辨率和时间分辨率分别为200 m和0.012 s,形成的空间网格节点数为1051×701×201.在DELL小型上作站上,我们实现了对源程序的移植和并行计算.同时,通过引进计算机可视化技术,对模拟数据进行了3D/4D解释分析.另外,在对源程序修改过程中,实现了对京津唐地区三维地壳速度结构的嵌入,在一定程度上增强了对地震波传播以及地面运动模拟的真实性,并讨论了地震破裂的方向性对近断层地表运动的影响.最后根据初步研究结果结合京津唐地区活动断层构造特征,对唐山M_S7.8级主震后随之而来的1976滦县M_S7.1级余震及宁河M_S6.9级余震的动态触发机制提出了新的解释.由于受主震破裂方向性作用的影响,使得主震对后续两个较大余震产生的动态应力变化的峰值在断层的走滑方向上较大,为2～3 MPa,在逆冲方向上较小,为0.1～0.2 MPa.即唐山主震的发生使得其周边的应力场有一个瞬态的应力调整,唐山主震对后续余震的发生有促发作用. 相似文献
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Development of attenuation relation for the near fault ground motion from the characteristic earthquake 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A composite source model has been used to simulate a broadband strong ground motion with an associated fault rupture process. A scenario earthquake fault model has been used to generate 1 000 earthquake events with a magni-tude of Mw8.0. The simulated results show that, for the characteristic event with a strike-slip faulting, the character istics of near fault ground motion is strongly dependent on the rupture directivity. If the distance between the sites and fault was given, the ground motion in the forward direction (Site A) is much larger than that in the backward direction (Site C) and that close to the fault (Site B). The SH waves radiated from the fault, which corresponds to the fault-normal component plays a key role in the ground motion amplification. Corresponding to the sites A, B, and C, the statistical analysis shows that the ratio of their aPG is 2.15:1.5:1 and their standard deviations are about 0.12, 0.11, and 0.13, respectively. If these results are applied in the current probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), then, for the lower annual frequency of exceedance of peak ground acceleration, the predicted aPG from the hazard curve could reduce by 30% or more compared with the current PSHA model used in the developing of seismic hazard map in the USA. Therefore, with a consideration of near fault ground motion caused by the rupture directivity, the regression model used in the development of the regional attenuation relation should be modified accordingly. 相似文献
14.
采用美国南加州地震委员会（SCEC）Steven Day博士提供的三维有限差分断层瞬态破裂动力学模型（3D-FDM）,以1976年唐山MS7.8地震为例,从简化的断层双侧破裂模式出发,对该地震发震断层的动态破裂过程及近断层地表运动特征进行了仿真模拟和计算.研究区域为围绕发震断层200 km×140 km×40 km（深度）的长方形块体组成,模拟计算的空间分辨率和时间分辨率分别为200 m和0.012 s,形成的空间网格节点数为1051×701×201.在DELL小型工作站上,我们实现了对源程序的移植和并行计算.同时,通过引进计算机可视化技术,对模拟数据进行了3D/4D解释分析.另外,在对源程序修改过程中,实现了对京津唐地区三维地壳速度结构的嵌入,在一定程度上增强了对地震波传播以及地面运动模拟的真实性,并讨论了地震破裂的方向性对近断层地表运动的影响.最后根据初步研究结果结合京津唐地区活动断层构造特征,对唐山MS7.8级主震后随之而来的1976滦县MS7.1级余震及宁河MS6.9级余震的动态触发机制提出了新的解释.由于受主震破裂方向性作用的影响,使得主震对后续两个较大余震产生的动态应力变化的峰值在断层的走滑方向上较大,为2~3 MPa,在逆冲方向上较小,为0.1~0.2 MPa.即唐山主震的发生使得其周边的应力场有一个瞬态的应力调整,唐山主震对后续余震的发生有促发作用. 相似文献
15.
近断层地震动的基本特征 总被引：43，自引：11，他引：43
本文对近断层地震动的基本特征作了详细分析,这些基本特征主要包括近断层强地震动的集中性、地表破裂、地面永久变形、破裂的方向性效应、近断层速度大脉冲和上盘效应。这些特征虽然在一次地震中不一定同时出现,但它们是已经被强震观测资料和数值模拟证实了的,在模拟和预测近断层地震动时,必须充分考虑这些特点,合理的近断层地震动模拟或预测模型和方法应当在结果中再现这些特点。 相似文献
16.
Near-field strong ground motions are useful for engineering seismology studies and seismic design, but dense observation networks of damaging earthquakes are still rare. In this study, based on the strong-motion data from the M w 6.6 Lushan earthquake, the ground motion parameters in different spatial regions are systematically analyzed, and the contributions from different effects, like the hanging-wall effect, directivity effect, and attenuation effect are separated to the extent possible. Different engineering parameters from the observed ground motions are compared with the local design response spectra and a new attenuation relation of Western China. General results indicate that the high frequency ground motion, like the peak ground acceleration, on two sides of the fault plane is sensitive to the hanging-wall effect, whereas the low frequency ground motion, like the long period spectral acceleration, in the rupture propagation direction is affected by the directivity effect. Moreover, although the M w 6.6 Lushan earthquake is not a large magnitude event, the spatial difference of ground motion is still obvious; thus, for a thrust faulting earthquake, in addition to the hanging effect, the directivity effect should also be considered. 相似文献
17.
The effect of seawater on vertical ground motions is studied via a theoretical method and then actual offshore ground motion records are analyzed using a statistical method. A theoretical analysis of the effect of seawater on incident plane P and SV waves at ocean bottom indicate that on one hand, the affected frequency range of vertical ground motions is prominent due to P wave resonance in the water layer if the impedance ratio between the seawater and the underlying medium is large, but it is greatly suppressed if the impedance ratio is small; on the other hand, for the ocean bottom interface model selected herein, vertical ground motions consisting of mostly P waves are more easily affected by seawater than those dominated by SV waves. The statistical analysis of engineering parameters of offshore ground motion records indicate that:(1) Under the infl uence of softer surface soil at the seafl oor, both horizontal and vertical spectral accelerations of offshore motions are exaggerated at long period components, which leads to the peak spectral values moving to a longer period.(2) The spectral ratios(V/H) of offshore ground motions are much smaller than onshore ground motions near the P wave resonant frequencies in the water layer; and as the period becomes larger, the effect of seawater becomes smaller, which leads to a similar V/H at intermediate periods(near 2 s). These results are consistent with the conclusions of Boore and Smith(1999), but the V/H of offshore motion may be smaller than the onshore ground motions at longer periods(more than 5 s). 相似文献
18.
《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(12)
The Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008 is the most destructive earthquake in China in the past 30 years in terms of property damage and human losses. In order to understand the earthquake process and the geo-morphological factors affecting the seismic hazard, we simulated the strong ground mo-tion caused by the earthquake, incorporating three-dimensional (3D) earth structure, finite-fault rupture, and realistic surface topography. The simulated ground motions reveal that the fault rupture and basin structure control the overall pattern of the peak ground shaking. Large peak ground velocity (PGV) is distributed in two narrow areas: one with the largest PGV values is above the hanging wall of the fault and attributed to the locations of fault asperities and rupture directivity; the other is along the north-western margin of the Sichuan Basin and caused by both the directivity of fault rupture and the ampli-fication in the thick sediment basin. Rough topography above the rupture fault causes wave scattering, resulting in significantly larger peak ground motion on the apex of topographic relief than in the valley. Topography and scattering also reduce the wave energy in the forward direction of fault rupture but increase the PGV in other parts of the basin. These results suggest the need for a localized hazard as-sessment in places of rough topography that takes the topographic effects into account. Finally, had the earthquake started at the northeast end of the fault zone and ruptured to the southwest, Chengdu would have suffered a much stronger shaking than it experienced on 12 May, 2008. 相似文献
19.
The Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008 is the most destructive earthquake in China in the past 30 years in terms of property
damage and human losses. In order to understand the earthquake process and the geo-morphological factors affecting the seismic
hazard, we simulated the strong ground motion caused by the earthquake, incorporating three-dimensional (3D) earth structure,
finite-fault rupture, and realistic surface topography. The simulated ground motions reveal that the fault rupture and basin
structure control the overall pattern of the peak ground shaking. Large peak ground velocity (PGV) is distributed in two narrow
areas: one with the largest PGV values is above the hanging wall of the fault and attributed to the locations of fault asperities
and rupture directivity; the other is along the northwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin and caused by both the directivity
of fault rupture and the amplification in the thick sediment basin. Rough topography above the rupture fault causes wave scattering,
resulting in significantly larger peak ground motion on the apex of topographic relief than in the valley. Topography and
scattering also reduce the wave energy in the forward direction of fault rupture but increase the PGV in other parts of the
basin. These results suggest the need for a localized hazard assessment in places of rough topography that takes the topographic
effects into account. Finally, had the earthquake started at the northeast end of the fault zone and ruptured to the southwest,
Chengdu would have suffered a much stronger shaking than it experienced on 12 May, 2008.
Supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant Nos. EAR 0738779 and OCE 0727919), the National Basic Research Program
of China (Grant No. 2004CB418404), and partially by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40521002) 相似文献
20.
ANALYSIS ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF DURATION AND PERIOD OF GROUND MOTION OF THE LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE BASED ON THE STATION RECORDS 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Based on 60 records from the 20 stations within 100km to the epicenter of Lushan earthquake, the predominant period, period of peak response spectrum, duration of ground motion, and source duration are investigated. By the study, we conclude that within 100km to the epicenter, the scope of predominant period is 0.013~0. 275s in EW, NS and UD direction; the scope of period of peak response spectrum for 5% damping ratio is 0.03~0.65s; the scope of 90% ground motion durations is 5. 1~35. 9s; the scope of averaging source duration is 6.41 (EW), 6.05 (NS) and 5.47s (UD). Furthermore, based on the ground motion duration calculated by 20 stations dada, the predictive curve and equation of ground motion duration is regressed and compared with the recent equation of ground motion duration by Bommer (2009). We find that the ground motion durations of most stations are larger than predictively mean value by Bommer (2009), which means that the source effect of Lushan earthquake is relatively larger. Lastly, by the contour figure of ground motion duration and source duration, we conclude that the directivity character of duration is relatively apparent in NE direction. The relatively larger source duration and ground motion duration in NE direction indicate more energy release in the main shock of Lushan earthquake, which perhaps causes the relatively less aftershocks in this direction. The duration has no hanging wall effect, which perhaps results from the blind-reverse fault structure of Lushan earthquake. 相似文献