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1.
A methodology for defining seismic scenario‐structure‐based limit state criteria for rc high‐rise wall buildings using net drift 
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下载免费PDF全文 As a result of population growth and consequent urbanization, the number of high‐rise buildings is rapidly growing worldwide resulting in increased exposure to multiple‐scenario earthquakes and associated risk. The wide range in frequency contents of possible strong ground motions can have an impact on the seismic response, vulnerability and limit states definitions of RC high‐rise wall structures. Motivated by the pressing need to derive more accurate fragility relations to be used in seismic risk assessment and mitigation of such structures, a methodology is proposed to obtain reliable, Seismic Scenario‐Structure‐Based (SSSB) definitions of limit state criteria. A 30‐story wall building, located in a multi‐seismic scenario study region, is utilized to illustrate the methodology. The building is designed following modern codes and then modeled using nonlinear fiber‐based approach. Uncertainty in ground motions is accounted for by the selection of forty real earthquake records representing two seismic scenarios. Seismic scenario‐based building local response at increasing earthquake intensities is mapped using Multi‐Record Incremental Dynamic Analyses (MRIDAs) with a new scalar intensity measure. Net Inter‐Story Drift (NISD) is selected as a global damage measure based on a parametric study involving seven buildings ranging from 20 to 50 stories. This damage measure is used to link local damage events, including shear, to global response under different seismic scenarios. While the study concludes by proposing SSSB limit state criteria for the sample building, the proposed methodology arrives at a reliable definition of limit state criteria for an inventory of RC high‐rise wall buildings under multiple earthquake scenarios. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
A. A. Panou P. M. Hatzidimitriou N. Theodoulidis K. C. Stylianidis P. Triantafyllidis S. Zacharopoulos 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2014,12(6):2821-2841
The earthquake of June 20, 1978 (M6.5) near Thessaloniki, Greece, and the abundant information on damage distribution provided researchers with an opportunity for a more detailed study of earthquake effects. The damage on buildings caused by that earthquake was recorded in several ways. In this paper two of them will be presented and discussed: First, the use of questionnaires filled in by citizens and second, the in situ inspection of the buildings by a team of expert engineers, enriched by data of retrofitting costs, where available. In the current study, the damage data derived from the questionnaires are compared against the ones given by the engineers after they have been both converted to the European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) Damage Grades. It is observed that for EMS-98 damage grades equal and larger than 2 the questionnaire method overestimates damage while for lower grades both approaches provide comparable results. 相似文献
3.
The main purpose of this study is to obtain the damage scenario for residential buildings in the occurrence of a destructive earthquake (M = 7+) in the city area of Catania, Eastern Sicily, and to illustrate the comparative performance of two alternative methods used for this purpose. The methods are representative of two different approaches to estimating the seismic vulnerability of structures, i.e., an empirical approach based on statistical score assignments (widely used in Italy and other countries) and a more recent, mechanical approach that uses displacement limit states associated with well-defined thresholds of structural damage. A special concern for seismic vulnerability in Catania is caused by the fact that earthquake design norms were enforced in its municipal area only since 1981. We emphasise some typical problems encountered in earthquake scenario work, such as the difficulty of assembling a reliable building inventory, and the uncertainties inherent in the vulnerability assessments through different probabilistic assumptions. Different criteria for the representation of damage are applied and discussed. It is shown that the main scenarios obtained by the two methods are in reasonable agreement, provided a suitable percentile level for damage is chosen in the statistical score assignment approach. 相似文献
4.
L. G. Pujades A. H. Barbat R. González-Drigo J. Avila S. Lagomarsino 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2012,10(1):331-349
Between the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century, Barcelona was expanded, occupying the terrains connecting
the old walled city and the nearby towns of the plateau of Barcelona. At that time, a large number of unreinforced masonry
buildings were constructed and nowadays many of them are still used as dwellings. Though built individually, these buildings
are connected to adjacent buildings, forming blocks composed of aggregates. In order to analyze the seismic behavior of isolated
buildings and aggregates, two typical central buildings and one typical corner building have been chosen. The two central
buildings and the corner building are referred as C1, C2, and E buildings. Two corner buildings and two central buildings have been connected in order to simulate a block side. This aggregate
is referred as AGG and it is composed by the following sequence of individual buildings: E-C1-C2-E. Original plans and drawings of existing buildings are then used to model these buildings. The modeled buildings have five
stories. Standard pushover analyses lead to evaluate their seismic performance by means of capacity spectra and fragility
curves. The analysis has been carried out in the parallel (Ux) and transversal (Uy) directions to the street. Then, a capacity
spectrum based method is used to analyze the seismic behavior of these buildings considered as individual buildings and as
an aggregate. Two earthquake scenarios are considered. The first one is a deterministic scenario which is based on a historical
earthquake occurred in 1,824, 25 km away from the city and the second one is a probabilistic scenario, which represents the
ground motion with a probability of occurrence of 10% in 50 years. The soil local effects have been also considered and both
scenarios have been used to assess the expected damage. Four non-null damage states are considered: slight (1), moderate (2),
severe (3) and extensive-to-collapse (4). For the type of soil where most of the buildings are, and in the Ux direction, the
four buildings show a similar behavior. The mean damage grade is 2.3 for the deterministic scenario and 2.7 for the probabilistic
one. This means that moderate to severe damage is expected in both cases; furthermore, in the case of the deterministic scenario
more than 10% of the buildings would suffer extensive-to-collapse damage and nearly 20% for the probabilistic scenario, confirming
the high vulnerability of such buildings. The differences in the expected damage are due to the significant different characteristics
of the response spectra of the earthquake scenarios in the range of the fundamental periods of the buildings. 相似文献
5.
The 1994 Northridge earthquake occurred underneath a densely populated metropolitan area, and was recorded by over 200 strong motion stations in the metropolitan area and vicinity. This rare coincidence made it an ideal case to study, in statistical sense, the correlation of damage to structures with the level of strong shaking, in particular with respect to (1) instrumental characteristics of shaking and (2) the reported site intensity scale. In this paper, statistics for the incidence of red-tagged building in 1 × 1 km2 blocks in San Fernando Valley and Los Angeles is presented and analyzed, as function of the observed peak ground velocity or the local intensity of shaking. The ‘observed’ peak velocity is estimated from contour maps based on the recorded strong motion. The intensity of shaking is estimated from the published intensity map and from our modification of this map to make it more consistent with observed high damage to buildings in some localized areas. Finally, empirical scaling equations are derived which predict the average density of red-tagged buildings (per km2) as a function of peak ground velocity or site intensity of shaking. These scaling equations are specific to the region studied, and apply to Wooden Frame Construction, typical of post World War II period, which is the prevailing building type in the sample studied. These can be used to predict the density of red-tagged buildings per km2 in San Fernando Valley and in Los Angeles for a scenario earthquake or for an ensemble of earthquakes during specified exposure, within the framework of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. Such predictions will be useful to government officials for emergency planning, to the insurance industry for realistic assessment of insured losses, and to structural engineers for assessment of the overall performance of this type of buildings. 相似文献
6.
Andreas J. Kappos Georgios Panagopoulos Christos Panagiotopoulos Gregorios Penelis 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2006,4(4):391-413
The methodology followed by the Aristotle University (AUTh) team for the vulnerability assessment of reinforced concrete (R/C) and unreinforced masonry (URM) structures is presented. The paper focuses on the derivation of vulnerability (fragility) curves in terms of peak ground acceleration (PGA), as well as spectral displacement (s
d), and also includes the estimation of capacity curves, for several R/C and URM building types. The vulnerability assessment methodology is based on the hybrid approach developed at AUTh, which combines statistical data with appropriately processed (utilising repair cost models) results from nonlinear dynamic or static analyses, that permit extrapolation of statistical data to PGA’s and/or spectral displacements for which no data are available. The statistical data used herein are from earthquake-damaged greek buildings. An extensive numerical study is carried out, wherein a large number of building types (representing most of the common typologies in S. Europe) are modelled and analysed. Vulnerability curves for several damage states are then derived using the aforementioned hybrid approach. These curves are subsequently used in combination with the mean spectrum of the Microzonation study of Thessaloniki as the basis for the derivation of new vulnerability curves involving spectral quantities. Pushover curves are derived for all building types, then reduced to standard capacity curves, and can easily be used together with the S
d fragility curves as an alternative for developing seismic risk scenarios. 相似文献
7.
Carlo Del Gaudio Paolo Ricci Gerardo M. Verderame Gaetano Manfredi 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2016,14(10):2643-2678
A damage scenario based on observational data collected in L’Aquila Municipality after the 6th April 2009 earthquake is compared with a predicted damage scenario derived from the application of a simplified analytical method for seismic vulnerability assessment of Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings at large scale. The observational damage scenario is derived from a database of 131 RC buildings located in the Municipality of L’Aquila, which after the 2009 earthquake were subjected to post-earthquake usability assessment procedure. The simplified analytical approach adopted is based on the Capacity Spectrum Method to evaluate seismic capacity at different Damage States (DSs) based on the displacement capacity of structural and non-structural elements. DSs and the corresponding displacement capacity are defined through the interpretation of the observational-based DSs provided by the European Macroseismic Scale EMS-98. Data predicted by the adopted methodology are in good agreement with the observed damage distribution. The observed damage scenario is also compared with predicted scenarios derived from other methodologies from literature. 相似文献
8.
On 31 October and 1 November 2002, two earthquakes took place in the Italian region of Molise. 29 deaths were reported, while
many buildings collapsed or suffered major damage. The tectonics of the earthquakes and historic seismicity of the area are
briefly described. The distribution of damage and macroseismic intensity are confronted with the current seismic zonation
of the region. In particular, the paper deals with the damage suffered by different types of structures, namely masonry and
RC buildings and historical churches. The observed damage is mainly attributed to the poor quality of the materials and execution
of construction, lack of maintenance and protective devices (e.g., steel ties), as well as to structural interventions. Reference
is made to the management of the post-earthquake emergency.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
10.
汶川地震Ⅷ度和Ⅶ度区城市房屋震害及若干典型震害讨论 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文介绍了位于Ⅷ度区的江油市和安县、Ⅶ度区的绵阳市和德阳市的房屋建筑破坏概况和典型震害,并给出砖混和底框砖混结构不同等级的破坏比例,进一步讨论了砖混结构水平裂缝、窗下墙交叉裂缝、钢筋混凝土结构强柱弱梁问题、框架结构底层破坏和填充墙作用以及西安地区长周期结构破坏问题,探讨了破坏产生原因,提出相应建议或应进一步研究的问题. 相似文献
11.
城市房屋抗震能力综合评定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
房屋震害指数是对房屋地震破坏程度的一种定量描述。根据城市房屋震害预测结果,应用房屋综合震害指数对城市房屋抗震能力评定方法进行了探讨,并以胜利油田基地地区为例(东营市西城区)进行了房屋抗震能力综合评定。 相似文献
12.
利用汶川8.0级地震特大发生后作者在极重灾区——四川省广元市青川县参加首批房屋应急评估工作期间收集的房屋震害资料,分析了砌体结构的震害特点和震害原因,对提高中小学砌体建筑抗震能力进行研究,从概念设计与计算分析两个方面对现行抗震设计规范的若干条文进行了讨论,提出了验算砌体结构抗倒塌能力的建议。 相似文献
13.
A. Rivas-Medina S. Martínez-Cuevas L. E. Quirós J. M. Gaspar-Escribano A. Staller 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2014,12(5):2075-2093
A damage scenario modelling is developed and compared with the damage distribution observed after the 2011 Lorca earthquake. The strong ground motion models considered include five modern ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) amply used worldwide. Capacity and fragility curves from the Risk-UE project are utilized to model building vulnerability and expected damage. Damage estimates resulting from different combinations of GMPE and capacity/fragility curves are compared with the actual damage scenario, establishing the combination that best explains the observed damage distribution. In addition, some recommendations are proposed, including correction factors in fragility curves in order to reproduce in a better way the observed damage in masonry and reinforce concrete buildings. The lessons learned would contribute to improve the simulation of expected damages due to future earthquakes in Lorca or other regions in Spain with similar characteristics regarding attenuation and vulnerability. 相似文献
14.
In May 2008 a shallow Mw6.3 earthquake struck South Iceland with an epicentre close to two small towns. Nearly 5000 low-rise residential buildings were affected. The recorded maximum PGA was 0.88 g. A great deal of damage occurred, but there was no loss of life. In Iceland all buildings are registered in a detailed official database and insurance against natural disasters is obligatory. As the repair costs for every affected building had to be assessed for insurance purposes this provided an unusual opportunity to review structural performance across the whole population of buildings in the affected area. The estimated repair cost was classified in a number of subcategories covering structural and non-structural damage for five different residential building typologies. Study of these buildings showed that non-structural damage dominated the overall damage. The main monetary damage was cosmetic damage of partition walls and flooring. The structural systems performed quite well and no buildings collapsed. 相似文献
15.
城市所处的地震危险性环境和城市建筑物的易损性是影响复杂网络建筑物强震环境下抗毁能力的关键因素。由于现阶段对建筑物抗震抗毁能力的评定仍存在一定困难,对建筑物震害程度测评只能通过强震之后建筑物受破坏的程度进行评估,且评估结果不够精准,因此提出基于复杂网络的建筑物抗震能力的评估方法。考虑到地震中的危险性因素,以地面峰值加速度为参数对强震环境下复杂网络建筑物抗毁性进行测评和分析,在此基础上提出对复杂网络下建筑物的防震抗毁能力进行评估的相对建筑物抗震性能指数,并结合建筑物抗震能力评估标准确定其抗震能力水平;再进行仿真实验加以测量,并结合震害经验,证实该方法的有效性。 相似文献
16.
近年来广西地震发生频率明显提高,陆续发生了3次5级以上中强地震,包括2016年苍梧5.4级地震、2019年北流5.2级地震和2019年靖西5.2级地震,这可能意味着广西地区进入了地震活跃期。2019年靖西5.2级地震造成较重的房屋建筑物破坏,是分析广西房屋震害很好的样本。本文对各烈度区内不同结构类型房屋的震害现象进行了整理和统计,分析了不同结构类型房屋的震害特征与震害原因。结果显示:简易房屋除年久失修的之外基本完好;砌体结构房屋因结构不规则,缺乏抗震构造措施等,破坏较重,且破坏形式多样;框架结构房屋主体完好但填充墙会出现破坏。 相似文献
17.
Fillitsa V. Karantoni George Bouckovalas 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1997,16(2):141-150
On March 1993 an earthquake of magnitude Ms = 5·5 shook Pyrgos, a town in Western Peloponnissos, one of the most seismic prone areas in Greece. The damage induced to modern reinforced concrete buildings was rather light in contrast to the damage induced to historic and traditional buildings of adobe, stone or brick masonry which was severe. In order to study the causes of structural damage, detailed data are collected from a rather large statistical sample of 1023 masonry buildings and 22 reinforced concrete framed buildings with visible damage. For each building the number of storeys, the material of construction, as well as the type and the degree of damage are recorded. In addition, consideration is given to the site of the building within the town and the corresponding soil conditions. For reinforced concrete buildings, damage occured mostly in areas with relatively high estimated spectral accelerations and fundamental soil periods of vibration close to those of the buildings. Nevertheless, further analysis is required to explain the selective damage of a very small number of buildings. For masonry houses, the effect of soil conditions is more systematic. Moreover, the effects of the number of storeys as well as the age and material of construction appear to be dominant. 相似文献
18.
为研究附设黏滞阻尼器的传统风格建筑混凝土梁-柱节点地震损伤演化规律，进行6个该类型构件的动力荷载试验，并分别采用位移型、能量型及位移-能量混合型损伤模型对其进行全过程评价，采用Park-Ang模型分析试件黏滞阻尼器型号、试件类型等因素对混凝土传统风格建筑梁柱节点损伤行为的影响。研究结果表明：附设黏滞阻尼器可显著提升传统风格建筑节点的承载能力、延性性能及耗能能力，结构的抗震性能得到较大幅度的提升；Park-Ang损伤模型与Banon损伤模型适用于传统风格建筑节点损伤演化规律的描述，建议对该类型节点的损伤规律表征选用该损伤模型。黏滞阻尼器型号可在一定程度上影响传统风格建筑的损伤演化发展；设计阻尼力大的试件虽然延性有所提高，但受荷过程中累积损伤也较大。 相似文献
19.
红外热成像技术在震后房屋损坏快速鉴定中的应用研究. 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文引入了目前地震现场房屋快速安全性鉴定工作的辅助手段——红外热像无损检测技术,借用图像处理手段、数学统计方法等,探讨了震后房屋破坏红外图像的表现效果,分析了红外图像与各影响因素的关系.文中以汶川地震现场建筑物的典型震害为代表,重点分析了框架结构、砖混结构、简单结构房屋的红外图像表现.本文所涉及的建筑材料主要有水泥砂浆、钢筋混凝土、红砖、黏土、楠木、石棉瓦、水泥板等:表面装饰层材质有红漆、白色抹灰、黄色涂料、白色壁纸、红色瓷砖、白色瓷砖等.材料的物理性质不同,其表现出的红外图像特征差别较大.统计相关分析结果显示:图像的表现效果在下午时段优于中午时段和上午时段;晴天拍摄图像的表现效果最佳,雨天次之,阴天最差.同时,要考虑红外热像无损检测技术检测漏水破坏的优势,充分利用雨天对建筑物破坏的影响;光照射情况与红外图像表现效果的关系为:直面照射条件优于倾斜照射和不能照射;破坏程度相关分析统计结果显示,构件的“基本完好、轻微破坏、中等破坏”这3个破坏等级,随着破坏程度的递进,图像的表现效果增强;而构件的“中等破坏、严重破坏、毁坏”这3个破坏等级,随着破坏程度的递进,图像的表现效果无显著变化;对结构类型数据统计结果显示,底框架结构图像的表现效果优于砖混结构、框架结构和简单结构;装饰层材质分类相关统计分析结果显示,图像表现效果与材质性质、颜色、表面粗糙状况等因素有关. 相似文献
20.
汶川地震中极震区砌体结构教学楼典型震害分析 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
汶川8.0级大地震造成了巨大的损失,大量学校建筑遭受严重破坏,其中大部分是砌体结构教学楼。在此次地震中,极震区北川县擂鼓镇城区内的初中、小学和幼儿园等砌体结构教学楼的破坏极其严重,结构特征和震害现象十分典型。本文详细地介绍了擂鼓镇城区内5栋砌体结构教学楼的结构构造特点和震害现象特征,同时,总结归纳了砌体结构教学楼的典型震害并分析了震害原因;讨论并分析了建筑含墙率、开间大小、高宽比等因素对建筑的抗震能力的影响;通过结构易损性分析方法对教学楼在不同烈度下的破坏状态进行了计算,并与实际震害进行了对比分析;最后,为灾后教学楼的重建工作提出了建议。 相似文献