共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 421 毫秒
1.
最小二乘逆时偏移（LSRTM）相对于常规逆时偏移（RTM）具有分辨率更高、振幅更准确、噪音更少等优势，可以对复杂的地质构造进行有效的成像.这种迭代更新反演成像方法十分依赖目标函数的梯度质量和计算效率.当地质模型中存在强反射界面或者记录中存在折射波时，基于常规互相关成像条件（CCC）的最小二乘逆时偏移梯度会包含很强的低频噪音，从而使反演的收敛速度和成像质量降低.为此，本文在最小二乘逆时偏移的梯度中引进了逆散射成像条件来压制这种低频噪音，并以此提出基于逆散射成像条件（ISC）的最小二乘逆时偏移方法.数值模拟结果表明，两者计算耗时基本一致，但逆散射成像条件能高效压制梯度中的低频噪音，从而使反演过程中收敛加速，成像质量得到显著提高. 相似文献
2.
《应用地球物理》2017,(3)
常规逆时偏移可以实现较好的构造成像,但由于照明不均等因素使得该方法不能实现对岩性储层的精确刻画。为了得到可靠的地下反射界面的反射系数,需要用反演的方式解决成像的问题。最小二乘逆时偏移(LSRTM)被称为线性反射率反演,它通过引入Hessian矩阵实现相对的高分辨率振幅保真成像。共轭梯度算法是非常高效的迭代算法,使得LSRTM方法变得实用。基于模型数据与观测数据的互相关程度判定速度模型的准确度及计算模型更新量,可以使得LSRTM摆脱地震子波的依赖,增强稳健性。从模型试算及实际资料处理中可以看出,相比常规RTM和单程波偏移方法,LSRTM的成像结果可以直接应用到后续的储层描述和四维地震中。本论文主要研究了最小二乘RTM的一阶近似,也就是线性Born近似。当遇到更复杂的地质构造时,可以通过考虑更高阶的近似来提高其应用效果。 相似文献
3.
真振幅成像是一种代表性的定量估计模型参数扰动高波数部分的地震波成像方法.经典的真振幅成像方法在高频近似和理想照明假设条件下求取显式对角Hessian逆矩阵作为偏移振幅加权算子,用以校正波传播过程中的几何扩散效应,得到模型参数扰动的带限估计.真振幅保真成像方法在利用逆时偏移（RTM）框架实现时会产生低波数噪声,影响对高波数参数估计的精度.本文给出了一种新的基于RTM框架的真振幅保真成像条件,该成像条件针对反射波数据,在高频近似下散射模式对应正问题及Bayes反问题框架下导出.与传统基于高频渐进反演的波动方程成像方法类似,利用本文提出RTM成像条件能够保证计算结果与高频近似下反演结果的一致性.同时,利用本文提出RTM真振幅成像条件能够在成像过程中自动保真的消除传统真振幅RTM算法中存在低波数噪声,模型数值实验结果验证了本文方法的正确性和有效性. 相似文献
4.
地震各向异性集中表现为速度各向异性,势必影响地震波运动学特征.传统声波逆时偏移(RTM)和最小二乘逆时偏移(LSRTM)没有考虑介质各向异性特征,导致反射波不能正确归位、同相轴出现扭曲及寻优速度慢或不收敛等,VTI介质逆时偏移(VTI-RTM)矫正了声波成像的不足,但仍存在低频干扰严重、中深部成像不佳、振幅保持差等缺陷.为此,本文首先实现了VTI介质最小二乘逆时偏移(VTI-LSRTM)方法,为了节省I/O及内存需求并提高效率,进一步引入平面波编码技术,提出了一种基于平面波加速的VTI介质最小二乘逆时偏移(VTI-PLSRTM)策略.在此基础上开展了简单模型及复杂Marmousi模型成像试验,并与标准逆时偏移剖面对比表明:本方法能够校正各向异性造成的相位畸变,且在迭代中自动压制串扰及低频噪声、补偿中深部能量,是一种兼具质量与效率的保幅成像策略;对速度误差的敏感性测试说明该方法需要相对正确的偏移速度及Thomsen参数模型. 相似文献
5.
《地球物理学报》2020,(9)
真振幅成像是一种代表性的定量估计模型参数扰动高波数部分的地震波成像方法.经典的真振幅成像方法在高频近似和理想照明假设条件下求取显式对角Hessian逆矩阵作为偏移振幅加权算子,用以校正波传播过程中的几何扩散效应,得到模型参数扰动的带限估计.真振幅保真成像方法在利用逆时偏移(RTM)框架实现时会产生低波数噪声,影响对高波数参数估计的精度.本文给出了一种新的基于RTM框架的真振幅保真成像条件,该成像条件针对反射波数据,在高频近似下散射模式对应正问题及Bayes反问题框架下导出.与传统基于高频渐进反演的波动方程成像方法类似,利用本文提出RTM成像条件能够保证计算结果与高频近似下反演结果的一致性.同时,利用本文提出RTM真振幅成像条件能够在成像过程中自动保真的消除传统真振幅RTM算法中存在低波数噪声,模型数值实验结果验证了本文方法的正确性和有效性. 相似文献
6.
最小二乘逆时偏移(Least-Square Reverse Time Migration,LSRTM)相比于常规偏移具有更高的成像分辨率、振幅保幅性及均衡性等优势,是当前研究的热点之一.然而,目前LSRTM算法大多是基于二阶常密度标量声波方程建立的,忽略了密度变化对振幅的影响,因而基于振幅匹配策略的常规LSRTM很难在变密度介质下取得保真的成像结果.一阶速度-应力方程能够很好地处理变密度介质,但简单地将一阶速度-应力方程应用到LSRTM中缺乏理论基础.为此,本文从LSRTM的正问题入手,提出了基于交错网格的一阶速度-应力方程LSRTM理论方法.首先将一阶波动方程线性化,建立了一阶方程LSRTM的目标泛函,随后推导其伴随方程,并借助伴随状态法给出了迭代更新流程,最终建立了基于一阶速度-应力方程LSRTM的理论框架.进一步,通过在相位编码LSRTM中引入随机最优化思想,极大地减小了计算量、提高了计算效率.最后,通过模型试算验证了本算法的正确性和有效性. 相似文献
7.
使用相同的炮记录,多次波偏移能提供比反射波偏移更广的地下照明和更多的地下覆盖但是同时产生很多的串声噪声.相比传统逆时偏移,最小二乘逆时偏移反演的反射波成像结果具有更高的分辨率和更均衡的振幅.我们主要利用最小二乘逆时偏移压制多次波偏移产生的串声噪声.多次波最小二乘逆时偏移通常需要一定的迭代次数以较好地消除串声噪声.若提前将一阶多次波从所有阶数的多次波中过滤出来,使用相同的迭代次数,一阶多次波的最小二乘逆时偏移能够得到具有更高信噪比的成像剖面,而且能够提供与多次波最小二乘逆时偏移相似的有效地下结构成像. 相似文献
8.
《中国科学:地球科学》2017,(10)
得益于结合最优化算法和完整的波动方程,全波形反演已成为地震勘探最前沿的研究方向,正逐渐发展成为获取地球内部信息的重要工具.但是,在初始速度模型不够精准的条件下,利用纯反射波进行波形反演来更新光滑的背景速度模型是非常困难的.本文展示了一种利用纯反射波通过交替进行最小二乘逆时偏移和波形反演的方法来成功地同时反演反射系数和背景速度的方法.其波形反演中用于更新背景速度的层析梯度是通过基于Born近似的正演模拟来分离反射波波场得到的,这样可以很好地更新光滑的背景速度模型.之后,常规全波形反演把上一步得到的光滑背景速度模型作为初始模型,利用纯反射波获得最终的高保真、高分辨率的速度模型.进一步分析揭示了高分辨率的速度模型是由于在全波形反演中应用了反褶积成像条件.相对于其他类型的地震波,反射波带有地下更深部的信息,因此,反射波波形反演能够进一步提高我们对地球内部的成像精度. 相似文献
9.
介质的黏滞性是普遍存在的.黏滞性介质中的真振幅成像需要校正由介质的黏滞性引起的振幅衰减与速度频散,然而常规的反Q偏移方法存在不稳定问题.本文在反演的框架下求解黏声介质成像问题,在有效避开不稳定的同时实现真振幅成像.首先将波动方程线性化,并依此建立黏声介质最小平方逆时偏移(LSRTM)的目标函数;然后推导波动方程伴随算子,并在此基础上借助伴随状态法推导迭代求解的具体算法;最后通过引入动态相位编码技术将计算量降至与常规逆时偏移相同的数量级.该方法在真振幅成像过程中考虑了介质黏滞性的影响,更接近实际情况,具有更好的振幅保持性.相对于常规逆时偏移,该方法能够自动压制成像噪声,具有更高的成像分辨率及精度.通过模型试算验证了方法的正确性. 相似文献
10.
介质的黏滞性是普遍存在的.黏滞性介质中的真振幅成像需要校正由介质的黏滞性引起的振幅衰减与速度频散,然而常规的反Q偏移方法存在不稳定问题.本文在反演的框架下求解黏声介质成像问题,在有效避开不稳定的同时实现真振幅成像.首先将波动方程线性化,并依此建立黏声介质最小平方逆时偏移（LSRTM）的目标函数;然后推导波动方程伴随算子,并在此基础上借助伴随状态法推导迭代求解的具体算法;最后通过引入动态相位编码技术将计算量降至与常规逆时偏移相同的数量级.该方法在真振幅成像过程中考虑了介质黏滞性的影响,更接近实际情况,具有更好的振幅保持性.相对于常规逆时偏移,该方法能够自动压制成像噪声,具有更高的成像分辨率及精度.通过模型试算验证了方法的正确性. 相似文献
11.
12.
逆时偏移方法利用双程波算子模拟波场的正向和反向传播,通常采用互相关成像条件获得偏移剖面,是一种高精度的成像方法.但是传统的互相关成像条件会在偏移结果中产生低频噪声;此外,如果偏移速度中存在剧烈速度变化还可能进一步产生偏移假象.为了提高逆时偏移的成像质量,可在成像过程中先对震源波场和检波点波场分别进行波场分离,然后选择合适的波场成分进行互相关成像.本文基于Hilbert变换,推导了可在偏移过程中进行上下行和左右行波场分离的高效波场分离公式以及相应的成像条件,结合Sigsbee 2B合成数据,给出了不同波场成分的互相关成像结果.数值算例结果表明,采用本文提出的高效波场分离算法以及合理的波场成分互相关成像条件可以获得高信噪比的成像结果. 相似文献
13.
Wave equation–based migration velocity analysis techniques aim to construct a kinematically accurate velocity model for imaging or as an initial model for full waveform inversion applications. The most popular wave equation–based migration velocity analysis method is differential semblance optimization, where the velocity model is iteratively updated by minimizing the unfocused energy in an extended image volume. However, differential semblance optimization suffers from artefacts, courtesy of the adjoint operator used in imaging, leading to poor convergence. Recent findings show that true amplitude imaging plays a significant role in enhancing the differential semblance optimization's gradient and reducing the artefacts. Here, we focus on a pseudo-inverse operator to the horizontally extended Born as a true amplitude imaging operator. For laterally inhomogeneous models, the operator required a derivative with respect to a vertical shift. Extending the image vertically to evaluate such a derivative is costly and impractical. The inverse operator can be simplified in laterally homogeneous models. We derive an extension of the approach to apply the full inverse formula and evaluate the derivative efficiently. We simplified the implementation by applying the derivative to the imaging condition and utilize the relationship between the source and receiver wavefields and the vertical shift. Specifically, we verify the effectiveness of the approach using the Marmousi model and show that the term required for the lateral inhomogeneity treatment has a relatively small impact on the results for many cases. We then apply the operator in differential semblance optimization and invert for an accurate macro-velocity model, which can serve as an initial velocity model for full waveform inversion. 相似文献
14.
Using both image and data domains to perform velocity inversion can help us resolve the long and short wavelength components of the velocity model, usually in that order. This translates to integrating migration velocity analysis into full waveform inversion. The migration velocity analysis part of the inversion often requires computing extended images, which is expensive when using conventional methods. As a result, we use pre‐stack wavefield (the double‐square‐root formulation) extrapolation, which includes the extended information (subsurface offsets) naturally, to make the process far more efficient and stable. The combination of the forward and adjoint pre‐stack wavefields provides us with update options that can be easily conditioned to improve convergence. We specifically use a modified differential semblance operator to split the extended image into a residual part for classic differential semblance operator updates and the image (Born) modelling part, which provides reflections for higher resolution information. In our implementation, we invert for the velocity and the image simultaneously through a dual objective function. Applications to synthetic examples demonstrate the features of the approach. 相似文献
15.
Full‐waveform inversion is re‐emerging as a powerful data‐fitting procedure for quantitative seismic imaging of the subsurface from wide‐azimuth seismic data. This method is suitable to build high‐resolution velocity models provided that the targeted area is sampled by both diving waves and reflected waves. However, the conventional formulation of full‐waveform inversion prevents the reconstruction of the small wavenumber components of the velocity model when the subsurface is sampled by reflected waves only. This typically occurs as the depth becomes significant with respect to the length of the receiver array. This study first aims to highlight the limits of the conventional form of full‐waveform inversion when applied to seismic reflection data, through a simple canonical example of seismic imaging and to propose a new inversion workflow that overcomes these limitations. The governing idea is to decompose the subsurface model as a background part, which we seek to update and a singular part that corresponds to some prior knowledge of the reflectivity. Forcing this scale uncoupling in the full‐waveform inversion formalism brings out the transmitted wavepaths that connect the sources and receivers to the reflectors in the sensitivity kernel of the full‐waveform inversion, which is otherwise dominated by the migration impulse responses formed by the correlation of the downgoing direct wavefields coming from the shot and receiver positions. This transmission regime makes full‐waveform inversion amenable to the update of the long‐to‐intermediate wavelengths of the background model from the wide scattering‐angle information. However, we show that this prior knowledge of the reflectivity does not prevent the use of a suitable misfit measurement based on cross‐correlation, to avoid cycle‐skipping issues as well as a suitable inversion domain as the pseudo‐depth domain that allows us to preserve the invariant property of the zero‐offset time. This latter feature is useful to avoid updating the reflectivity information at each non‐linear iteration of the full‐waveform inversion, hence considerably reducing the computational cost of the entire workflow. Prior information of the reflectivity in the full‐waveform inversion formalism, a robust misfit function that prevents cycle‐skipping issues and a suitable inversion domain that preserves the seismic invariant are the three key ingredients that should ensure well‐posedness and computational efficiency of full‐waveform inversion algorithms for seismic reflection data. 相似文献
16.
Traditional least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) often aims to improve the quality of seismic imaging, such as removing the acquisition footprint, suppressing migration artifacts and enhancing resolution. In this paper, we find that the conventional reflectivity defined in the LSRTM is related to the normal-incident reflection coefficient and the background velocity. Compared with the defined reflectivity, our inverted result is relatively “true”. With reflected data, LSRTM is mainly sensitive to impedance perturbations. According to an approximate relationship between them, we reformulate the perturbation related system into a reflection-coefficient related one. Then, we seek the inverted image through linearized iteration. Moreover, with the assumption that the density varies more gradually than the migration velocity, only the knowledge of the latter is required, although the reflected waves are produced at impedance discontinuities. We test our method using the 2D Marmousi synthetic dataset. 相似文献
17.
逆时偏移成像(RTM)常用来处理复杂速度模型,包括陡倾角及横向速度变化剧烈的模型.与常规偏移成像方法(如Kirchhoff偏移)相比,逆时偏移成像能提供更好的偏移成像结果,近些年逆时偏移成像越来越广泛地应用到勘探地震中,它逐渐成为石油地震勘探中的一种行业标准.电磁波和弹性波在动力学和运动学上存在相似性,故本文开发了基于麦克斯韦方程组的电磁波逆时偏移成像算法,并将其应用到探地雷达数据处理中.时间域有限差分(FDTD)用于模拟电磁波正向和逆向传播过程,互相关成像条件用于获得最终偏移结果.逆时偏移成像算法中,偏移成像结果受初始模型影响较大,而其中决定电磁波传播速度的介电常数的影响尤为重要.本文基于时间域全波形反演(FWI)算法反演获得了更为精确的地下介电常数模型,并将其反演结果作为逆时偏移成像的初始介电常数模型.为了验证此算法的有效性,首先构建了一个复杂地质结构模型,合成了共偏移距及共炮点探地雷达数据,分别应用常规Kirchhoff偏移算法及逆时偏移成像算法进行偏移处理,成像结果显示由逆时偏移成像算法得到的偏移结果与实际模型具有较高的一致性;此外本文在室内沙槽中进行了相关的物理模拟实验,采集了共偏移距及共炮点探地雷达数据,分别应用Kirchhoff和叠前逆时偏移成像算法进行处理,结果表明叠前逆时偏移成像在实际应用中能获得更好的成像效果. 相似文献