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三维层状场地中斜面均布荷载动力格林函数 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在作者三维层状场地精确动力刚度矩阵基础上，给出了三维层状场地内部斜面均布荷载动力格林函数。本文格林函数包含了场地的所有基本力学特性，可用于三维层状局部场地中波的散射及土-结构相互作用等问题的求解。文中对所得结果进行了精度检验，同时给出了一些数值结果，包括均匀半空间和基岩上单一土层中竖面或斜面荷载作用下的位移和应力格林函数。 相似文献
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三维层状场地的精确动力刚度矩阵及格林函数 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
本文对Wolf二维层状场地精确动力刚度矩阵进行推广,给出了三维层状场地的精确动力刚度矩阵。刚度矩阵具有对称的特点,且因刚度矩阵是精确的,计算结果不受土层单元厚度的影响,可以大大提高计算效率。文中对刚度矩阵进行了数值验证。利用三维层状场地动力刚度矩阵,计算分析了基岩上单一土层场地的动力响应。最后作为动力刚度矩阵的另一重要应用,给出了表面或埋置矩形均布荷载或集中荷载的动力格林函数计算方法。 相似文献
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基于Biot多孔介质波动模型,研究了非均匀饱和土层对平面P-SV波入射时的动力响应.考虑饱和土地基的物理力学特性沿厚度方向连续变化,利用亥姆霍兹矢量分解原理和动力刚度法,分析了平面入射P-SV波在非均匀饱和土层中的反射和透射,并给出了基岩表面和自由表面处反射系数和透射系数的计算表达式.基于理论推导结果,数值分析了平面SV波入射下非均匀饱和土自由场地的动力响应,其中假设饱和土地基的物理力学性质沿土层深度按幂律梯度变化.数值结果表明,平面SV波入射所引起的地面位移与基岩位移之比均随土层厚度和土体的非均匀程度、波的入射角和入射频率的增加而减小,且其竖向位移比的减小更为显著,厚土层对地震波的耗散作用尤为明显. 相似文献
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研究波在层状饱和场地中的传播,在理论和实际工程中均有十分重要的意义.采用Biot基本模型,利用层状饱和土的精确动力刚度矩阵,给出了层状饱和场地中分布荷载作用于与水平向有夹角的倾斜直线时的动力Green函数,解决了利用间接边界元法计算层状饱和场地中任意凹陷地形对地震波散射以及土一结构相互作用中的关键问题. 相似文献
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将列车移动荷载简化为多个移动轮轴荷载,基于列车-轨道-路基解析模型推求的列车运行时不同时刻、不同位置时作用于路基的振动荷载时程,采用多点输入方式实现列车荷载的移动施加方式,建立路(地)基-场地体系三维有限元动力分析模型,基于Abaqus软件的并行计算集群平台,对轨道交通振动荷载下路(地)基-场地体系的动力反应进行数值模拟,研究了列车荷载作用线正下方地基中的动应力特征及土单元应力状态变化,分析了列车轮轴荷载移动过程中不同深度处土单元的应力路径和主应力轴的旋转。 相似文献
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沉积风化作用下土体表现出明显的成层特性和横观各向同性(TI)特性。将更为符合实际的TI介质模型引入到局部地形对地震波的散射问题研究有着重要的理论意义和工程实用价值。本文在TI土层平面外动力刚度矩阵的基础上,推导了斜线均布荷载动力格林函数,进而以该格林函数为基本解建立间接边界元方法研究了TI层状半空间中凹陷地形对平面SH波的散射问题。文中验证了方法的正确性,并分别在频域和时域内进行了数值计算分析。研究表明,TI介质中凹陷地形对SH波的散射与各向同性介质情况存在较大差异,凹陷附近地表位移幅值依赖于SH波的入射角度、入射频率和竖向与水平剪切模量比值;另外土体竖向与水平剪切模量比值对基岩上单一土层场地动力特性有着显著影响,进而使得TI层状场地凹陷附近位移幅值与各向同性情况差异变得更为复杂。 相似文献
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本文使用唐山地区部分数字地震观测台网2013年1月~2015年12月的连续背景噪声记录, 采用波形互相关方法来监测研究区地下物性介质随时间的变化特征。 首先采用背景噪声互相关技术获取台站间的经验格林函数, 然后通过观测台站对之间参考经验格林函数和当天格林函数中直达的瑞利波走时偏移来计算台站对之间的瑞利波速时空变化。 结果显示, 在2013年1月至2015年12月期间, 大部分台站对的瑞利波速度未发生明显改变, 预示着唐山地区中上地壳的物性介质处于相对稳定阶段。 但是, 部分台站对之间的瑞利波速在2015年9月14日昌黎ML4.7地震前出现上升变化, 而震后随着时间的流逝又慢慢恢复到背景值附近波动。 目前, 虽然难以确定瑞利波速的震前上升变化跟震源区的应力积累过程有直接关系, 但这种现象值得持续关注和深入研究。 相似文献
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液化场地桩-土-桥梁结构地震相互作用振动台试验数值模拟方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
直接针对大型振动台模型试验,建立液化场地桩-土-桥梁结构地震相互作用数值模拟的二维分析模型和计算方法。根据桩基平面应变假定,将空间桩体转换成平面板桩,并考虑桩的尺寸效应;基于桩截面节点位移协调条件和平衡力系等效原理,建立四结点梁单元刚度矩阵且对Timoshenko梁杆单元刚度矩阵进行增广修正,以考虑桩的横向尺寸影响桩周土位移场分布的尺寸效应。根据有效应力原理进行土动反应分析,采用满足M asing准则的修正双曲线模型描述土动力变形的本构关系,同时考虑因孔压上升造成土体软化而对土动力性能的影响,由迭代法处理土的动力非线性。采用并联弹簧-阻尼器模拟计算域人工边界,以考虑边界波的反射作用对体系动力反应的干扰和土粘滞阻尼的影响。采用W ilson-θ逐步积分法计算体系的地震反应。通过与试验结果的对比分析,评估数值模拟的建模途径和计算方法的可靠性。 相似文献
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本文提出了一种计算不规则起伏地形中SH波散射的有效方法——局域边界元法.本方法基于传统边界元法,为计算复杂地表散射问题提供了一种更加高效的解决方案.根据地震波满足的边界积分方程中牵引力格林函数的特性,我们将自由边界分解成水平部分和起伏部分.通过公式推导,可将水平部分的位移由起伏部分的位移通过格林函数线性叠加表示,因此只需对起伏部分的位移进行直接求解,从而极大地减少了待求解的未知数个数,显著提高了计算效率.通过与半圆形山谷SH波平面波入射的解析解比较,验证了方法的正确性.数值模型比较显示,局域边界元模拟结果与传统边界元数值解完全吻合,但是大幅提高了计算效率.因此,局域边界元法可以作为模拟不规则地形中地震波散射的有效工具. 相似文献
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This study proposes a Green’s function,an essential representation of water-saturated ground under moving excitation,to simulate ground borne vibration from trains.First,general solutions to the governing equations of poroelastic medium are derived by means of integral transform.Secondly,the transmission and reflection matrix approach is used to formulate the relationship between displacement and stress of the stratified ground,which results in the matrix of the Green’s function.Then the Green’s function is combined into a train-track-ground model,and is verified by typical examples and a field test.Additional simulations show that the computed ground vibration attenuates faster in the immediate vicinity of the track than in the surrounding area.The wavelength of wheel-rail unevenness has a notable effect on computed displacement and pore pressure.The variation of vibration intensity with the depth of ground is significantly influenced by the layering of the strata soil.When the train speed is equal to the velocity of the Rayleigh wave,the Mach cone appears in the simulated wave field.The proposed Green’s function is an appropriate representation for a layered ground with shallow ground water table,and will be helpful to understand the dynamic responses of the ground to complicated moving excitation. 相似文献
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The development of analysis on train-induced ground vibration is briefly summarized. A train-track-ground integrated dynamic
model is introduced in the paper to predict the ground vibration induced by high-speed trains. Representative dynamic responses
of the train-track-ground system predicted by the model are presented. Some major results measured from two field tests on
the ground vibration induced by two high-speed trains are reported. Numerical prediction with the proposed train-track-ground
model is validated by the high-speed train running experiments. Research results show that the wheel/rail dynamic interaction
caused by track irregularities has a significant influence on the ground acceleration and little influence on the ground displacement.
The main frequencies of the ground vibration induced by high-speed trains are usually below 80 Hz. Compared with the ballasted
track, the ballastless track structure can produce much larger train-induced ground vibration at frequencies above 40 Hz.
The vertical ground vibration is much larger than the lateral and longitudinal components. 相似文献
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A semi-analytical approach for analyzing ground vibrations caused by trains moving over elevated bridges 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A semi-analytic approach is presented for the three-dimensional analysis of ground vibrations induced by trains moving over elevated bridges. The train is modeled as two sets of moving loads, with one for the front wheels and the other for the rear ones, the elevated bridge as a series of elastically supported beams, and the ground as a viscoelastic half space. Three key elements are considered in the solution: (1) the analytic solution for the vibration of an elastically supported beam under a series of moving loads, (2) the impedance of the foundation–soil system, and (3) Green's function for an elastic half space under a harmonic point load. Such an approach allows us to consider the structural dynamics of the elevated bridge, the foundation–soil interaction, and the wave propagation characteristics in the half space. From the numerical examples studied, the proposed approach was demonstrated to be accurate and efficient. The framework of analysis described herein can be generalized to solve problems with complex foundations and layered soils. 相似文献
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In order to effectively control vibration related problems, the development of a reliable vibration monitoring system and the proper assessment of attenuation characteristics of various vibrations are essential. Various ground vibrations caused by train loading, blasting, friction pile driving and hydraulic hammer compaction were measured using 3D geophones inside of the borehole as well as on the ground surface, and the propagation and attenuation characteristics of various source generated vibrations were investigated by analyzing particle motions. For the geometric modeling of various vibrations, the types of various sources and their induced waves were characterized and the geometric damping coefficients were determined. The measured attenuation data matched well with the predicted data when using the suggested geometric damping coefficient, and the estimated soil damping ratios were quite reasonable taking soil type of the site and experiencing strain level into consideration. 相似文献
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This study investigates the behavior of ground vibrations induced by trains moving on embankments using theoretical formulations, finite element analyses, and field experiments. The train-induced vibrations are large at the dominant frequencies of nV/Lc, even though the rail is very rough, where n is a positive integer, V is the train speed, and Lc is the carriage interval. For subsonic train speeds, the train-induced ground vibration is extremely small when the rail is perfectly smooth, but with a minor rail irregularity, the train-induced ground vibration can be significantly increased. However, for supersonic train speeds, the ground vibrations with or without rail irregularities are not very different, and the vibration of the first dominant frequency having the longest wavelength is the most obvious wave. 相似文献
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There is concern regarding the long-term vibration effects caused by metro trains on historic buildings. In this paper, the impact of metro train-induced vibrations on the Bell Tower in Xi’an above two spatially overlapping tunnels was studied.Metro Line 2 has been operational since 2011, and Line 6 is still under construction. To study and control the effect of micro vibrations on the Bell Tower, a metro train–track–tunnel–soil 3D dynamic FE model was developed. The vibration response generated by Line 2 was then predicted, and the influences of train speed on ground vibration were analysed. In addition, a detailed in situ measurement, which helped calibrate the numerical model and determine the dynamic behaviour of timber structures, was performed. Finally, the calibrated models and measured results were used to predict vibrations caused by road traffic and trains from two spatially overlapping metro lines. This was performed under different route schemes and train operation conditions.The results showed that installing steel spring floating slab tracks (FST) and decreasing train speeds had obvious effects on controlling the ground peak particle velocity (PPV). Simulated results from both the input impulse and output response generated by metro Line 2 matched well with actual measurements. If correct designs are employed, it is possible to resolve the vibration problem on historic buildings caused by metro trains. 相似文献
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Train-induced wave propagation in layered soils using finite/infinite element simulation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, the transmissibility of soils for vibrations induced by trains moving at different speeds is studied. The 2.5 D finite/infinite element approach adopted herein allows us to consider the load-moving effect of the train in the direction normal to the two-dimensional profile of the soils considered, and, therefore, to obtain three-dimensional responses for the soils using only plane elements. The moving train is simulated by a sequence of moving wheel loads that may vibrate with certain frequency. Two train speeds are considered, one is smaller and the other is greater than the Rayleigh wave speed of the layered soils, to represent the effects of speed in the sub-critical and super-critical ranges. In order to evaluate the effect of each parameter on the ground response induced by moving trains, parametric studies are conducted for the following parameters: the shear wave speed, damping ratio and stratum depth of the supporting soils, and the moving speed and vibration frequency of the traveling trains. Conclusions concerning the mechanism of wave propagation in layered soils are drawn from the parametric studies, which should prove useful to practicing engineers. 相似文献
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A three dimensional numerical model is presented capable of modelling the propagation and transmission of ground vibration in the vicinity of high speed railways. It is used to investigate the effect of embankment constituent material on ground borne vibration levels at various distances from the track.The model is a time domain explicit, dynamic finite element model capable of simulating non-linear excitation mechanisms. The entire model, including the wheel/rail interface is fully coupled. To account for the unbounded nature of the soil structure an absorbing boundary condition (infinite element) is placed at the truncated interfaces. To increase boundary absorption performance, the soil structure is modelled using an elongated spherical geometry.The complex geometries associated with the track components are modelled in detail thus allowing a highly realistic simulation of force transmission from vehicle to embankment. Lastly, quasi-static and dynamic excitation mechanisms of the vehicle locomotives are described using a multi-body approach which is fully coupled to the track using non-linear Hertzian contact theory.The resulting model is verified using experimental ground borne vibration data from high speed trains, gathered through field trials. It is then used to investigate the role of embankments in the transmission of vibration. It is found that soft embankments exhibit large deflections and act as a waveguide for railway vibrations which are trapped within the structure. This results in increased vibration levels both inside the embankment and in the surrounding soil. In contrast it is found that embankments formed from stiffer material reduce vibrations in the near and far fields. 相似文献
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A field measurement of ground vibration was performed on the Beijing−Shanghai high-speed railway in China. In this paper, the experimental results of vertical ground vibration accelerations induced by very high speed trains running over a non-ballasted track on embankment with speeds from 300 to 410 km/h are reported and analyzed in detail for the first time. Characteristics of ground vibration accelerations in both time and frequency domains are analyzed based on the test data. It is shown that the periodic exciting action of high-speed train bogies can be identified in time histories of vertical accelerations of the ground within the range of 50 m from the track centerline. The first dominant sensitive frequency of the ground vibration acceleration results from the wheelbase of the bogie, and the center distance of two neighboring cars plays an important role in the significant frequencies of the ground vibration acceleration. Variations of time–response peak value and frequency-weighted vertical acceleration level of ground vibration in relation with train speed as well as the distance from the track centerline are also investigated. Results show that the time-domain peak value of ground vibration acceleration exhibits an approximately linear upward tendency with the increase of train speed. With the increasing distance from the track centerline, the frequency-weighted vertical acceleration level of the ground vibration attenuates more slowly than the time-domain peak value of the ground vibration acceleration does. Severe impact of high-speed railway ground vibration on human body comfort on the ground occurs at the speed of 380–400 km/h. The results given in the paper are also valuable for validating the numerical prediction of train induced ground vibrations. 相似文献
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沪宁城际铁路高架桥段CRH动车组运行引起的地面振动现场测试与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对沪宁城际铁路CRH动车组运行引起的高架桥段地面振动竖向速度和加速度进行了现场测试,分析了地面振动特征及其传播的衰减规律。结果表明：CRH动车组运行引起的地面振动主频在70Hz以下,属于低频振动;地面振动峰值速度和加速度随着离高架桥距离的增大而减小,20m以内地面振动衰减幅度较大;地面振动峰值随列车时速的提高而增大,车厢数量对地面振动峰值和主频成分的影响不明显;CRH动车组运行引起的地面振动对一般性建筑物影响不大,列车时速为300km左右时,地面振动速度超过办公室等公共建筑的允许值,列车时速为200km左右时,地面振动速度超过居民住宅的允许值;与其他高速铁路的地面振动实测值相比,沪宁城际铁路CRH动车组运行引起的高架桥段地面振动强度相对较低。 相似文献