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1.
各向异性ATI介质剪切位错点源P波远场辐射 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
蔡晓刚 《CT理论与应用研究》2011,20(4):433-452
假设震源区为ATI介质,传播介质为全空间各向同性介质情况下,给出了剪切位错源P波远场辐射解析表达式,讨论了震源区各向异性对远场P波振幅和震源球的影响。结果表明,震源区裂隙密度,裂隙方位等参数的动态变化导致P波远场辐射花样也随之动态变化,同时也会造成非双力偶百分含量的动态变化。研究认为,在井中对中小地震的非双力偶机制进行... 相似文献
2.
孔隙介质弹性波传播理论在地球物理勘探、地震工程和岩土动力学等领域有着广泛的应用.而孔隙介质中的弹性波受孔隙度、渗透率、流体黏滞系数等参数的影响,因此研究波场的传播特征将有助于分析和提取这些信息.本文在Biot理论的基础上,针对三维层状孔隙介质模型,利用在合成理论地震图的研究中已经被证实具有稳定、高效且适用范围较广的Luco-Apsel-Chen（LAC）广义反透射方法,给出了弹性波场的一种积分形式的半解析解,可通过数值方法高效、准确地计算层状孔隙介质中的理论波场,所以该积分形式的半解析解可为三维层状孔隙介质波场传播特征的理论数值模拟研究提供一种新的途径和手段. 相似文献
3.
地震矩张量反演是获取震源过程的有效方法.岩石变形过程中的声发射与地震类似,均是弹性应变能快速释放.如假设条件得到满足,矩张量反演方法同样可用于了解声发射震源过程.声发射矩张量反演可使用P波位移进行计算.当样品尺寸远大于声发射波长,且声发射由微破裂产生,声发射源的尺度很小时,P波矩张量反演可采用远场近似.本文首先针对声发射的特点,实现根据远场P波反演声发射矩张量的算法,并通过人工声发射实验对算法的正确性和可靠性进行了检验.最后,用声发射矩张量反演方法对花岗岩单轴压缩实验的声发射源特征进行了分析.结果表明：对于纯剪切破裂模式,声发射矩张量反演可得断层面;对于非纯剪切破裂模式,如纵向挤压导致的横向张性劈裂,由于存在多解性不能得到断层面,但可通过矩张量的迹区分破裂模式. 相似文献
4.
区域地震波形对于震源研究非常重要,但限幅问题限制了区域地震台网数据的运用,并影响到震源参数测定的准确度.本文利用恢复后的芦山地震区域地震波形,研究了芦山地震的震级、点源机制解以及破裂过程.基于震中距99~300 km恢复前与恢复后地震数据获取的面波震级分别为7.01与7.06级.分别利用7个震中距150~250 km宽频带台站的恢复前和恢复后的数据反演点源机制解,与参考机制解相比,滑动角偏差自13°减小到了4°.基于7个震中距81~134 km的区域地震波形联合远场数据获得的震源破裂过程结果,其主要参数（如滑动分布、破裂速度等）与强地面运动波形联合远场数据得到的结果具有很好的一致性.研究结果表明,本文所采用的数据恢复方法具有较高的可靠性,有效提高了震源参数测定的准确度. 相似文献
5.
研究表明,远震直达体波波形(P波、SH波)是有效反演中强地震(M5.5~7)震源参数的重要资料.但是当震中距较大时,核幔边界全反射波ScS会进入SH波反演窗口,其未被传统的基于体波震源参数反演算法所考虑,从而导致反演结果偏差.本文通过TEL3与fk方法合成理论地震图,使用Jackknifing统计方法定量测试了不同情况下ScS震相对远震体波反演的影响.结果表明,当反演数据震中距位于70°~90°时,ScS震相会造成震源质心深度1km左右、机制解最大8°的系统偏差;使用震中距40°~90°的SH波进行抽样反演,机制解最大系统偏差可达5°;SH波与P波联合反演可减少ScS震相引起的震源参数结果系统偏差.因此,ScS震相对基于射线理论的远震体波震源机制解反演所造成的误差是需要给予考虑的. 相似文献
6.
井中地震是井中激发地面接收的一种新型地震采集方法,与地面地震相比,具有采集成本低,作业效率高的优点.此外,井中地震资料信噪比高、频带宽、波场丰富,可实现井周小尺度构造精细成像.在油藏开发中,井中地震可实现油藏描述与监测.鉴于上述原因,近年来,井中地震受到业内越来越多的关注.然而,井中地震震源能量弱,地层吸收衰减效应的影响强于地面地震.因此,需要发展针对性的井中地震衰减补偿偏移成像方法.本文基于Kelvin-Voigt模型推导新的振幅衰减和相位频散解耦的黏声波动方程,通过改进激发振幅成像条件,实现高效的井中三维地震黏声逆时偏移成像方法.此外,本文采用时变低通滤波器压制高波数噪声,提升黏声逆时偏移方法的稳定性.数值算例及实际资料应用表明,本文提出的井中三维黏声逆时偏移成像方法计算效率高、稳定性好,实用化潜力大. 相似文献
7.
"智能地动"(EarthX)系统是目前国际上唯一实时运行的人工智能地震监测系统.2018年12月起,"智能地动"系统在中国地震科学实验场试运行,实时处理川滇地区123个地震台站数据.该系统利用人工智能技术自动检测、拾取震相进而定位地震,在第一个台站接收到P波后数秒内快速产出地震的震源位置和震级,自发震时刻开始计算,平均定位仅用时28.9 s.此外,系统还使用全波形拟合的方法,在1～3分钟左右快速产出震源机制解和矩震级,而无须任何人工干预.EarthX系统在2020年1月1日至2020年8月4日期间,共记录地震897次,产出M3.0以上地震震源机制解81次.基本实现了3级以上地震的自动定位和震源机制解的产出,机制解的平均产出时间为震后103.8 s,弥补了当前地震监测台网不能产出地震震源机制解的空白.通过EarthX系统的推广应用,可逐步取代传统的地震监测发布手段,将台网人员从繁重的地震数据处理工作中解放出来. 相似文献
8.
均匀弹性半空间表面或内部震源产生的地震波场的解析解属于Lamb问题,采用Cagniard-deHoop方法,对与水平面呈任意夹角的表面线源,求解了其作用于弹性半空间时的拉普拉斯-傅里叶双积分变换解.以δ-脉冲函数为例,给出了任意方向作用力下波场的构成,并定量解出了P波、S波、首波和Rayleigh波等各波的位移表达式,分析了不同作用方向下各波位移的相对大小.建立数值模型并进行数值模拟,模拟结果验证了理论研究的正确性.研究成果为近地表地震波场的研究提供了理论依据. 相似文献
9.
勘探和开发非常规油气藏已经成为国际油气工业界的新热点.由于这类油藏具有低渗透率的特点,开采过程中往往需要多级压裂形成能够使烃类自由流动的裂隙.通过定位分析压裂过程中诱导的微地震震源能够帮助人们刻画裂缝属性(走向、密度等),评价压裂效果,分析断裂模式,推定震源机制等.微地震定位可以采用波动方程逆时聚焦方法实现.由于微地震数据信噪比低,加之速度模型不准确、稀疏观测等诸多因素使得定位的精度大打折扣.本文将波动方程逆时聚焦定位原理与干涉"成像"原理相结合,探讨多源微地震信号的干涉逆时定位算法,尤其扩展该算法到三维多分量地面、井中以及井地联合观测条件下.通过理论合成数据与实际射孔资料的数值试验,展示了该微地震定位算法的精度优势与抗噪特点,并指出波场聚焦微地震定位方法在实际应用中的制约因素与应对策略. 相似文献
10.
应用2×12阶高精度交错网格有限差分法,建立了震源位于自由表面时模拟瑞雷波的边界条件,通过对均匀半空间模型模拟得到的结果与解析解完全一致,证明了波场模拟的正确性.针对模拟得到的波场记录,从瑞雷波的传播速度、传播深度、能量衰减和频散特性等几个方面进行了分析,从波场模拟的角度完全证实了弹性波传播理论中的瑞雷波传播特征,加深了对瑞雷波传播过程的认识.在均匀介质模拟的基础上,对含有软弱夹层的三层介质模型进行了模拟,获得了更加接近实际情况的地震记录.为进一步开展对高模式下瑞雷波的反演研究和促进对瑞雷波勘探的应用提供了有益的帮助. 相似文献
11.
Analytical expressions for the borehole seismic signatures excited by an explosive source buried in an elastic half‐space 
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下载免费PDF全文 Andrei M. Ionov 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(Z1):161-174
Borehole guided waves that are excited by explosive sources outside of the borehole are important for interpreting borehole seismic surveys and for rock property inversion workflows. Borehole seismograms are typically modelled using numerical methods of wave propagation. In order to benchmark such numerical algorithms and partially to interpret the results of modelling, an analytical methodology is presented here to compute synthetic seismograms. The specific setup is a wavefield emanating from a monopole point source embedded within a homogeneous elastic medium that interacts with a fluid‐filled borehole and a free surface. The methodology assumes that the wavelength of the seismic signal is much larger than the borehole radius. In this paper, it is supposed that there is no poroelastic coupling between the formation and the borehole. The total wavefield solution consists of P, PP, and PS body waves; the surface Rayleigh wave; and the low‐frequency guided Stoneley wave (often referred as the tube wave) within the borehole. In its turn, the tube wave consists of the partial responses generated by the incident P‐wave and the reflected PP and PS body waves at the borehole mouth and by the Rayleigh wave, as well as the Stoneley wave eigenmode. The Mach tube wave, which is a conic tube wave, additionally appears in the Mach cone in a slow formation with the tube‐wave velocity greater than the shear one. The conditions of appearance of the Mach wave in a slow formation are formulated. It is shown that the amplitude of the Mach tube wave strongly depends on Poisson's ratio of the slow surrounding formation. The amplitude of the Mach tube wave exponentially decreases when the source depth grows for weakly compressible elastic media with Poisson's ratio close to 0.5 (i.e., saturated clays and saturated clay soils). Asymptotic expressions are also provided to compute the wavefield amplitudes for different combinations of source depth and source‐well offset. These expressions allow an approximate solution of the wavefield to be computed much faster (within several seconds) than directly computing the implicit integrals arising from the analytical formulation. 相似文献
12.
通过最速下降积分法获得了充液井孔中偏心点声源激发的井外波场的远场渐近解;利用互易性获得井外存在反射体时井内偏心接收的波场渐近解,渐近解结果与有限差分的结果吻合;分析了声源频率、偏心距离以及方位角对波场辐射与接收的影响.计算发现：声源频率是影响井外波场的主导因素,声源频率较低时,偏心点声源激发的远场波场与偏心距离无关,可以将偏心点声源视为中心声源;声源频率较高时,偏心点声源激发的远场波场与中心声源之间存在不可忽略的差异,且频率越高、偏心距离越大,差异越大.计算还发现：采用偏心声源与偏心接收时,辐射波场与接收波场的幅度都具有方位角依赖性.最后我们给出利用反射波幅度变化来消除反射体方位角180°不确定性的算例. 相似文献
13.
We propose a finite difference method, using a hexagonal grid, to compute displacements (stresses, velocities, accelerations) in the near-field of a 2-D in-plane stress-drop crack, in both whole space (constant stress-drop) and half-space (depth-dependent stress-drop). To exercise the method, the stress field distribution is evaluated for both fundamental 2-D shear cracks, anti-plane. In order to test the method's reliability, the results are compared with some analytical and numerical solutions available in the literature (Kostrov, 1964;Virieux andMadariaga, 1982). For the in-plane source, the results emphasize that the method can resolve the stress concentration due to the rupture front from the stress peak associated with the shear wave propagating in front of the crack. Synthetic motions are computed on the fault, but also in an infinite medium and at the free surface. The rather complex waveforms generated in the near-field, even by simple sources, emphasize the contribution of all wave terms (near, intermediate and far-field) to the motion. The presence of near-field and the numerical procedure explain the significant low frequency content of the computed seismograms. The set of treated problems proves the method is stable and accurate. 相似文献
14.
为了突破目前声波远探测技术存在的局限性,提出了一种新的偶极横波远探测方法,即利用井中偶极子产生的井中弯曲波存在低频截止频率的现象,在声源截止频率以下激发偶极声波.通过对比分析井中偶极声源分别在截止频率上、下激发时,井孔内外产生的辐射声场,明确了截止频率以下井中偶极声源的远场辐射特征和低频截止频率激发偶极横波的优势,结合数值模拟,进一步对其反射声场进行了分析.结果表明,该方法可以避免艾里相的巨大振幅对数据量化产生的"饱和"效应,相比传统的远探测测井方式更具优势,常规源距即可满足专门的远探测测井仪器需求. 相似文献
15.
Different seismic testing techniques rely on the propagation of acoustic waves in fluid-filled boreholes from sources placed within the borehole and in the solid media. The interpretation of the signals recorded relies on understanding how waves propagate in the borehole and its immediate vicinity. It is known that very complex wave patterns can arise, depending on the distance between the source and the receiver, and their placement and orientation relative to the axis of a circular borehole. The problem becomes more complex if the cross-section is not circular, conditions for which analytical solutions are not known. In this work, the Boundary Element Method (BEM) is used to evaluate the three-dimensional wave field elicited by monopole sources in the vicinity of a fluid-filled borehole. This model is used to assess the effects of the receiver position on the propagation of both axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric wave modes when different borehole cross-sections are used. Both frequency vs. axial-wave number responses and time-domain responses are calculated. 相似文献
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17.
In this paper we discuss two types of crust models with abnormal density, velocity of wave and certain geometrical structures.
The far-field synthetic seismograms of P and SH wave are calculated by the far-field vertical displacement formulas of P and
SH waves with the double couple point source and the formulas of reflection coefficient, radiation pattern and travelling
time difference derived from the models suggested in the paper. It is shown by the results that the effect of special crust
structures near focus on the far-field seismograms can be ignored if the densities and wave velocity of the special structure
are less than average those of the crust (model I). However the effect should be noticed if the densities and wave velosities
of the structure are large than average those of the crust (modelI). The effect of the special crust structure on the far-field seismograms has not been studied further before. Seismic records
of the Haicheng earthquake and the crust structure in Haicheng region are studied by the calculation method in the paper.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 1993. 相似文献
18.
R. Ávila-Carrera F. J. Sánchez-Sesma James H. Spurlin C. Valle-Molina A. Rodríguez-Castellanos 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2014,171(9):2209-2223
An analytic formulation to understand the scattering, diffraction and attenuation of elastic waves at the neighborhood of fluid filled wells is presented. An important, and not widely exploited, technique to carefully investigate the wave propagation in exploration wells is the logging of sonic waveforms. Fundamental decisions and production planning in petroleum reservoirs are made by interpretation of such recordings. Nowadays, geophysicists and engineers face problems related to the acquisition and interpretation under complex conditions associated with conducting open-hole measurements. A crucial problem that directly affects the response of sonic logs is the eccentricity of the measuring tool with respect to the center of the borehole. Even with the employment of centralizers, this simple variation, dramatically changes the physical conditions on the wave propagation around the well. Recent works in the numerical field reported advanced studies in modeling and simulation of acoustic wave propagation around wells, including complex heterogeneities and anisotropy. However, no analytical efforts have been made to formally understand the wireline sonic logging measurements acquired with borehole-eccentered tools. In this paper, the Graf’s addition theorem was used to describe monopole sources in terms of solutions of the wave equation. The formulation was developed from the three-dimensional discrete wave-number method in the frequency domain. The cylindrical Bessel functions of the third kind and order zero were re-derived to obtain a simplified set of equations projected into a bi-dimensional plane-space for displacements and stresses. This new and condensed analytic formulation allows the straightforward calculation of all converted modes and their visualization in the time domain via Fourier synthesis. The main aim was to obtain spectral surfaces of transfer functions and synthetic seismograms that might be useful to understand the wave motion produced by the eccentricity of the source and explain in detail the new arising borehole propagation modes. Finally, time histories and amplitude spectra for relevant examples are presented and the validation of time traces using the spectral element method is reported. 相似文献
19.
A modified reverse-time migration algorithm for offset vertical seismic profiling data is proposed. This algorithm performs depth imaging of target areas in the borehole vicinity without taking into account the overburden. Originally recorded seismograms are used; reliable results can be obtained using only the velocity profile obtained along the well. The downgoing wavefield emitted from a surface source is approximated in the target area using the transmitted P-wave, recorded by the receivers deployed in the well. This is achieved through a reverse-time extrapolation of the direct transmitted P-wave into the target area after its separation in offset vertical seismic profiling seismograms generated using a finite-difference scheme for the solution of the scalar wave equation.
The proposed approach produces 'kinematically' reliable images from reflected PP- and PS-waves and, furthermore, can be applied as a salt proximity tool for salt body flank imaging based on the transmitted PS-waves. Our experiments on synthetic data demonstrate that the modified reverse-time migration provides reliable depth images based on offset vertical seismic profiling data even if only the velocity profile obtained along the borehole is used. 相似文献
The proposed approach produces 'kinematically' reliable images from reflected PP- and PS-waves and, furthermore, can be applied as a salt proximity tool for salt body flank imaging based on the transmitted PS-waves. Our experiments on synthetic data demonstrate that the modified reverse-time migration provides reliable depth images based on offset vertical seismic profiling data even if only the velocity profile obtained along the borehole is used. 相似文献
20.
本文首先将一般剪切位错点源表示成四种基本点位错的组合,断层面倾角和滑动系数仅与组合系数有关.利用将三维动力学问题化为两维的处理方法,将每一基本点源问题化成求解位移函数的轴对称问题,最后将人工透射边界的处理方法同有限差分结合起来,提出一种简便、节省的计算理论地震图的方法.利用这种方法获得了四种基本点位错源的典型近场理论地震图,并初步讨论了近场地面运动的若干特征,表明浅源地震近场地面位移中震相不能分离,且点位错源在近场产生大小相当的水平与垂直位移.本文的方法可用于研究复杂的近场地震波传播问题. 相似文献