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1.
首次对湖北梁子湖水系污染程度不同(中营养型、中富营养型、富营养型)的4个湖泊的底栖动物群落结构和物种多样性进行了周年研究，结果表明，底栖动物种类数、物种多样性与湖泊受污染程度呈负相关系，密度与污染程度大体上呈正相关．还讨论了底栖动物环境指示种生态特性，研究表明中国长足摇蚊的密度与水体营养水平呈正相关，软体动物种类数与湖泊污染程度呈负相关．通过对软体动物、寡毛类及摇蚊类密度和生物量在不同湖泊之间的差异的分析，表明湖泊水体污染导致了底栖动物多样性明显降低． 相似文献
2.
从2010年10月开始在太湖梅梁湾围隔内实验区实施了改性当地土壤技术,在研究其对水体富营养化和蓝藻水华长效控制作用的同时,重点研究了底栖动物群落对此技术的响应.研究发现:经过11个月的处理,相比对照区,实验区内软体动物的平均密度和生物量分别增长了124%和33.8%,底栖动物Margalef和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分别增长了41.1%和18.5%.环境因子和底栖动物群落的典范对应分析发现叶绿素a、温度、溶解氧和总磷对底栖动物群落有显著影响.本研究表明通过改性当地土壤技术降低水体营养盐含量和叶绿素a含量、增加底泥表层溶解氧含量,可以在一定程度上改善底栖动物生境,提高其物种多样性. 相似文献
3.
水文报道1987年河南封丘曹岗湖底栖动物的调查结果。该湖底栖动物主要由寡毛类8种, 水生昆虫47种和腹足类2种组成, 其中克拉泊水丝蚓和刺铗粗腹摇蚊群为优势种类, 平均密度为2087个/m2, 生物量为4.8690g/m2, 并与长江中游浅水湖泊中的底栖动物作了比较, 对某些环境因素与底栖动物种类组成、数量分布的关系也作了扼要的分析。 相似文献
4.
长江中下游湖泊大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
2007年10月至2008年4月,对长江中下游地区四种不同类型(草型、天然养殖、施肥养殖以及城市湖泊)的10个湖泊的大型底栖动物群落结构和多样性进行研究,并分析其与水体营养状态之间的关系.研究结果表明,不同类型湖泊底栖动物的密度、生物量、多样性及特征种类均存在显著差异.草型湖泊具有最高的生物量和多样性,但密度最低,其特征种类为腹足纲动物.天然养殖湖泊生物量也较高,物种多样性处于中间水平,特征种类为河蚬、寡鳃齿吻沙蚕及苏氏尾鳃蚓.施肥养殖湖泊和城市湖泊底栖动物密度较高,并呈现出最低的物种多样性,特征种类主要是耐污能力较强的颤蚓类和摇蚊科幼虫.相关性分析表明湖泊营养状态指数与底栖动物密度呈显著正相关,而与生物量呈显著负相关,说明随着营养水平的增加,底栖动物群落逐渐被小个体的耐污种类所主导.Margalef丰富度指数及Pielou均匀度指数与营养状态指数亦呈显著负相关,反映目前长江中下游湖泊随营养水平增加底栖动物群落趋于简单化的演替趋势. 相似文献
5.
底栖动物作为湖泊生态修复中常用的淡水生物类群,对维持和稳定湖泊生态系统结构与功能具有重要作用,探明底栖动物群落演变特征对湖泊生态修复实践具有重要的指导意义.本研究于2007—2017年对太湖五里湖底栖动物群落结构开展了11年的长期调查,结合底栖动物历史数据以及水体、沉积物和浮游植物等相关资料的分析,探讨了五里湖底栖动物群落结构演变特征及潜在的影响因素.在综合分析底栖动物及环境因子变化特征的基础上,结合五里湖开发与修复工程的特点和发生时间,发现五里湖底栖动物群落演变过程总体可划分为自然演变、快速退化、生境修复和缓慢恢复4个阶段.在自然演变阶段,生境特征为底栖动物群落演变的直接影响因素,如水深、溶解氧和底质类型等;在快速退化阶段,人类活动干扰(如围湖造田)剧烈成为此阶段底栖动物群落演变的主要影响因素;在生境修复阶段,五里湖内开展的综合整治(包括生态清淤、污水截流、退渔还湖、动力换水、生态修复、湖岸整治和环湖林带建设等工程)等各项生态修复工程成为群落演变的主要影响因素,但在此阶段底栖动物优势种仍为耐污种;自2014年以来进入缓慢恢复期,软体动物投放成为底栖动物群落演变的一个重要影响因素,铜锈环棱螺等软体动物成为优势种.综合以上分析结果及底栖动物在生态修复中的应用实践,今后应加强对底栖动物生态修复投放过程及之后的维护管理等方面的研究. 相似文献
6.
梅梁湾是太湖北部最大湖湾,也是太湖生态环境问题最严重的区域之一,近年来对太湖治理力度不断加大,然而对其生态状况演变的认识尚不清晰。本文基于长期监测及文献资料,获得1980s以来太湖梅梁湾底栖动物及环境因子数据,分析底栖动物种类组成、优势种、丰度的时空变化,应用非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)和随机森林(RF)分析群落结构演变及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明,梅梁湾1980—2019年共记录到44属(种)底栖动物,以摇蚊幼虫和软体动物为主,总丰度年际变化显著,40年来底栖群落结构发生显著变化,优势种经历了由较敏感的软体类为主到以耐污寡毛类、摇蚊幼虫等为主的转变。综合NMDS和随机森林分析结果,梅梁湾底栖动物群落演变大致可分为4个阶段:1980s及以前,物种多样性丰富,以河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)等大型软体动物为优势种;1990s—2007年,底栖动物群落快速退化,以耐污种占优;2008—2016年,水生态略有恢复,河蚬等清洁种略有回升;2017—2019年,耐污种优势度和丰度反弹。近40年来梅梁湾底栖动物群落变化主要受底质氮磷、有机质和水体营养盐、蓝藻水华等环境因子变化的影... 相似文献
7.
太平湖水库的底栖动物 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
研究了太平湖水库底栖动物群落组成（１９９２－１９９３年）定量样品出现２６种（属），主要是寡毛类和摇蚊科幼虫，软体动物只有１种，现存量有明显的季节差异，本次调查结果与１９８５－１９８６年资料比较，种类数减少，现存量显著增加，生物量由０．５６２ｇ／ｍ＾２增加到３．９０ｇ／ｍ＾３生物多样性指数偏低，底栖动物的参数与环境因素进行了相关分析，寡毛类的密度和生物量与总氮，总磷正相关，水生昆虫的密度和生理量与水 相似文献
8.
2003年春、夏、秋季对黄河三角洲7座平原型水库进行了4次调查,发现:1)由摇蚊科幼虫和水蚯蚓构成的大型底栖动物,体内磷含量随底泥沉积磷的增加而增加(P<0．000),底柄动物对沉积磷的积累系数亦随沉积磷含量的增加而增加(p<0．000);2)4、5月份摇蚊幼虫在底栖动物体所占不同比例(20％-100％),没有显示与底柄动物体内磷含量任何关系;3)底栖动物含磷量与水层总磷无显著相关关系;4)底柄动物生物量与沉积总磷仅4月份有相关(p<0．10),其中摇蚊幼虫生物量与沉积磷量相关显著(P<0．05),总体上,水库底柄动物最高生物量随沉积磷增加而增加;5)底栖动物生物量与水层总磷无相关关系,但去掉底层鱼产量高的水库后,8月份二者有显著相关关系(p<0．03),且总体底栖动物最高生物量也随水层总磷增加而增加．认为:1)由摇蚊科幼虫和水蚯蚓构成的大型底柄动物对磷的积累以及摇蚊幼虫的生物量均与水体磷负荷有密切关系;2)摇蚊幼虫和水蚯蚓含磷量(干重)差异不明显;3)以摇蚊幼虫为主的底栖动物对磷的积累主要来自沉积磷的影响,受季节的影响相对较弱;4)底栖动物生物量主要受水层总磷的控制,也受鱼类摄食以及摇蚊幼虫个体羽化时间不一致的影响． 相似文献
9.
2001年9月对东洞庭湖保护区大型底栖动物进行调查,共记录动物4门8纲20科51种.其中,寡毛类2科18种(35.3%),软体动物8科15种(29.4%),水生昆虫7科14种(27.5%),其他动物4种(9.1%).软体动物是东洞庭湖底栖动物的最主要类群(占总丰度的71.1%).其中,腹足类的长角涵螺(Alocinma longicornis)、铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)、中华沼螺(Parafossarulus sinensis)、纹沼螺(P.striatulus)和寡毛类的苏氏尾鳃蚓(Branchiura sowerbyi)为该保护区的优势种.样点间平均物种丰富度6.3,三种多样性指数(Margalef,Simpson和Shannon)平均值分布为1.38、4.05和1.47.刮食者和直接收集者为底栖动物最重要的摄食类群(占总密度的66.7%和19.9%).结合GPS,将野外调查数据构建GIS数据库.基于GIS软件平台,运用Kringing插值法,构建动物丰度、生物多样性及污染生物指数(BI)等的空间分布格局,较为直观地反映了保护区底栖动物的分布情况及污染状况.提取出主要生物类群(软体动物、寡毛类和摇蚊幼虫)和5种优势种分布的高浓度块,显示寡毛类与其它两类的分布基本不重叠,主要分布在保护区的东南和西北的深水区域.进一步分析检验各主要分布区域的16种水体理化指标,发现水深是影响保护区底栖动物分布的关键因子,而硫酸盐则主要制约寡毛类的分布格局,硬度是影响软体动物分布的主要因子.全湖平均Hilsenhoff生物指数(BI)值8.18,指示保护区承受较高的有机污染,模拟生成的BI分布图显示,西南部的深水区域、北部及东南部的局部区域水质相对较好,而东北部的沿岸带大部分水体及南部近六门闸的部分区域水体水质相对较差. 相似文献
10.
为全面了解北运河水系的底栖动物群落结构和水环境质量,于2015年5月对北运河水系33个样点的底栖动物和水体理化性质进行了调查,分别采用综合水质标识指数法和底栖动物BI指数法对北运河水系进行水质评价,并通过Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验判断正态性,用Pearson相关分析方法对两种评价结果进行比较和分析.结果表明:北运河水系共采集到底栖动物23种,隶属于3门4纲6目11科11属,以水生昆虫和软体动物为主,整个水系底栖动物群落结构单一;底栖动物BI指数法的评价结果显示,72%的采样点水质为中污染(Ⅳ)或重污染(Ⅴ);综合水质标识指数法的评价结果显示,超过57%的采样点水质为Ⅳ类及以下;根据K-S检验,两组评价得分均符合正态分布;Pearson相关分析显示两种评价结果呈显著正相关.两种评价结果总体上呈现出相同的趋势,均显示北运河水系整体水质状况较差,干流水质状况优于支流,上游水质状况优于下游,温榆河上游、坝河下游、通惠河上游和凉水河的水质状况较差,温榆河源头和坝河上游的水质状况较好.两种评价结果在个别点位存在一定差异,具体表现为基于水体理化因子的评价结果稍优于水质生物评价结果,造成这种差异的原因是两种评价方法在时空尺度上存在差异.针对城市化水平较高、人类活动干扰较强的北运河水系,同时采用这两种评价方法有助于全面了解其复杂的水环境质量. 相似文献
11.
Xiaobo Chao Yafei Jia F. Douglas Shields Jr. Sam S.Y. Wang Charles M. Cooper 《Advances in water resources》2008
It was observed that in some closed inland lakes sediment transport was dominated by wind-induced currents, and the sediment resuspension was primarily driven by wind-induced waves. This paper presents the development and application of a three-dimensional numerical model for simulating cohesive sediment transport in water bodies where wind-induced currents and waves are important. In the model, the bottom shear stresses induced by currents and waves were calculated, and the processes of resuspension (erosion), deposition, settling, etc. were considered. This model was first verified by a simple test case consisting of the movement of a non-conservative tracer in a prismatic channel with uniform flow, and the model output agreed well with the analytical solution. Then it was applied to Deep Hollow Lake, a small oxbow lake in Mississippi. Simulated sediment concentrations were compared with available field observations, with generally good agreement. The transport and resuspension processes of cohesive sediment due to wind-induced current and wave in Deep Hollow Lake were also discussed. 相似文献
12.
长江天鹅洲故道是长江江豚首个迁地保护区,其中充足而适口的饵料鱼类资源是长江江豚种群健康发展的保障。为此,根据2017年10月—2021年4月对长江天鹅洲故道进行的7次鱼类调查数据,结合禁捕前的历史数据,对其鱼类群落结构演变进行了分析,并针对长江江豚饵料鱼的供应状况对天鹅洲故道内鱼类资源管理提出了建议。调查期间,共采集到鱼类57种,其中,蒙古鲌(Culter mongolicus)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)和鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)等大中型鱼类生物量明显增加,而?(Hemiculter leucisculus)和似鳊(Pseudobrama simoni)等小型鱼类生物量呈现下降趋势。鱼类群落优势种逐渐由太湖新银鱼(Neosalanx taihuensis)、短颌鲚(Coilia brachygnathus)和?等小型鱼类转变为鳙、蒙古鲌和拟尖头鲌(Culter oxycephaloides)等大中型鱼类,尤其是新近出现的拟尖头鲌种群发展迅速。同时,短颌鲚和?等小型鱼类的体重在减小,而鲢、鳙等大中型鱼类规格在持续提高。长江江豚以小... 相似文献
13.
Lacustrine fills, including those of oxbow lakes in river floodplains, often hold valuable sedimentary and biological proxy records of palaeo-environmental change. Precise dating of accumulated sediments at levels throughout these records is crucial for interpretation and correlation of (proxy) data existing within the fills. Typically, dates are gathered from multiple sampled levels and their results are combined in age-depth models to estimate the ages of events identified between the datings. In this paper, a method of age-depth modelling is presented that varies the vertical accumulation rate of the lake fill based on continuous sedimentary data. In between Bayesian calibrated radiocarbon dates, this produces a modified non-linear age-depth relation based on sedimentology rather than linear or spline interpolation.The method is showcased on a core of an infilled palaeomeander at the floodplain edge of the river Rhine near Rheinberg (Germany). The sequence spans from ∼4.7 to 2.9 ka cal BP and consists of 5.5 m of laminated lacustrine, organo-clastic mud, covered by ∼1 m of peaty clay. Four radiocarbon dates provide direct dating control, mapping and dating in the wider surroundings provide additional control. The laminated, organo-clastic facies of the oxbow fill contains a record of nearby fluvial-geomorphological activity, including meander reconfiguration events and passage of rare large floods, recognized as fluctuations in coarseness and amount of allochthonous clastic sediment input. Continuous along-core sampling and measurement of loss-on-ignition (LOI) provided a fast way of expressing the variation in clastic sedimentation influx from the nearby river versus autochthonous organic deposition derived from biogenic production in the lake itself. This low-cost sedimentary proxy data feeds into the age-depth modelling. The sedimentology-modelled age-depth relation (re)produces the distinct lithological boundaries in the fill as marked changes in sedimentation rate. Especially the organo-clastic muddy facies subdivides in centennial intervals of relative faster and slower accumulation. For such intervals, sedimentation rates are produced that deviate 10–20% from that in simpler stepped linear age-models. For irregularly laminated muddy intervals of the oxbow fill – from which meaningful sampling for radiocarbon dating is more difficult than from peaty or slowly accumulating organic lake sediments – supplementing spotty radiocarbon sampling with continuous sedimentary proxy data creates more realistic age-depth modelling results. 相似文献
14.
This study focuses on the assessment of relationships between flow and macrozoobenthos structure that was performed in a reconnected oxbow lake located in the S?upia River floodplain (northern Poland). The lake was created during river straightening at the beginning of 20th century by cutting off the right‐bank meander. The oxbow restoration was performed to enhance the ecological viability of this water body and restore riverine wetland. In July 2000 the oxbow was connected with the river channel through PVC pipes which enabled free water movement. Macrozoobenthos sampling, as well as chemical analyses of water and hydrological measurements, took place both before and after the oxbow reconnection. Before the oxbow reconnection, the dominant species was Asellus aquaticus, whereas after the reconnection the structure of benthic species changed significantly. During the first year it was replaced by bivalves and Chironomidae larvae and then A. aquaticus. After the reconnection, macrozoobenthos mean density was 5‐fold higher and the mean wet biomass was 77‐fold higher than before the reconnection. The number of taxa increased from 4 before the oxbow reconnection to 17 during the first year after the performed works and 20 in the next year. We stated that the revitalization process of the reconnected oxbow lake has long‐term consequences for the benthic communities. The most significant feature of the oxbow reconnection is the qualitative and quantitative recolonization by riverine macrozoobenthos species. The performed restoration significantly improved ecological status of the oxbow lake by the increase in biodiversity and water quality. 相似文献
15.
In this paper, the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport, such as precipitation depth, discharge, and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed, a trend analysis on sediment concentration, precipitation depth, and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations （CSs）, as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations （GSs） are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The rtmoff modulus （defined as the annual average discharge per unit area, L/（s·km^2）） and the sediment transport modulus （defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area, t/（yr km^2）） are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m^3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m^3. However, the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m^3 and occurs in July, which has an average discharge of 42.6 m^3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August, the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is largest in February and then decreases until June. In July, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load approaches another peak and decreases until September. Then, the median grain size of suspended load starts to increase until February of the following year. However, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Yellow River at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs is the smallest between early summer and late fall The median grain size in the Yellow River starts to increase in November and approaches the largest size in January. 相似文献
16.
Observations of trace gases (SO2, NH3, NO2 and O3) were made during the period 1981 to 1984 at 6 different locations representative of urban industrial, urban, nonurban, thermal power plant and marine environment. Diurnal variations of the trace gases were studied in an urban environment. Except in the urban industrial environment, the concentration of NH3 was found in the range of background values. Also, the average concentrations of NO2 and O3 at the different environments were in the order of background values. However, the concentrations of SO2 were substantially higher by about 7 times, in urban industrial and thermal power plant environments. The diurnal variations of SO2, NH3 and NO2 showed anitphase relationship with surface temperature at the urban environment station which is relatively free of industrial pollution. Discussion is centred on trace gas variations in different environments in India together with the values reported for various countries in the world. 相似文献
17.
Ingvar B. Fridleifsson 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,117(1-2):242-252
In an active spreading area like Iceland, where the regional geothermal gradient is in the range 50–150°C/km, it is normally not a problem to find high enough temperature with deep drilling, but the difficulties arise with finding permeable layers at depth within the strata. Various volcanological methods can be applied in the search for aquifers and geothermal reservoir rocks. The flow pattern (as deduced from deuterium studies) indicates that the thermal water flows preferentially along high porosity stratiform horizons and dyke swarms from the recharge areas in the highlands to the hot spring areas in the lowlands. The primary porosity of the volcanic strata is dependent on the chemical composition and the mode of eruption of the volcanic units. Both the reservoir rocks and the flow channels forming the geothermal plumbing system are thought to vary from the Tertiary to the Quaternary provinces due to environmental conditions at the eruptive sites. 相似文献
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3He/4He ratios up to 3.5 times the ratio of atmospheric He were found in groundwater samples. The3He enrichment can be attributed to radiogenic3He produced by in-situ beta-decay of3H. This shows that tritiogenic3He is accumulating in confined waters. From tritiogenic3He and3H concentrations, ages of groundwaters can be calculated. Detection of tritiogenic3He gives a tool to trace a tritium contamination which occurred in the past and cannot be assessed only by the3H counting method. 相似文献