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井中震电效应的模拟实验研究(Ⅱ):孔隙饱和岩石部分 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
使用小功率直流电源(32V,3A),正交于声波传播方向供电,实验考察了直流电场对4块砂岩岩心的声学性质的影响,发现了一些以往文献没有报导的实验现象,总体上,有1)随通电时间增长,电流强度下降,最后趋于“饱和”;2)岩石的声速有先降后升的趋势,相对变化一般小于2％;3)纵波幅度呈现下降趋势,相对变化幅度最大可达到80％;4)声速和声幅的变化与岩石的渗透率有正相关关系,例如D7#20由于渗透率很低,因此声速和声幅的变化很小．结合岩石电阻率增大以及对含水饱和度影响岩石声学性质的一般认识,认为实验现象与电解导致的岩石孔隙内部含水饱和度的下降有关．研究结果有助于丰富对目前电法—地震勘探实验某些现象的认识。 相似文献
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本文针对流体饱和孔隙介质的动电效应,在实验室内进行了小岩样的动电实验(流动电势实验)测量,获得了10块岩样在6种不同饱和浓度下的流动电势系数,进而分析了饱和溶液浓度、岩样渗透率和泥质含量对流动电势系数的影响,探讨了流动电势系数对上述参数的敏感性,并进一步给出了流动电势系数随这些参数的变化规律.实验结果表明:前人流动电势系数频响曲线中的凹点现象是由实验装置的共振引起,并非岩样动电效应的自身特性.实验还发现:孔隙介质的动电耦合能力与溶液浓度有关,流动电势系数随溶液浓度增大而减小,但在很高浓度溶液中,动电现象依然存在,流动电势系数趋于常数.此外,流动电势系数对地层参数(渗透率和泥质含量)的敏感性受溶液浓度影响较大,随着溶液浓度增大,敏感性降低.因此,可在低浓度饱和情况下(低于0.4mol/L),利用流动电势系数的幅度对地层渗透率进行直接评价.本文结果对动电测井的可行性及应用条件给出了实验说明. 相似文献
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探索基于孔隙介质动电效应的随钻测井新方法是当前测井勘探领域的热点研究之一.本文针对随钻测井情况下的动(声)-电转换机理,在砂岩模型井中进行了多极源(单/偶/四极源)随钻动电测井实验研究,记录了井中声波激发动电转换波场的时域波形,给出了各分波的时间-速度图,并与多极源随钻声波测井数据进行对比,结果表明:钻铤波诱导的动电转换信号在随钻动电测井全波中的相对幅度显著降低,从而可准确提取到地层声波的传播速度,实现了利用随钻动电测井方法测量地层波速的目的,验证了随钻动电测井技术可有效抑制钻铤波的思想.本文还进一步分析了钻铤波的动电耦合特性,并结合有机玻璃模型井中随钻动电测井和无井孔模型下的随钻声波测量,研究了伴随钻铤波电场信号的传播特性和衰减规律,深入探讨了随钻动电测井全波中钻铤波被削弱的原因,并给出了定量的实验数据分析,为随钻动电测井理论模拟的解释提供有效实验数据支撑. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2019,(5)
电性源短偏移距瞬变电磁法(SOTEM)具有探测深度大、分辨率高、施工方便等特点,在第二深度空间(500～2000 m)金属矿勘探中发挥了重要作用.实际测量中,当遇到具有激发极化效应的岩矿石时,SOTEM观测曲线会出现畸变和负值响应(符号反转)的现象.SOTEM激电效应的研究对金属矿勘探具有重要意义,为此,本文对SOTEM多分量激电响应特性进行分析.通过基于Cole-Cole模型的SOTEM一维正演计算,分析了不同装置参数(收发距,极化体埋深)和极化参数(极化体电阻率、极化率,频率相关系数以及时间常数)对常用的E_x、H_z和dH_z/dt电磁场的影响规律,研究结果表明水平电场分量受激电效应的影响最大,垂直磁场分量和垂直磁场分量的时间导数受到的影响要小得多,研究结果将有助于指导野外实际生产. 相似文献
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研究金属套管对低频电磁场各分量透射信号和反射信号的影响规律对采用过套管电磁感应测井技术监测生产过程中的流体移动具有重要价值.采用柱状成层各向异性介质中的并矢Green函数模拟当发射源在套管内、接收器分别在套管内和套管外时多分量电磁感应的响应,并系统分析了金属套管对透射磁场和反射磁场各主分量的影响规律.计算结果表明,无论是透射场还是反射场,由于所采用的频率较低,金属套管对每个分量信号的影响可以与地层对该分量信号的影响分开.在低频段,磁性金属套管对磁场各分量仍存在稳定的反射,但不同分量被反射的程度不同,受套管磁屏蔽作用大的分量(如ρρ分量)被反射的程度高于受套管磁屏蔽作用小的分量(如zz分量).随着频率的升高,反射磁场的强度逐渐增大并最终达到饱和,信号被全反射.磁性金属套管的存在导致透射磁场各分量出现不同程度的幅度衰减和相位延迟,受套管磁屏蔽作用大的分量的幅度衰减程度大.在固定套管参数和频率的情况下,磁性套管对透射磁场不同分量的影响程度虽然不同但是恒定,其所导致的各分量的幅度衰减和相位延迟与线圈系位置和地层电参数无关.在低频段,套管外透射场的各分量处于准静态,其幅度和相位均不随频率而改变,受套管磁屏蔽作用大的分量的幅度随套管磁导率和厚度的不同而存在明显变化.当频率超过某一临界值后,套管的影响逐渐从以静态屏蔽为主转到以趋肤效应为主,导致透射场幅度的衰减和相位的延迟,套管的厚度越大、套管的电导率和相对磁导率值越大,所对应的频率临界值越小. 相似文献
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水饱和孔隙介质中平面震电波电磁特性的定量模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
震电效应在地球物理测井和勘探领域拥有十分广阔的前景.为了研究孔隙介质中的震电效应,本文基于毛管模型中渗流场和电流场耦合理论,利用Pride震电理论对震电耦合波传播特性进行了定量模拟;对震电横波、震电快纵波、震电慢纵波的传播速度、衰减常数、电场强度、电流密度以及电荷密度进行了比较,定量分析了其随孔隙度、离子浓度、阳离子交换量的变化规律.分析结果表明:随着频率增大,三种震电耦合波波速、衰减常数以及电流密度与固相速度比值的模值增大,震电横波电场强度与固相速度比值的模值减小,震电快纵波、慢纵波电场模值增大.当频率相同时,震电快纵波波速最大、衰减常数最小,震电慢纵波波速最慢、衰减常数最大,震电横波的波速和衰减常数大小居于快、慢纵波之间;频率不变时,震电慢纵波电场强度与固相速度比值的模值最大,快纵波次之,横波最小;中低频时,震电横波电流密度与固相速度比值的模值略大于慢纵波;高频时,震电慢纵波略大于横波,快纵波一直最小.溶液浓度和阳离子交换量对三种震电波的波速和衰减常数影响很小;溶液浓度越大或阳离子交换量越小,三种震电波电场强度、电流密度与固相速度比值的模值越小,震电快纵波和慢纵波电荷密度与固相速度比值的模值也越小,但是相位几乎都不变. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
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Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
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Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
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K.-G. Malle 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(4):196-204
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters. 相似文献