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1.
2001年9月对东洞庭湖保护区大型底栖动物进行调查,共记录动物4门8纲20科51种.其中,寡毛类2科18种(35.3%),软体动物8科15种(29.4%),水生昆虫7科14种(27.5%),其他动物4种(9.1%).软体动物是东洞庭湖底栖动物的最主要类群(占总丰度的71.1%).其中,腹足类的长角涵螺(Alocinma longicornis)、铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)、中华沼螺(Parafossarulus sinensis)、纹沼螺(P.striatulus)和寡毛类的苏氏尾鳃蚓(Branchiura sowerbyi)为该保护区的优势种.样点间平均物种丰富度6.3,三种多样性指数(Margalef,Simpson和Shannon)平均值分布为1.38、4.05和1.47.刮食者和直接收集者为底栖动物最重要的摄食类群(占总密度的66.7%和19.9%).结合GPS,将野外调查数据构建GIS数据库.基于GIS软件平台,运用Kringing插值法,构建动物丰度、生物多样性及污染生物指数(BI)等的空间分布格局,较为直观地反映了保护区底栖动物的分布情况及污染状况.提取出主要生物类群(软体动物、寡毛类和摇蚊幼虫)和5种优势种分布的高浓度块,显示寡毛类与其它两类的分布基本不重叠,主要分布在保护区的东南和西北的深水区域.进一步分析检验各主要分布区域的16种水体理化指标,发现水深是影响保护区底栖动物分布的关键因子,而硫酸盐则主要制约寡毛类的分布格局,硬度是影响软体动物分布的主要因子.全湖平均Hilsenhoff生物指数(BI)值8.18,指示保护区承受较高的有机污染,模拟生成的BI分布图显示,西南部的深水区域、北部及东南部的局部区域水质相对较好,而东北部的沿岸带大部分水体及南部近六门闸的部分区域水体水质相对较差.  相似文献   

2.
湖北省三道河水库底栖动物的初步研究   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
2007年8月至2008年4月,在湖北省三道河水库6个采样点调查底栖动物,共采集到底栖动物17种,其中水生昆虫11种,均为摇蚊科;寡毛类6种,均为颤蚓科,春季优势种为前突摇蚊,夏季优势种为小摇蚊、流水长跗摇蚊和前突摇蚊,秋、冬季优势种为霍甫水丝蚓,底柄动物种类数、密度和生物量随季节变化明显,种类数夏季>冬季>秋季>春季,密度和生物量春季>冬季>秋季>夏季,周年密度和生物量分别为366.42±102.93ind/m2和0.5649±0.1779g/m2,属贫营养型水库,现存量自坝前向库尾逐步递增,Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数均在夏季最高,秋季最低,4次调查中寡毛类密度均未超过1 000ind./m2,水质属轻度污染.  相似文献   

3.
丹江口水库大型底栖动物群落结构及其水质生物学评价   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10  
2007年7月至2008年5月,按季度对丹江口水库4个区域(丹江库区、汉江库区、取水口、五青入库区)14个采样点进行大型底栖动物调查.共采集到底栖动物61种,主要由寡毛类(颤蚓科、仙女虫科)和摇蚊科组成.其中,寡毛类密度在全年中占优势地位,占底栖动物总密度的90%以上;生物量的优势种则主要为软体动物.空间分布上,底栖动物密度以汉江库区最高(大坝前:33792ind./m~2),丹江库区次之,取水口和五青入库区的密度相对较低,且五青入库区偶尔出现0密度的样品;生物量则由于丹江库区和取水口经常有软体动物出现而导致该区域内生物量相对较高.季节变化上,密度分布为夏季春季秋季冬季;生物量也呈现出类似的分布,但秋季和冬季差别较小.采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Goodnight-Whitley生物指数、Wright生物指数及Carlander生物量法对丹江口水库水质进行评价,比较而言,Goodnight-Whitley指数不适宜用于丹江口水库的水质评价;而综合利用其它三种方法进行评价的结果表明:取水口为轻污染状态,丹江库区为轻-中污染,汉江库区为中-重污染;五青入库区由于水深太浅,底栖动物生境易受外界影响导致群落波动较大,因此不宜采用底栖动物作为评价指标.  相似文献   

4.
太平湖水库的底栖动物   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5  
刘保元  梁小民 《湖泊科学》1997,9(3):238-243
研究了太平湖水库底栖动物群落组成(1992-1993年)定量样品出现26种(属),主要是寡毛类和摇蚊科幼虫,软体动物只有1种,现存量有明显的季节差异,本次调查结果与1985-1986年资料比较,种类数减少,现存量显著增加,生物量由0.562g/m^2增加到3.90g/m^3生物多样性指数偏低,底栖动物的参数与环境因素进行了相关分析,寡毛类的密度和生物量与总氮,总磷正相关,水生昆虫的密度和生理量与水  相似文献   

5.
保安湖底栖动物资源及季节动态的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
吴天惠 《湖泊科学》1989,1(1):71-78
1986至1987年对湖北省保安湖的底栖动物进行了调查.采到底栖动物计61种,其中寡毛类14种,水生昆虫25种,软体动物17种,其它动物5种。苏氏尾鳃蚓、霍甫水丝蚓、多足摇蚊、羽摇蚊、幽蚊、白旋螺、长角涵螺和铜锈环棱螺为湖中优势种.全湖底栖动物的平均密度为460个/m~2,生物量为55.415g/m~2.密度以冬季最高,生物量则以秋季最大.不同湖区中底栖动物的现存量有一定差别:密度依次为肖四海>桥墩湖>保安口>大湖>扁担塘;生物量为扁担塘>肖四海>保安口>大湖>桥墩湖.本文还将保安湖与其它浅水湖泊的底栖动物进行了比较,并提出该湖底栖动物的渔业利用的初步意见。  相似文献   

6.
浙江千岛湖深水区大型底栖动物时空变化格局   总被引:12,自引:4,他引:8  
2007-2008年对浙江千岛湖深水区底栖动物群落进行了研究.共调查到8种底栖动物,其中寡毛类7种,线形动物门1种.群落类型不存在季节差异,优势种为霍甫水丝蚓和正颤蚓.群落年均密度和生物量分别为594.6ind./m~2和0.54g/m~2.双因素方差分析表明,密度和生物量无季节变化,但存在显著的空间差异,两者均是上游中游下游.密度和生物量与水深、透明度显著负相关,前者与水柱混合水样的TN和TP、与底部局部水样的TP显著正相关,后者与水柱混合水样的TP显著正相关.逐步回归分析表明,水深是密度和生物量的唯一最优解释因子,随水深增加密度和生物量均呈指数式下降.  相似文献   

7.
珠江三角洲是我国主要的水产养殖区域之一.为了解珠江三角洲鱼类养殖池塘底栖动物群落结构,进而评价养殖水体水质状况,于2016年7-8月对6种养殖模式30口池塘底栖动物及其环境因子进行调查.结果表明:1)共采集底栖动物18种,隶属于3门14属,其中寡毛类和水生昆虫均为7种,软体动物为4种.优势种为克拉泊水丝蚓(Limnodrilus claparedeianus)、水丝蚓属一种(Limnodrilus sp.)和摇蚊属一种(Chironomus sp.)等耐污种类.2)6种养殖模式池塘底栖动物平均种类数无显著差异,但其密度和生物量却存在显著差异,杂交鳢Y(杂交鳢幼鱼)和杂交鳢C(杂交鳢成鱼)养殖池塘均显著高于其他4种养殖模式池塘.3)皮尔逊相关分析结果表明,影响珠江三角洲池塘底栖动物密度和生物量的主要因素是总氮(TN)和总磷(TP).两个主要分类群中,寡毛类密度和生物量仅与TN浓度呈显著正相关,而摇蚊幼虫却与TN和TP浓度均呈显著正相关.4)采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef多样性指数和Biotic Index生物指数对6种养殖模式30口池塘水质进行评价,结果表明Shannon-Wiener多样性指数不宜应用于珠江三角洲池塘的水质评价,Margalef多样性指数和Biotic Index生物指数的评价结果均表明杂交鳢Y、杂交鳢C以及草鱼池塘全部处于重度污染,而大口黑鲈S(投喂饲料)、大口黑鲈S+B(投喂饲料+冰鲜鱼类)和罗非鱼池塘大部分处于重度污染,少数处于中度污染.  相似文献   

8.
19882016年洞庭湖大型底栖动物群落变化及驱动因素分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
洞庭湖是我国第二大淡水湖泊,其水文条件对湖泊湿地生态系统健康的维系发挥着不可替代的作用.近年来,水环境恶化日益威胁湖区水生态系统健康.然而,有关底栖动物水生态健康评价的研究仍然停留在物种群落结构方面,缺乏底栖动物群落功能对水污染响应的研究,尤其在较长时间尺度上.因而,本研究分析了19882016年近30 a来洞庭湖的水质和底栖动物群落数据,探寻底栖动物群落功能对水环境恶化的响应规律.结果表明,洞庭湖水体总氮浓度是威胁底栖动物物种和功能群落变动的主要因素.此外,不断恶化的水环境驱动底栖动物物种和功能群落结构改变,表现为敏感水生昆虫的比例下降,寡毛类、小型软体动物比例的上升,并伴随着体长为1.00~1.99 cm、背扁型、侧扁型、不移动等功能性状类别比例的下降.同时,水环境恶化降低物种丰富度、功能丰富度和劳氏二次熵多样性.基于距离的冗余分析结果显示,水体氮营养盐、重金属离子和有机污染物共同驱动底栖动物物种群落结构的变异,而营养盐类与无/有机污染物决定着其功能群落结构的变异.鉴于洞庭湖水质不断恶化的状况,本研究建议采取一系列措施,包括合理管控湖区周边废水直排入湖、取缔湖区内的非法采砂以及调控枯水季洞庭湖水位等.生物监测和评价方面,建议将底栖动物物种和功能群落一并纳入评价体系,且优先选用物种丰富度、功能丰富度和劳氏二次熵指数评估换水周期较短的大型浅水湖泊水质变化对底栖动物物种和功能多样性的影响.  相似文献   

9.
湖北浮桥河水库底栖动物的群落结构及生物多样性   总被引:6,自引:3,他引:6  
1997年 4月至 1998年 1月 ,在浮桥河水库 14个采样点调查底栖动物 ,共获 4 7种 .其优势种类为霍甫水丝蚓 (Limnodrilushoffmeisteri)、中国长足摇蚊 (Tanypuschinensis)、前突摇蚊属 (Procladiussp .)和摇蚊属 (Chironomussp .) .水库底栖动物的Shannon指数和Margalef指数偏低 ,上游的指数值最高 .从种类相似性来看 ,底栖动物的季节变化不明显 ;在水平分布上 ,上游与库汊的种类相似性最低 ,库汊与下游的种类相似性最高 .浮桥河水库底栖动物的平均密度为5 2 9.1ind/m2 ,平均生物量为 35 34.1mg/m2 ,均以水生昆虫占优 ,其时空变化主要受水生昆虫控制 .能量估算法估算出浮桥河水库底栖动物的渔产潜力为 1.5× 10 4 kg/a .  相似文献   

10.
向启华 《湖泊科学》1991,3(1):35-45
水文报道1987年河南封丘曹岗湖底栖动物的调查结果。该湖底栖动物主要由寡毛类8种, 水生昆虫47种和腹足类2种组成, 其中克拉泊水丝蚓和刺铗粗腹摇蚊群为优势种类, 平均密度为2087个/m2, 生物量为4.8690g/m2, 并与长江中游浅水湖泊中的底栖动物作了比较, 对某些环境因素与底栖动物种类组成、数量分布的关系也作了扼要的分析。  相似文献   

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正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research.  相似文献   

16.
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and  相似文献   

17.
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape.  相似文献   

18.
Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference (DD) algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock (MsS.7) and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region.  相似文献   

20.
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters.  相似文献   

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