共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 890 毫秒
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人们关注地球深部水对地球介质的力学和物理性质影响，以往实验研究大都用气体设备在几百ＭＰａ的低压力下进行的。为实现深部高压条件，本文用固体传压技术在１０００－１３００℃，１．０－２．０ＧＰａ温压条件进行橄榄石晶体内水溶解度实验研究。 相似文献
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介绍“3 GPa固体传压三轴流变仪”的结构、性能及其实验方法与用途,阐述在此设备上进行的关于深部(上地幔高温高压条件下)岩石流变特性的实验以及岩石蠕变.应力松驰现象的研究. 相似文献
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高压下岩石弹性波速度几种测量方法的比较实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在高压高温条件下测量岩石弹性波速是获得岩石在地球内部的各种力学和热力学数据的主要途径, 也是研究地球内部物质结构和组成的重要手段. 近年来, 用固体作为传压介质的高压高温岩石弹性波速测量方法发展较快, 然而目前各个实验室在高温高压条件下所测量出的岩石弹性波数据, 还没有进行过严格的对比. 为了对比各实验室的实验测量结果, 对3种测量方法进行了比较实验研究, 并与流体传压介质透射法的测量结果进行了对比. 实验表明, 3种测量方法在其适用压力范围内的测量结果都能相互对比. 其中Kern所使用的六面体样品脉冲透射法适用于压力温度较低的地壳类岩石样品的测量. 柱状样品脉冲反射-透射法在适用压力范围、加热温度和测量精度方面均有一定优势. 柱状样品脉冲透射法虽然在压力较低时测量精度较低, 但样品长度大, 组装简便, 适用于样品量大, 要求压力较高的实验. 因此在实际应用中, 后两种方法可进行相互校正和相互补充. 相似文献
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活塞-圆桶式固体介质高温高压实验容器的压力标定方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
固体介质压力标定一般分为2方面。其一是轴压标定,最有效的方法是轴压活塞反复前进和后退,根据活塞循环来获得摩擦力的大小,其中有2个关键环节:1)活塞和样品接触点的确定;2)动摩擦力的确定。其二是围压标定,最有效的方法是利用矿物相变,适用于固体压机压力标定的相变有:石英-柯石英相变、钠长石-硬玉+石英相变,其适合温压范围分别为:500~1200℃、2.5~3.2GPa,600~1200℃、1.6~3.2GPa。我们对2GPa固体介质高温高压实验设备进行了轴压标定,在不同温度、围压、活塞速率等条件下进行了实验,结果表明:围压、温度、活塞运动速率等因素都对动摩擦力有不同程度的影响。因此,轴压标定应该针对不同的实验条件分别进行 相似文献
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本文阐述了独联体乌克兰地盾中部克里沃罗日铁矿盆地上超深井岩心标本的温压实验，（１）研究岩石弹性纵波速度（Ｖｐ）和横波速率（Ｖｓ）及其各向异性系数，杨氏模量（Ｅ）剪切模量（Ｇ），压缩率（β）泊松系数（σ）与流体静压力，正常温压和高温高压的关系。（２）研究了岩石导热率（λ）和导温率（α）和热容量（ｃ）与温压的关系；（３）随着压力的增大，岩石弹性波速度及其各向异性分别是增大和减小的，在不同方向上弹性汉事 相似文献
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不同温压条件下居庸关花岗岩脆塑性转化与失稳型式的实验研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
为研究花岗岩的脆塑性转化和失稳型式，在固体围压介质三轴实验系统上进行了3组高温高压实验，结果表明，温度小于300℃时花岗岩为脆性破裂，大于800℃时为塑性变形，在300-600℃，花岗岩为半脆性破裂和碎裂流动，在600-800℃，花岗岩为半脆性流动，花岗岩的渐进破坏发生在低压区域；突发失稳发生在室温高压（≥300MPa)和高温高压（550℃600MPa-650℃700MPa)两个区域；在突发失稳与渐进破坏区域之间存在大范围的准突发失稳区，在实验温压范围内，影响花岗岩脆塑性转化的首要因素是温度，其次是围压；而花岗岩的失稳型式同时取决于围压和温度。 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献