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《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(9)
<正>当地时间2015年4月25日14点11分(UTC2015-04-25 06:11:26),喜马拉雅南侧尼泊尔境内发生了Mw7.9级地震,美国地质调查局提供的震中位置为(28.147°N,84.708°E),震源深度为15.0 km.这次地震以及伴随的次生灾害滑坡、雪崩等对包括首都加德满都在内的尼泊尔以及中国西藏的喜马拉雅北部地区造成严重破坏,带来了重大的人员伤亡和财产损失.这次地震发生在印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞汇聚带之喜马拉雅弧型活动构造区.该地区印度板块以~40 mm/a的速率北向俯冲于欧亚大陆板块之下,喜马拉雅和印度板块汇聚率达~18 mm/a(Bilham等, 相似文献
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2015年4月25日,尼泊尔地区发生MW7.9地震,震中位于28.1°N,84.7°E.为了详细地研究此次破坏性极强的地震的破裂过程,本文利用多台阵压缩传感方法,使用了阿拉斯加、欧洲和澳大利亚三个台网的共计179个台站的远场P波垂直分量的数据来反演,结果表明本次地震的破裂过程是一个清晰的南东东方向的单侧破裂,破裂尺度约为105km,整体持续时间约为58s.在破裂初始的前15s,能量辐射基本围绕在震源附近,16s后破裂开始向南东东方向以1.9km·s-1的速度破裂.释放能量最大的时间为第38s,位于距震中70km处.该位置从第29秒开始破裂,并持续释放能量长达30s之久. 相似文献
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2015年4月25日尼泊尔爆发MW7.9地震,继而引发5月12日MW7.3级余震,GPS、InSAR监测到震源区及周边大范围同震形变.本文以国内外的GPS和InSAR同震形变为约束,考虑喜马拉雅断裂带岩石圈垂向分层和横向差异的影响,反演主喜马拉雅逆冲断裂在这次主震和余震中破裂面形状和滑动分布.结果显示,主震从USGS确定的震中位置向东偏南延伸100km以上,破裂地面迹线与主前缘逆冲断裂迹线基本一致.破裂面倾角约7°~11°,大部分破裂集中在深度8~20km,同余震分布深度一致.主震最大滑动量约6.0~6.6m,位于14km深处.余震破裂集中在震中附近30km范围内,填补了主震东部破裂空区,最大滑动约3.6~4.6 m,位于13km深.深度20km以下基本没有破裂.地壳介质不均匀性对破裂滑动分布的影响较大,介质不均匀模型的观测值不符值比各向同性弹性半空间模型降低10%以上.本文地震破裂模型特征与地震反射剖面、以及根据震间期大地测量数据反演的喜马拉雅深部蠕滑剖面极其相似.跨喜马拉雅断裂剖面的震间形变量与地震破裂滑移量直接相关.以此推算,尼泊尔中部大震原地复发周期在300年以上. 相似文献
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本文介绍了2015年4月25日尼泊尔Mw7.9(MS8.1)地震发生后的破裂过程快速反演工作,以及后续开展的地震波与少量GPS资料的初步联合反演工作.两项工作得到的反演结果尽管在最大滑动量估计方面存在一些差别,但都一致地显示此次地震是发生在低倾角俯冲断裂上的一次单侧破裂事件,破裂主要朝东南方向传播;断层滑动主要发生在震中至加德满都一带.在加德满都附近区域,其下方破裂与朝东南传播的地震波的多普勒聚焦效应可能造成较强的震感和较大的破坏.对比历史大地震发现,2015年尼泊尔Mw7.9地震的浅部破裂紧邻1934年Mw8.2地震的地表破裂,余震分布与1833年M7.6地震的宏观震中基本重合,其破裂填补了前两次地震破裂以西100km左右的空区,表明此次地震是1934年Mw8.2地震与1833年M7.6地震向西继续延伸的结果. 相似文献
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2008年1月9日在我国西藏改则发生了一次MW6.4地震,随后有40次3.5级以上余震发生,其中最大的一次为1月16日的MW5.9余震.本文处理了ENVISAT ASAR两轨(升轨和降轨)同震资料,精确确定了同震地表位移的空间分布;随后利用弹性半空间的位错模拟确定了上述事件的断层面参数;最后,基于非均匀滑动模型反演确定了两次地震断面上的滑动分布.结果表明,MW6.4主震断层为走向218°、倾角52°的西倾断层,最大滑动量约1.9 m,出现在地表以下约7.6 km处;而MW5.9余震发生在主震断层西3.2 km的地方,发震断层为走向200°、倾角59°的西倾断层,最大滑动量约1.0 m,出现在地表以下约3.9 km处. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
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Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(12)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献