共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
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地震应急灾情信息分类探讨 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
收集并整理了多次地震后的灾情信息,结合各类灾情信息的特征和地震应急指挥决策的要求,重点关注地震前灾区的基础信息和震后的地震现场信息,以服务和服从地震应急指挥和抗震救灾为重要目标,将地震应急灾情信息分为震情信息、震区背景信息、灾情信息和应急响应与救援四大类.信息分类结果便于灾情的快速分析与处理,对提高应急决策、救援效率以及应急处置能力具有重要意义. 相似文献
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根据雅安芦山7.0级强烈地震灾情上报的实际情况,总结了灾情采集PDA及灾情汇集处理接收系统在地震应急期间发挥的作用,由于灾情采集PDA通信方式是通过电信的CDMA数据业务网络上报的,在四川局部地区如甘孜藏族自治州、凉山彝族自治州等地网络业务覆盖率相对较低的情况下,当一个破坏性地震发生以后,造成数据通信的困难,尤其是在大震后地震灾区部分通信遭到破坏时,使得灾情采集PDA采集的灾情信息很难正常上报。若能够将灾情采集PDA通信方式升级为基于卫星与地面通信相结合的方式,就能弥补大震后地面通信遭到破坏影响后PDA上报的不足。 相似文献
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通过分析地震应急救援工作中对灾情信息的需求,提出了“地震应急灾情”的概念,设计了基于12322平台的江苏省地震应急灾情速报系统。本文详细介绍了该系统的设计框架、基本功能和应用效果。系统主要包括短信和微信两大模块,短信模块主要面向非地震系统人员,通过手机短信形式向社会灾情速报员发送灾情邀请短信,灾情速报员只需简单回复灾情代码“1”—“4”即可。微信模块主要面向地震系统工作人员,通过微信企业号“苏震12322”自动推送地震信息并完成灾情收集工作。经过近1年的试运行,系统能够在震后迅速完成灾情信息的收发与数据处理工作,并以“天地图”为地理底图实时直观地展示已上报的灾情信息。 相似文献
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地震现场与一般灾害现场不同,其受灾区域较大,常规的基于遥感信息进行灾情收集时,采集信息零散混乱无法形成可视化直观分析结果。为解决该问题,设计基于可视化遥感技术的地震大区域灾情收集系统,利用遥感信息采集大区域的优势,配合设计网络通信层、数据收集层、数据库层、GIS遥感平台层和应用层组成的系统硬件,采用GIS三维重构技术,对灾情进行可视化呈现。实验结果说明,系统最长响应时间为1.857 s,最大CPU占用率和消耗分别是80.8%和1 656 MB,信息可视化重现程度高。 相似文献
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网络地震灾情信息智能处理模型与地震烈度判定方法研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
破坏性地震发生之后,丰富的地震灾情信息和准确的地震烈度图是地震应急救援工作的基础。伴随着互联网的迅速发展,互联网已经成为地震灾情信息获取的一种重要渠道。本文通过构建网络地震灾情信息智能处理模型,将互联网上非结构化的灾情信息转化成结构化的灾情信息。并将网络地震灾情信息与地震烈度相结合,进行地震烈度判定,从而对地震应急期的烈度快速评定结果进行修正拟合。 相似文献
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From the events of catastrophic natural disasters that have occurred in recent years, it can be found that social media platforms are increasingly becoming the most important and most convenient way for the general public to timely release and obtain information on disasters. The information obtained from such platforms contains a large amount of information in the form of texts, pictures, etc. that record the current situation of the disaster. And it also has characteristics of high efficiency and high spatial distribution to serve the rapid emergency after the earthquake. In this paper, we firstly make a statistical analysis of 32 689 pieces of historical disaster data acquired from 5 earthquakes with obvious characteristics, such as post-earthquake disaster events, user's expression habits and so on, and adopts cross-validation method. Then information classification system which includes seven first-level categories and more than 50 second-level categories is constructed. The information classification system and evaluation system of crisis degree for post-earthquake emergency response are constructed both using cross-validation method. The former is referred to the thought of existing classification basis and the experience knowledge of several emergency experts. Based on the five indicators of subject word, action word, degree word, time and position measurement, an evaluation system of critically with four levels of severity, moderate intensity, mildness and others was constructed. Considering the sparse features of self-media information and the large difference in the number of training sets, a naive Bayes model for information classification is trained based on the classification system and evaluation system. Its accuracy rate is 73.6%. At the same time, the classification method of feature fusion of machine learning model and semantic calculation model is used to evaluate the criticality of the disaster information. The accuracy rate of the evaluation model is 89.2%, higher than 85.2% of the semantic computing model and 77% of the naive Bayesian model. The evaluation model has combined the advantages of semantic computing method which can evaluate all index features with machine learning method which has high classification efficiency and accuracy. The thresholds for classification between mild and moderate intensity, moderate intensity and severe intensity were 15.2 and 27.39. The model realized in this paper can crawl, classify and evaluate the disaster information in the media in real time after an earthquake, and realizes mining of a small amount of critical and important information from the massive self-media information, thus, to assist in earthquake intensity rapid reporting and accurate rescue. Finally, taking the Jiuzhaigou earthquake on August 8, 2017 as an example, 17 432 pieces of data were crawled in real time within 48 hours after the earthquake. At the same time, based on ArcGIS, the mining information is visualized in time and space, and the availability of the data is evaluated from two perspectives of earthquake intensity quick reporting and accurate rescue after the earthquake. The disaster information of Jiuzhaigou County in the earthquake area is obviously more than that of the non-earthquake area in terms of quantity and emergency degree. The results show that the self-media information with high spatial distribution can effectively find the severer disaster grade area after the earthquake, shorten the time of earthquake intensity prediction, effectively classify and extract information, provide real-time information for precise rescue, and improve the efficiency of emergency response after the earthquake. 相似文献
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从GIS的最新发展技术WebGIS的概念出发,研究了目前使用WebGIS的几种常见的开发方式,分析了在地震应急指挥信息系统中采用WebGIS技术对地震灾害应急指挥带来的优势,同时探讨了地震信息采集、信息处理、系统集成发布以及地震灾害评估等一系列问题的处理过程。设计研究了基于WebGIS技术建立地震应急指挥系统的理论实现过程和集成实现方案。将WebGIS技术应用在地震应急指挥信息系统中,也为处理其他灾害防御指挥信息系统提出了一种新的解决问题的途径。 相似文献
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破坏性地震发生后,地震灾情快速评估作为地震应急指挥技术系统中的核心模块能够为各级政府和应急管理部门地震应急指挥决策提供重要的信息服务,是地震应急救援与指挥决策重要的支撑平台。随着学者对地震应急领域几十年的研究,已经具备了开发新一代地震灾害快速评估系统的条件。本文基于甘肃省分震级地震烈度衰减模型、分区域的地震灾害人员伤亡评估模型、地震应急专题图设计等研究基础,研发了新一代甘肃省地震灾害快速评估原型系统,实现了软件自动触发、分震级地震影响范围估计、分区地震灾害人员伤亡计算,自动生成地震灾情评估报告,提高了系统的自动化水平和计算结果的精度。该软件能够提升甘肃省地震灾害快速响应能力,能够为甘肃省地震灾害应急救援和指挥决策提供更为科学可靠信息服务。 相似文献
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随着城镇化水平的快速提高,地震灾害高风险暴露城镇数量将不断增加,震后有效的应急处置尤为重要。而当前城镇的地震应急处置主要依据平时制定的地震应急预案开展,缺乏针对性与可操作性。本文以提升城镇地震灾害应急处置能力为目的,总结以往城镇地震应急处置案例,提炼城镇地震灾害应急处置流程,结合城镇特殊的社会经济、自然地理等特点,在分析影响地震灾害应急处置关键因素的基础上,按地震烈度的不同,研究构建了具有区域特征且操作性较强的城镇地震灾害应急处置模型,为城镇地震应急处置的科学化、规范化提供了参考。 相似文献
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根据历次破坏性地震实际灾情反馈特点的分析总结,结合地震灾害的演变机理和分布特点,本文尝试利用3种基于离散灾情信息点推漫灾情分布面的方法在不同灾情获取阶段快速判定地震烈度分布。从计算原理、数据基础、方法特点和判定结果看,三种方法具有不同的应用场景。泰森多边形判定法简单、易行,可用于震后初期灾情量较少时使用,判定结果较粗糙,必须再结合震源特性、破裂过程以及地形地貌条件等对震害分布的影响进行综合判定后才能得出相对合理的震害分布预判结果;克里金插值判定法是一种基于地理统计方法的空间插值方法,对数据分布有明确要求,其判定结果对灾区范围整体把握较好,可用于已经获取一定量灾情信息但灾区情况尚未明朗时使用,其插值结果再结合地震破裂过程以及震后余震分布信息综合调整后,可作为灾害评估修正和应急决策参考;标准差距离椭圆拟合方法是基于地震烈度分布呈椭圆形的假设提出的,对数据的敏感度较高,可用于对可信度较高的或由专业途径上报的灾情信息进行拟合,其结果可作为现场灾害调查和确定最终烈度分布的参考。 相似文献