共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 375 毫秒
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基于2001—2015年流动及连续GPS观测资料,借助多面函数拟合法建立渭河盆地水平速度场模型,并计算球面坐标下的应变特征参数。结合陕西地区地质构造背景,分析渭河盆地水平速度场及应变场分布特征。结果表明:(1)渭河盆地西部GPS速度场受青藏块体及鄂尔多斯块体共同作用明显,西部GPS速度场大于中东部,且GPS速度场有顺时针旋转的运动特征。(2)渭河盆地西部主应力场变化复杂,中部的西安地区主应变差异变化明显,与2009年11月5日高陵M_S4.4地震对应;渭河盆地西部出现最大剪应变及面应变高值区及差异变化高梯度带,在西安附近出现最大剪应变及面应变差异变化梯度带,高陵地震震中位于零值线附近。(3)2001—2010年的主应变、最大剪应变、面应变变化比2011—2015年显著,表明高陵地震发生后,应力场进行了释放调整,近期渭河盆地地震紧迫性相对较低。 相似文献
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结合重力资料分析认为，江苏地磁异常亦与下扬子地幔流应力场流动活动相关，南黄海Ｍｓ６．１地震前地磁异常有呈象限分布的规律，并有发生于增磁正负变化梯度带附近的特征；重力变化打破年变规律，出现大于区域场的负异常，且呈梯度变化。 相似文献
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本文讨论了(1)区域应力场和震源应力场随时间的变化,提出在前兆机制研究的模拟计算中,可将前者看作是定常的,而后者是随时间不断变化的;(2)地震危险区的判别,认为在应变梯度较高同时应力又较集中的区域附近可能易发生中强地震。 作者通过用Max well粘弹性模型对一含壁垒的走滑断层的应力、应变积累过程进行有限元模拟,探讨了震源体发震前形成高应力差和高应变梯度的原因和过程。主要结论是:即使区域应力场是定常的,由于断层内外物质力学性质的不均匀分布,中强震的危险区终将出现在壁垒处及断层端部;断层内软弱带上可能仅发生小震或蠕滑。 相似文献
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地壳的非弹性变形以及岩浆与岩石变形的关系是近年构造物理研究的一个热点。文中主要研究火山区的地表形变以及应力场问题,设计了含有岩浆囊的上地壳有限元模型。该模型计算结果与Mogi模型的对比表明,有限元模型不仅可以实现Mogi模型的结果①,而且有很多优势:主要表现在地表对不同岩浆囊形状的响应;区域平面应力场和剖面应力场的体现以及应力场、位移随时间的变化趋势。利用该模型对比分析了岩浆囊半径差异以及岩浆囊深度差异导致的不同形变结果,认为在上地壳浅部,当岩浆囊半径小到一定程度(如0.5km),地表垂向位移的变化受岩浆囊压力变化的影响较小。同时,初步分析了区域最大应力场的分布与实测火山地震分布的关系,发现有较好的对应关系;模拟对比了只有构造应力场和带有岩浆上拱的构造应力场,发现后者导致了最大剪应力场的逐渐增大 相似文献
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根据野外调查得到的地震破裂以及同震位错分布,利用三维有限元模型研究了昆仑山口西MS8.1地震的同震位移场和同震应力场的分布,讨论了震后地震活动与同震应力场变化的关系。模拟的MS8.1地震同震位移场显示,东昆仑断裂带南北两侧的同震位移衰减程度存在差异,断裂带南部的同震位移衰减大于北部同震位移的衰减;同震应力场研究结果则表明,MS8.1地震的同震最大剪切应力主要集中在东昆仑断裂带的周边地区,最大剪切应力等值线沿断裂带密集分布,形成了高梯度带。MS8.1地震的发生使青藏活动地块区的地壳应力发生了剧烈的变化,可能导致研究区的地壳应力场得到松弛。库伦破裂应力的研究表明,昆仑山地震对其后发生的5次强余震有一定的触发作用,昆仑山口西MS8.1地震可能也触发了2003年的德令哈6.6级地震 相似文献
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控制内陆浅源地震孕育及发生的应力场可视为基本应力场与变化应力场的叠加，后者往往起着重要的作用．本文讨论两类与地热有关的产生变化应力场的问题:一类是局部高温区问题，包括载热流体侵入竖直或水平裂隙的情况和存在静态局部高温区的情况；另一类是断层在稳态扩展中出现位移间断的同时也释放热能的情况．将它们理想化为热弹性理论的三维准静态问题，并给出各自的解．求得其在地表附近某平面上所产生的若干地震前兆附加场的近似表达式，如温度场、体应变及地下水位场、垂直形变及地倾斜矢量场．讨论它们在该平面上的时空分布特征，并就诸情况进行对比．为综合利用它们的前兆观测资料，探索阶段性的地震前兆信息提供某些可能的理论基础． 相似文献
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基于水压致裂法地应力测试的原理,系统性研究分析了瓜什则盆地区域内的地应力场特征,这为成宁铁路控制性工程甘青特长隧道的选线设计提供了重要的参考依据。首先,根据区域内钻孔的地应力测试结果,采用有限元方法进行了区域地应力场的三维数值模拟,确定了该区域内的水平应力大于垂直应力的基本特征;其次,根据多个水平构造应力场的水平切片,分析了水平构造应力场随深度的变化,说明了该区域内水平构造应力场具有由东北向西南挤压的应力变化特征;然后,根据区域岩体抗拉强度分布,发现该区域内存在一个低抗拉强度带,它的地层结构相对较复杂,且其工程地质特征主要表现为地层破碎带或断层;最后,采用最小二乘法拟合了CK方案隧道横截面最大切向应力与最大水平主应力的线性回归模型,并预测了该方案隧道地层的岩爆发育程度。 相似文献
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The data reflecting the change in density are obtained, with computer tomograph scanning through the sample of freezing soil
section by section at intervals without destruction. Combined with the changing characteristics of water content along the
sample during test, the dynamic coupled process of moisture and density fields under the effect of temperature gradient on
the freezing soil in closed system is discussed. The result reflects the internal process of frost heave improvement resulting
from the transfer of mass and heat.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49401003). 相似文献
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大气作用下膨胀土地基的水分迁移与胀缩变形分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用土体渗流和蒸发理论,建立了大气-非饱和土相互作用模型;以现场观测的气象数据作为边界条件,进行了地基土中水分迁移的数值模拟,得到了大气作用下地基土体含水量的动态分布规律。计算结果表明,地基土中含水量变化幅度随深度增加而递减,3.5 m深度以下土体的体积含水量基本不变,从而确定了南宁地区膨胀土地基的大气影响层深度为3.5 m。在此基础上,结合已有膨胀土胀缩性指标的干湿循环效应研究成果,提出了一种同时考虑干湿循环效应和1.0 m深处含水量变化的膨胀土地基胀缩变形计算方法,通过算例将该法与传统方法进行比较,结果显示该法更加符合工程实际。 相似文献
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Soil moisture dynamics across landscape types in an arid inland river basin of Northwest China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2 
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下载免费PDF全文 A combination of field measurements, continuous monitoring and numerical modelling was used to evaluate soil moisture regimes at four sites across a landscape gradient of the Heihe River Basin. Recorded data of precipitation, irrigation and floods were used to build the model, and an optimization technique was employed to calibrate the parameters. Based on the optimized parameters and estimates of future scenarios, the modelling structure was employed to predict the changes in the growing season soil moisture regimes due to climate change and intensive management. The results suggest that the upper‐reach Yeniugou and Xishui sites will become wetter because of alterations in the precipitation regime, and this trend could be strengthened by the expected amplified interannual variability. Precipitation features at middle‐reach Linze and lower‐reach Ejina, however, are not expected to change in the future. We assumed that a more water‐saving irrigation system will replace the current traditional one, and hence, the soil moisture probability density function at the Linze site would tend to be narrowed to ranges around either the wilting point or the point of incipient water stress, depending on how the intervention point and target level are settled. Ejina is expected to experience the most extreme ecological conversion effects in the future, and soil moisture would be more frequently recharged by water delivery. However, the soil moisture regime would not change much because of the poor water‐holding capacity and intensive evaporation. The revealed patterns and predicted shifts in soil moisture dynamics could provide a useful reference for identifying robust long‐term water resource management strategies for the Heihe River Basin. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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An analysis of soil moisture dynamics using multi-year data from a network of micrometeorological observation sites 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Gretchen R. Miller Dennis D. Baldocchi Beverly E. Law Tilden Meyers 《Advances in water resources》2007
Soil moisture data, obtained from four AmeriFlux sites in the US, were examined using an ecohydrological framework. Sites were selected for the analysis to provide a range of plant functional type, climate, soil particle size distribution, and time series of data spanning a minimum of two growing seasons. Soil moisture trends revealed the importance of measuring water content at several depths throughout the rooting zone; soil moisture at the surface (0–10 cm) was approximately 20–30% less than that at 50–60 cm. A modified soil moisture dynamics model was used to generate soil moisture probability density functions at each site. Model calibration results demonstrated that the commonly used soil matric potential values for finding the vegetation stress point and field content may not be appropriate, particularly for vegetation adapted to a water-controlled environment. Projections of future soil moisture patterns suggest that two of the four sites will become severely stressed by climate change induced alterations to the precipitation regime. 相似文献
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The potential information in the temperature difference between shadow and sunlit of surfaces and a new way of retrieving the soil moisture 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
ZHANG Renhua SU Hongbo Li Zhaoliang SUN Xiaomin TANG Xinzhai F.Becker 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2001,44(2):112-123
The thermal inertia and plant water stress index are often adopted to estimate soil moisture available for crops or plants.
However, it is not very easy to obtain two temporal temperatures for thermal inertia model and air temperature for the plant
water stress mode. Shadows of ground objects are often referred to noise on visible and near infrared remote sensing. But
the difference of temperature between shadows and sunlit contains rich information concerning with heat-water status for soil.
This paper presented a new way to excavate just by temperature difference usually between shadow and sunlit surface. Experiments
validated the ideal. We can adopt thermal camera to measure the differences in the field measurements. However, we must use
inversion based on multianglar thermal infrared remote sensing data in airborne and spaceborne. An inverting model was also
presented by using Monte-Carlo and the least square method. Results show that this way is feasible. 相似文献
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Because of its direct influence on the amount of unfrozen water and on the strength of intergranular ice in a frozen soil, temperature has a significant effect on all aspects of the mechanical behavior of the active layer in which temperature fluctuates above and below 0 °C. Hence seismic responses of engineering structures such as embankment on a sloping ground in permafrost regions exhibit obvious differences with seasonal alternation. To explore the distinctive seismic characteristics of a railway embankment on the sloping ground in permafrost regions, a coupled water-heat-dynamics model is built based on theories of heat transfer, soil moisture dynamics, frozen soil mechanics, soil dynamics, and so on. A well-monitored railway embankment on a sloping ground in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is taken as an example to simulate seismic responses in four typical seasons in the 25th service year. The numerical results show that seismic acceleration, velocity and displacement responses are significantly different in four typical seasons, and the responses on October 15 are much higher among the four seasons. When the earthquake is over, there are still permanent differential deformations in the embankment and even severe damages on the left slope on October 15. Therefore, this position should be monitored closely and repaired timely to ensure safe operation. In addition, the numerical model and results may be a reference for maintenance, design and study on other embankments in permafrost regions. 相似文献
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Land surface process is of great importance in global climate change, moisture and heat exchange in the interface of the earth and atmosphere, human impacts on the environment and eco- system, etc. Soil freeze/thaw plays an important role in cold land surface processes. In this work the diurnal freeze/thaw effects on energy partition in the context of GAME/Tibet are studied. A sophisti- cated land surface model is developed, the particular aspect of which is its physical consideration of soil freeze/thaw and vapor flux. The simultaneous water and heat transfer soil sub-model not only reflects the water flow from unfrozen zone to frozen fringe in freezing/thawing soil, but also demon- strates the change of moisture and temperature field induced by vapor flux from high temperature zone to low temperature zone, which makes the model applicable for various circumstances. The modified Picard numerical method is employed to help with the water balance and convergence of the numerical scheme. Finally, the model is applied to analyze the diurnal energy and water cycle char- acteristics over the Tibetan Plateau using the Game/Tibet datasets observed in May and July of 1998. Heat and energy transfer simulation shows that: (i) There exists a negative feedback mechanism between soil freeze/thaw and soil temperature/ground heat flux; (ii) during freezing period all three heat fluxes do not vary apparently, in spite of the fact that the negative soil temperature is higher than that not considering soil freeze; (iii) during thawing period, ground heat flux increases, and sensible heat flux decreases, but latent heat flux does not change much; and (iv) during freezing period, soil temperature decreases, though ground heat flux increases. 相似文献
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The high soil organic carbon(SOC) content in alpine meadow can significantly change soil hydrothermal properties and further affect the soil temperature and moisture as well as the surface water and energy budget. Therefore, this study first introduces a parameterization scheme to describe the effect of SOC content on soil hydraulic and thermal parameters in a land surface model(LSM), and then the SOC content is estimated by minimizing the difference between observed and simulated surface-layer soil moisture. The accuracy of the estimated SOC content was evaluated using in situ observation data at a soil moisture and temperature-measuring network in Naqu, central Tibetan Plateau. Sensitivity experiments show that the optimum time window for stabilizing the estimation results cannot be shorter than three years. In the experimental area, the estimated SOC content can generally reflect the spatial distribution of the measurements, with a root mean square error of 0.099 m^3 m-3, a mean bias of 0.043 m^3 m-3, and a correlation coefficient of 0.695. The estimated SOC content is not sensitive to the temporal frequency of the soil moisture data input. Even if the temporal frequency is as low as that of current soil moisture products derived from passive microwave satellites, the estimation result is still stable. Therefore, by combining a high-quality satellite soil moisture product and a parameter optimization method, it is possible to obtain grid-scale effective parameter values, such as SOC content,for an LSM and improve the simulation ability of the LSM. 相似文献
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Based on important factors that affect soil moisture spatial distribution, such as the slope gradients, land use, vegetation
cover, and surface water diffusion characteristics together with field measurements of soil moisture data obtained from the
surface soil under different land use structures, a soil moisture spatial distribution model was established. The diffusion
degree coefficient of surface water for different vegetations was estimated from soil moisture values obtained from field
measurements. The model can be solved using the finite unit method. The soil moisture spatial distribution on the hill slopes
in the Loess Plateau were simulated by the model. A comparison of the simulated values with measurement data shows that the
model is a good fit. 相似文献