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1.
吉林省松原地区1119年6 3/4级地震的发震构造条件   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
李传友  张良怀 《中国地震》1999,15(3):237-246
1999年6 3/4级地震是东北地区震级在的地震,目前对其发震构造背景缺乏深入的研究。本文从深部构造背景,浅层构造条件和深浅部构造关系等方面,对1119年地震的发震构造背景作了剖析。研究认为,本次地震的宏观震中位于扶余-前郭一带,地质构造上,该区处于松辽盆地中央凹陷和东南隆起的交接部位;深部构造背景上,该区是莫霍面起伏的拐点,存在北东向基底断鲜明和弱西向深部断裂,前者规模较大,晚新生代有弱活动,是  相似文献   

2.
莫霍面和居里面是认识深部过程重要的地质与地球物理界面.为了进一步理解南海深部构造活动与洋盆扩张的关系,本文以OBS剖面和深反射地震剖面作为约束,对卫星测高重力异常进行海水、沉积层影响校正,采用最小曲率位场分离方法消除局部密度体的重力影响,获取了反映莫霍面起伏的重力异常,并利用双界面模型重力场快速反演方法计算得到了南海地区莫霍面深度值.通过与居里面起伏的对比研究,发现南海莫霍面和居里面整体均表现为"洋盆浅、周缘深"的菱形特征,两者在洋陆转换区呈现明显的窄梯级带特征,反映了南海扩张期岩石圈的强烈伸展减薄、南北向构造拉张作用等深部构造过程.洋盆莫霍面和居里面的西南向楔形形态是对南海由东向西渐进式扩张的深部构造响应.洋盆南部莫霍面浅于北部,这与扩张中心逐渐向南迁移的特征一致,而洋盆居里面南深北浅的特征则可能与洋盆的简单剪切扩张方式以及洋盆北部的岩浆活动更活跃有关.南海地区莫霍面和居里面呈现交错叠置关系,南、北陆缘表现为明显的深部构造差异,说明南海为非对称式扩张.北部陆缘区居里面深度浅于莫霍面,而洋盆区和南部陆缘区居里面深于莫霍面,这与南、北陆缘性质的差异和南部陆缘复杂的中-新生代俯冲碰撞等构造演化相关,而洋盆区居里面深于莫霍面的现象推测与大洋上地幔橄榄岩蛇纹石化导致的岩石磁性增强有关.  相似文献   

3.
本文利用布格重力异常资料经过“剥皮”、“上延”反演计算,得出了宁夏地区十六条剖面的莫霍面及康拉界面的埋藏深度,並绘制出宁夏及其邻近地区的深部重力异常图、莫霍面等深度平面图。此结果与地质构造、测深资料基本相近。由此得出如下认识:宁夏地区的地壳厚度比东部的陕西地区增厚1—5公里,比西部的甘肃地区薄6公里左右。全区有几个莫霍面凹陷区和隆起区,即银川—平罗莫霍面凹陷区、中卫—中宁莫霍面隆起区、吴忠—马家滩莫霍面凹陷区、海原—李俊堡莫霍面凹陷区。另外还清楚地看到,在宁夏南部地区,大致以大、小罗山、预旺、泾原一线为界,往东地壳厚度逐渐变薄,往西地壳厚度逐渐变厚。历史上宁夏地区的强震位置恰巧与上述凹陷区和隆起区之间的变化梯度带相吻合。  相似文献   

4.
环渤海地区Pn波速度结构与各向异性   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
环渤海地区位于华北克拉通的中东部,是岩石圈破坏和减薄的主要地区,同时也是我国大陆东部强震的多发区和油气田产区,一直是国内外学者研究的重点区域.本研究利用环渤海地区1980—2015年期间中国地震台网高质量Pn波到时数据,反演得到环渤海地区Pn波速度结构及各向异性.结果显示,环渤海地区上地幔顶部的Pn波速度结构存在明显的横向不均匀性,且与区域地质构造有一定相关性.在地形隆起区,如太行山隆起、燕山隆起、鲁西隆起、胶辽隆起及苏鲁褶皱带地区,呈现为低波速异常,说明这些隆起区下方的上地幔存在热物质上涌,而凹陷地区,如华北盆地、南黄海北部盆地和南黄海南部盆地,则表现为高波速异常,说明这些凹陷地区上地幔顶部岩石圈强度较大.地壳内强震主要发生于低波速异常区和高低波速异常过渡带上,说明华北地区地壳强震的发生有可能受到上地幔深部构造的影响.太行山造山带地区Pn波各向异性快波方向为近NNE向,苏鲁褶皱带区域的Pn波各向异性快波方向为近NE向,与断裂带的走向基本一致,表明在地壳形变剧烈的地区,可能受上地幔顶部的深部动力学影响较大.华北盆地的北部和南部各向异性方向存在差异,可能与岩石圈的厚度及热状态的不均匀性有关.  相似文献   

5.
白云凹陷位于南海北部陆缘深水地带,是我国深水油气资源勘探的重要地区。开展重-震成像研究,是分析该区烃源岩分布特征、大型构造圈闭、成藏层系与储层条件的重要方法。本文通过重力异常、地震Vs波速结构模型及地震勘探剖面分析,获得研究区自由空间重力异常、布格重力异常、水平和垂向梯度、密度反演图像、Vs波速度结构图像以及高分辨率地震勘探剖面图像。重力图像揭示:白云凹陷中心的强负值异常图像与较厚沉积和基底起伏有关;凹陷东侧相对高正值局部重力圈闭与中生代残余地层有关;凹陷北侧条带状正异常则与陆坡向洋盆过渡时基底下凹有关。白云凹陷的主凹陷和南凹陷存在明显的层状负剩余密度或相对低密度区,是有利的含油气层位。地震图像揭示:白云凹陷由北向南存在明显的细颈化带、外缘隆起带、洋陆过渡带等结构。在陆缘地壳强烈伸展薄化期间,白云凹陷形成大型三角洲-湖相烃源岩沉积环境的凹陷结构,沉积物源主体来自北侧。随着地壳强烈减薄的细颈化,凹陷出现明显的台阶式沉陷,导致陆架坡折带由南向北迁移,形成陆架边缘三角洲、深水重力流水道和深水扇等有利的储层。高分辨率地震资料获取的地震勘探剖面图像上,可以识别出许多浅层气运移通道,表明白云凹陷丰富的中、浅层气大多来源于深部地层。   相似文献   

6.
渤海湾地区前第三系构造样式分布特征研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
通过渤海湾盆地内黄骅坳陷等潜山地震剖面的精细解释,结合周缘隆起区露头区野外构造考察,对渤海湾地区前第三系主要发育的拉张构造、挤压构造、走滑构造、负反转构造、重力滑动构造等5种进行了研究,这些构造在南北向上大致以沧东断裂、北西西向上大致以张家口-蓬莱断裂和齐河-广饶断裂为界分为六个区,不同区之间的构造线走向及构造样式组合存在较大差异.渤海湾地区前第三系的这种构造样式分布格局可能是印支期华北板块与北部的西伯利亚板块、南部的扬子板块先后闭合碰撞以及燕山中、晚期滨太平洋构造域影响作用不断增强和深部岩石圈的大规模减薄作用的结果.  相似文献   

7.
晋豫陕三省交界地区,是我国历史地震活动较强烈的地区.本文根据晋豫陕地震联防区编制的地壳厚度图,结合地面地质构造特征,对发生在该区的5级以上地震活动与上述构造的关系进行探讨,说明5级以上地震的发生与地面地质构造有一定的关系,且多发生在深部莫霍面隆起构造的斜坡上.  相似文献   

8.
青藏高原北部NNW向构造活动方式及形成年代   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
侯康明  石亚缪  张忻 《地震地质》1999,21(2):32-136
对青藏高原北部NNW向构造的地质地貌组合特征、活动方式及形成年代等问题进行的研究表明,NNW向构造在地貌上由西向东表现为隆、拗相间排列的构造格局。其中NNW向活动断裂依次发育在隆起带的东缘,形成伴有褶皱构造的逆冲-挤压构造带。拗陷带则由一系列位于隆起带之间的压陷性盆地带组成。NNW向构造活动强烈,特别是在第四纪中、晚期以来,它们不仅制约着青藏高原北部区地质地貌的发生和发展,而且还在地震活动及强震孕育和发生过程中扮演着重要的角色,NNW向隆起从第三纪末期至第四纪初期开始发育,但大规模隆起发生在第四纪中更新世以来  相似文献   

9.
太行山东缘石家庄南部地壳结构及断裂活动性探测   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
采用深、浅地震反射和钻孔地质剖面相结合的方法,对太行山东缘石家庄南部的地壳结构和隐伏断裂的活动性进行了研究.深地震反射探测结果表明,该区地壳厚度33~38km,莫霍面从华北平原向太行山下倾伏.石家庄—晋县凹陷是受拆离断层控制的盆岭构造,太行山山前断裂为凹陷的西边界断裂,表现为上陡下缓的铲形断裂.石家庄—晋县凹陷中还发育北席断裂和栾城断裂,它们与太行山山前断裂一样受拆离断层的控制,未错断早更新世晚期以来沉积的地层不属于活动断裂.深地震反射剖面的中部还揭示了一个近垂直的穹窿状反射异常体,它可能起源于莫霍面,向上,穿过上、下地壳分界面,并延伸至上地壳.穹窿状反射异常体内部反射波视频率随深度增加而降低,在莫霍面附近的壳幔过渡带也出现明显的频率降低、界面扭曲和变形现象,推断它可能是上地幔岩浆上涌到地壳内部的侵入体.结合电磁测深结果可以发现,上地幔热物质的上涌和东、西向拉张可能是形成石家庄—晋县凹陷的动力学机制.探测结果为深入理解石家庄地区的深部地球动力学过程、华北克拉通破坏机制、深浅构造关系和地震构造提供了依据.  相似文献   

10.
南海东北部及邻区深部结构的综合地球物理研究   总被引:37,自引:20,他引:17       下载免费PDF全文
南海东北部及邻区,特别是洋陆转换带地区的复杂地壳结构特征一直是南海岩石层结构研究的热点.本文在Pn波地震层析成像结果和深部地震探测剖面的约束下,利用重力数据建立该区两条剖面的密度模型.两条重力剖面二度半密度正反演的拟合结果支持琼粤隆起至吕宋岛弧区一带的地壳结构中存在下地壳高速层的观点,同时认为台西南盆地的拟合结果表明南部凹陷区仍属于过渡型地壳.本文认为剖面AA′和剖面BB′的构造属性虽然均总体倾向于火山岩型,但二者的地质结构并不完全一致,表明了北部陆缘深部结构的横向差异与构造属性的复杂.  相似文献   

11.
We estimated Moho depth beneath the southern Tanlu fault zone and its adjacent area using common-conversion-point(CCP)stacking of receiver fun-ctions,which were computed from teleseismic records of the CEArray.Our estimated Moho depth matches well with 2-D profiles derived from active-source deep seismic reflection surveys,suggesting that the calculated the Moho depth map is likely accurate beyond the 2-D profiles.Overall,the estimated Moho depth map showed a high spatial correlation with tectonic provinces,i.e.,Moho topographic boundaries are in good agreement with geological boundaries.Beneath the Dabie orogenic belt and the mountainous areas in southern Anhui Province,the Moho lies relatively deep,and there is an obvious difference in Moho depth between the two sides of this segment of the Tanlu fault.We further selected four depth profiles with dense instrumentation to show Moho depth changes across different tectonic blocks in the study area.We saw two step-like changes in Moho depth beneath the Xiangfan-Guangji and Gushi-Feizhong,which run parallel along the WNW-ESE direction and delineate the southern and northern bounds of the northern Dabie orogenic belt,which is likely the suture zone between the North China Block and South China Block.Crust beneath the northeast corner of the study area is significantly thinner than other areas,which is consistent with the crustal detachment model proposed for suturing between the North and South China blocks in the region east to the Tanlu fault.  相似文献   

12.
The interaction zone between southern Tianshan and northern Tarim is located at the northeast side of Pamir. It is a region with high seismicity. We constructed a seismotectonic model for the west part of this zone from geological profiles, deep crust seismic detection and earthquake focal mechanisms data. Based on the synthesized geological features, deep crust structure, and earthquake focal mechanisms, we think that the main regional tectonic feature is that the Tianshan tecto-lithostratigraphic unit overthrusts on the Tarim block. The Tianshan tectonic system includes the Maidan fault and thrust sheets in front of the fault; The Tarim tectonic system includes the underground northern Tarim margin fault, conjugate faults in basement and overthrust fault in shallow. The northern Tarim margin fault is a high angle fault deep in the Tarim crust, adjusting different trending deformation between Tianshan and Tarim. It is a major active fault that can generate large earthquakes. The other faults, such as the Tianshan overthrust system and the Tarim basement faults in this area may generate moderately strong earthquakes with different styles.  相似文献   

13.
渭河盆地及邻区地壳深部结构特征研究   总被引:13,自引:6,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
利用穿越区域南段为秦岭褶皱带山区,中段为渭河断陷盆地,北段为鄂尔多斯地台南缘的宽角反射/折射地震测深剖面所获得的资料对该区地壳结构进行研究.结果表明:该区地壳呈明显的分层、分区结构;上下地壳的分界是由壳内反射波较为连续可靠的P2以及P3所确定的.鄂尔多斯地台是本区M界面最深的地区,地壳厚度大,达42 km左右,结构相对简单,结晶基底浅. 秦岭褶皱带的地壳厚度约37~38 km,结晶基底浅,甚至出露.渭河断陷盆地莫霍界面相对两侧明显且不对称的上隆,地壳结构复杂;而莫霍界面相对鄂尔多斯地块突变隆起和上地幔高速物质侵入于下地壳,是该区发生中强地震的深部构造背景.  相似文献   

14.
3-D velocity images of the crust and upper mantle of the Tianshan area   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
(胥颐,朱介寿,刘志坚,张华卿,朱燕)3-DvelocityimagesofthecrustanduppermantleoftheTianshanarea¥YiXU;Jie-ShouZHU;Zhi-JianLIU;Hua-QingZHANGandYa...  相似文献   

15.
华北强烈地震深部构造环境的探测与研究   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
20世纪六七十年代以来, 华北地区发生了一系列强烈地震. 强烈地震的孕育、 发生和发展与深部构造密切相关. 近50年来, 我国地震科学领域在强烈地震的地震构造和深部环境方面开展了大量的研究. 深部地球物理探测和地震层析成像结果揭示了华北地区地壳结构的基本特征, 并在强烈地震发生的深部构造环境等问题上取得了重要进展. 本文在回顾华北地区地壳上地幔结构探测的基础上, 对1966年邢台MS7.2, 1976年唐山MS7.8, 1975年海城MS7.3和1679年三河—平谷M8.0地震的地震构造和深部构造环境进行评述. 深部地球物理数据的综合分析表明, 震源下方的低速异常带, 高角度超壳深断裂, 地壳深浅构造的不一致, 偏低的上地幔顶部速度和局部隆起的莫霍界面, 是华北伸展构造区深部孕震环境的共同特征.   相似文献   

16.
The study area is located at the junction of the northern margin of the Qinling orogenic belt and the southern margin of the North China Block. In order to study the fine crustal structure and the deep-shallow structural features of faults in this area, we conducted deep seismic reflection profiling with the seismic profile of 100km long, directing NE-SW in Zhumadian City, Henan Province, and got clear lithospheric structure images along the profile. As regards the data acquisition, we applied the geometry of 25m group interval, 1000 recording channels and more than 60 folds. Seismic wave exploding applies the 30kg shots of dynamite source with the borehole depth of 25m. The shot interval is 200m. In data processing, we focused on improving the signal-to-noise ratio. Data processing methods mainly include first break removal, tomographic static correction, abnormal amplitude elimination, amplitude compensation, pre-stack denoising, surface consistent deconvolution, velocity analysis, several iterations of the residual static correction, dip moveout, post-stack time migration and post-stack denoising, etc. The profile with high signal-to-noise ratio was obtained. The reflection wave group characteristics is obvious in the crust, which reflects abundant information about geological structure. Along the profile, the crust is characterized by double-layer reflection structure, and the Moho surface is composed of a series of laminated arc-shaped strong reflections. The thickness of the upper crust is about 14.8~20.7km, and the total thickness of the crust is about 32.0~35.1km. The upper crust is dominated by the inclined, densely stratified or arc-shaped reflections. The lower crust is dominated by arc-shaped and inclined reflection, and there is a reflective transparent zone under the Moho surface. The reflection sequences with different directions and shapes in the upper crust constitute the nappe structure in southwest segment and the structural model of two concaves with one uplift in NE segment, which correspond to the north Qinling nappe, Zhumadian-Huaibin depression, Pingyu-Xiping uplift and a secondary depression, respectively. There are abundant arc-shaped reflection sequences in the lower crust, which may represent multi-stage magmatic activities. The deep seismic reflection profile shows that faults in the upper crust are well developed. According to the characteristics of reflected wave field in the profile, four groups of fault structure which contain ten faults with different scales are interpreted. Among them, faults FP1, FP2 and FP3 constitute the thrust fault system in the northern margin of Qinling Mountains, and FP5 and FP7 are boundary faults of Zhumadian-Huaibin depression. These faults are all developed within the upper crust. In addition, the Fault FPM is a large fault that cuts through the lower crust and Moho surface. The deep seismic reflection profile reveals the crustal structure and deep-shallow structural features of faults at the junction of the northern margin of the Qinling orogenic belt and the southern margin of the North China block, which provides seismological evidence for the analysis of structural differences, the deep earth's interior processes and deep-shallow structural relationships between the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt and the southern margin of the North China block. The lower crust of the study area is divided into two parts by deep faults that dislocate the Moho surface. These two parts have distinct reflective structures, suggesting that the area has experienced intense complex tectonic movements. The faults in the upper crust control the formation of basin-mountain structure and stratigraphic deposition of this area. And deep faults in the crust that disrupt Moho surface create conditions for the upwelling and energy exchange of deep materials. All of these have regulated the composition of material and the distribution of energy in the crust. The deep faults cutting through the lower crust and Moho surface and the south-dipping arc-shaped and inclined strong reflection sequences developed in the lower crust should indicate the large-scale subduction of the southern margin of the North China block towards the south-trending Qinling orogenic belt.  相似文献   

17.
南天山及塔里木北缘构造带西段地震构造研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
田勤俭  丁国瑜  郝平 《地震地质》2006,28(2):213-223
南天山及塔里木北缘构造带位于帕米尔地区东北侧,地震活动强烈。文中通过地质构造剖面、深部探测资料和地震震源机制解资料,综合研究了该区的地震构造模型。结果认为,该区的构造活动主要表现为天山地块逆冲于塔里木地块之上。天山构造系统包括迈丹断裂及其前缘推覆构造;塔里木构造系统包括深部的塔里木北缘断裂、基底共轭断层和浅部的推覆构造。塔里木北缘断裂是发育于塔里木地壳内部的高角度断裂,其形成原因在于塔里木和天山构造变形方向的差异。塔里木北缘断裂为研究区大地震的主要发震构造,天山推覆构造和塔里木基底断裂系统均具有不同性质的中强地震发震能力  相似文献   

18.
To research the faults distribution and deep structures in the southern segment of Tan-Lu fault zone(TLFZ) and its adjacent area, this paper collects the Bouguer gravity data and makes separation by the multi-scale wavelet analysis method to analyze the crustal transverse structure of different depths. Meanwhile Moho interface is inversed by Parker variable density model. Research indicates that the southern segment of TLFZ behaves as a NNE-directed large-scale regional field gravity gradient zone, which separates the west North China-Dabie orogen block and the east Yangtze block, cutting the whole crust and lithosphere mantle. There are quite differences of density structures and tectonic features between both sides of this gradient belt. The sedimentary and upper crustal density structure is complex. The two east branches of TLFZ behave as linear gravity anomalous belt throughout the region, whereas the two west branches of TLFZ continue to extend after truncating the EW-trending gravity anomaly body. The lower crustal density structure is relatively simple. TLFZ behaves as a broad and gentle low abnormal belt, which reflects the Cretaceous-Paleogene extension environment caused graben structure. The two west branches of TLFZ, running through Hefei city, extend southward along the west margin of Feidong depression and pinch out in Shucheng area due to the high density trap occlusions in the south of Shucheng. The Feizhong Fault, Liu'an-Hefei Fault, and Feixi-Hanbaidu Fault intersect the two west branch faults of TLFZ without extending to the east. Recent epicenters are mainly located in conversion zones between the high-density and the low-density anomaly, especially in TLFZ and the junction of the faults, where earthquakes frequently occurred in the upper and middle crust. As strong earthquakes rarely occur in the southern segment of TLFZ, considering its deep feature of abrupt change of the Moho and intersections with many EW-trending faults, the hazard of strong earthquake cannot be ignored.  相似文献   

19.
首都圈地区精细地壳结构——基于重力场的反演   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
本文以地质与地球物理资料作为约束条件,利用小波多尺度分析方法,对首都圈地区重力场进行了有效分离,应用Parker位场界面反演法及变密度模型对莫霍界面进行了反演分析,并构建了两条地壳密度结构剖面模型,对该区精细地壳结构进行了深入研究.研究结果表明首都圈地区受多期构造运动的改造,形成坳、隆相邻,盆、山相间,密度非均匀性,壳内结构与莫霍面埋深相差比较大的地壳分块构造格局.受华北克拉通岩石圈伸展、减薄以及岩浆的上涌底侵作用,首都圈地区莫霍面起伏比较大,莫霍面区域构造方向呈NE-NNE方向,在盆地向太行山、燕山过渡地带形成了莫霍面陡变带;盆地内部莫霍面形成东西向排列、高低起伏的框架,最大起伏约5 km,但平均地壳厚度比较小,北京、唐山地区地壳厚度最小约29 km,武清凹陷地壳厚度最大约34 km.在重力均衡调整作用下,西部太行山区地壳厚度较大,但地壳密度小于华北裂谷盆地内部;中上地壳重力场特征与地表地形及地貌特征具有很大的相关性.受新生代裂谷作用影响,首都圈中上地壳结构非常复杂,形成了NNE方向为主体的构造单元,断层多下延至中地壳;下地壳发生明显的褶曲构造,表现出高低密度异常相间排列的典型特征;首都圈地区地壳密度具有明显的非均匀性.研究认为首都圈地区地震的发生与上地幔顶部及软流层物质的上涌有一定关系.  相似文献   

20.
已有活动构造研究结果表明,天山北缘具有典型的大陆内部活动构造特征,表现为多排平行山体的背斜和逆断裂.为了研究乌鲁木齐坳陷区的地壳细结构、主要断裂展布和深、浅构造关系,2004年底,在乌鲁木齐西部的天山与准噶尔盆地之间的过渡带上,完成了一条近SN向的长度为78 km的深地震反射探测剖面.结果表明,该区地壳以双程走时9~10.5 s左右的强反射带为界分为上地壳和下地壳,上地壳厚约26~28 km,下地壳厚约23~25 km.双程走时5 s以上,反射层位丰富,构造形态清晰,且在剖面横向上具有明显不同的构造特征;在西山以南的区域,为一系列近东西向展布、南北向排列的逆冲背斜构造和一组自南向北逆冲的断裂,它们在深部均受到滑脱带的控制;在西山和王家沟一带,为一套向北陡倾的反射层系和一组沿层间滑动的断裂;剖面北部显示出了典型的沉积盆地图像,沉积盆地最深处约为10~12 km.双程走时6~9 s之间,为一些延续长度较短、反射能量较弱、且无规律可寻的凌乱反射,表明这部分地壳结构具有明显的“反射透明”性.Moho过渡带出现的时间位于双程走时14~17 s,对应壳幔过渡带厚度约为9~10 km.本区Moho面自北向南逐渐加深,剖面北部其深度约为50~52 km,在靠近北天山附近,其深度约为54~55 km.在剖面中部的西山附近,上、下地壳分界面反射和Moho过渡带反射变得模糊,且浅部地层还出现隆起和褶皱,推测与准噶尔盆地和天山的挤压过程有关.  相似文献   

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