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２０００年１～６月份全球地震活动水平为中等编高,但地震灾情较轻,半年内共发生Ｍ≥６地震７６次,其中Ｍ≥７地震８次,Ｍ≥８地震１次,全世界地震共计造成１７３人死亡,１０００多人受伤,经济损失约１亿～２亿美元,重大灾害地震主要发生在印度尼西亚。 相似文献
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１９９６年上半年全世界共发生６级以上地震５８次，其中７级以上地震１０次，成灾的地震１０次，死亡人数总５１０人，伤约１．５万人，经济损失为８３亿－１００亿元人民币。其中我国境内灾害地震３次，死亡人数共计３４９人，伤约１．４５万人，经济损失约７８亿元人民币。我国因地震死亡的总人数约占全世界地震 相似文献
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１９９８年上半年全世界共发生ＭＳ≥６地震３６次。全世界地震造成的死亡人数总计为９７９４人,伤１５１７３人;经济损失为５．３亿～８．１亿美元。１９９８年上半年全世界地震活动总水平与去年同期相同,但灾情较重于去年同期。主要灾害地震发生在阿富汗、土耳其、玻利维亚和中国张北－尚义地区。在南极海域地区发生８级大地震。 相似文献
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１９９９年上半年全世界地震灾害总水平偏低,共发生Ｍｓ≥６地震４９次,其中Ｍｓ≥７地震３次。全世界地震造成的死亡人数总计为２１２８人,伤约６０００人;经济损失约１０亿美元。主要灾害地震发生在哥伦比亚、阿富汗、印度、伊朗和墨西哥 。 相似文献
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１９９７年上半年全世界共发生Ｍｓ≥６地震４１次，其中Ｍｓ≥７有３次，成灾有１３次。全世界死亡人数总计为２７４２人，伤８３７３人；经济损失为４亿￣８亿美元。主要灾害地震发生在伊朗、巴斯斯坦、印度和我国新疆伽师地区；从全世界范围看，１９９７年上半年地震灾情并不严重。 相似文献
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１９９７年全世界共发生ＭＳ≥６地震９５次,较大灾害地震１１次,死亡人数总计２８８２人,伤９４８３人,经济损失约２４０亿美元。 相似文献
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１９９８年第四季度,全球共发生６级以上地震１１次,其中１１月２９日塞兰海地震为７．７级,地震频度低而强度高。１９９６￣１９９８年,全球地震活动呈逐年下降趋势。１９９８年全年共发生６级以上地震（包括深震）７８次,其中有２次７．７级以上大地震。本年度６级以上浅源地震频数继续减少,全年只有６４次。１９９６￣、９９８年,Ⅰ带和Ⅱ带地震活动逐年减弱;亚欧带有起伏,１９９７年最高,１９９８年回落。中国大陆地震 相似文献
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2001年1－6月全世界发生的较重大灾害地震共计8次，地震共计造成17759人死亡，953人失踪，15．9万人受伤，经济损失约163．3亿美元。重大灾害地震发生在印度。 相似文献
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2003年1～6月全球地震活动水平为中等偏低，地震灾情属于中等偏重。上半年全世界共发生M≥6地震68次，其中M≥7地震7次。地震造成约2468人死亡．12930多人受伤，经济损失约8亿美元。重大灾害地震发生在土耳其和阿尔及利亚。 相似文献
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1979年 7月 9日江苏溧阳 6 .0级地震造成 31 5 9人死亡 ,损坏房屋 5 5万多间 ,直接经济损失约 2 .4亿元 ,相当于当时溧阳县工农业年总产值的一半左右。 1 990年 2月 1 0日江苏常熟 5 .1级地震造成 2 6人伤亡 ,损坏房屋 1 0万多间 ,直接经济损失达 1 .3亿元以上 ,为全国同级别地震损失之最 (楼宝堂 ,1 996 )。随着社会经济的发展和城市化进程的加快 ,发生在大中城市和人口稠密、经济发达地区的破坏性地震 ,造成的灾害损失呈明显上升趋势。据震害预测 ,目前江苏陆地上若发生 1次 5级左右地震 ,直接经济损失可达 1 0亿元以上 ;若发生1次 6级左… 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献