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1.
湖冰物候影响着区域及全球气候,是全球变化的敏感因子,青藏高原湖泊众多,冻融现场监测数据缺乏,而微波具有对冰水相变敏感、时间分辨率高、历史存档数据长等特点,这对于长时间序列湖冰物候研究具有重要意义.然而,被动微波遥感空间分辨率低、湖泊亮温的精准定位难.论文通过获取AMSR-E/Aqua和AMSR-2/Gcom-W1的亮温数据,构建了基于轨道亮温数据的阈值判别法,通过对青藏高原不同区域和不同大小的青海湖、色林错、哈拉湖以及阿其克库勒湖进行测试研究:与青海湖现场观测对比,湖泊完全冻结日期与开始融化日期最大误差小于3天;与无云光学遥感判别结果相比,4个湖泊的冻融参数误差为2~4天.结果表明,被动微波轨道亮温数据可实现青藏高原地区亚像元级中大型湖泊冻融信息的获取,历史卫星资料可为湖冰物候的监测提供重要的支撑. 相似文献
2.
青藏高原大部分湖泊近年来持续扩张,湖泊水位和水量明显增加.冰川消融是流域水量平衡和水循环的重要影响因素,直接导致湖泊水量变化.由于缺乏大范围的冰川质量平衡观测结果,青藏高原冰川消融对湖泊水量变化的影响仍存在较大争议.本文选择青藏高原内流区的色林错流域区(水系编号5Z2)作为研究对象,利用SRTM DEM和TanDEM-X双站InSAR数据,精确估算该流域三个主要冰川区(普若岗日、格拉丹东和西念青唐古拉)2000—2012年的冰川质量平衡,依次为:-0.020±0.030、-0.128±0.049、-0.143±0.032m·w.e.·a~(-1).并据此采用面积加权法准确推估出5Z2流域的冰川质量变化为:-0.166±0.021Gt·a~(-1).综合ICESat和Cryosat-2卫星测高数据,计算该流域2003—2012年湖泊水量变化速率(3.006±0.202Gt·a~(-1)),并定量评估冰川质量变化对5Z2流域湖泊水量增加的贡献为:5.52%±1.07%,因此在青藏高原色林错流域区,冰川消融不是导致21世纪初期湖泊水位上升的主要因素. 相似文献
3.
湖冰厚度是湖泊在封冻期的重要物理参数,明晰其时空变化特征对于认识气候变暖背景下的湖冰响应规律具有重要的理论价值和现实意义.基于ERA5 Climate Reanalysis气温数据集、MODIS MOD09GQ数据产品和2019年湖冰钻孔测厚数据及雷达测厚数据,重建2000—2019年青海湖冰厚时间序列并分析其时空变化特征.结果表明:①2019年3月实测青海湖湖冰厚度平均增长速率为0.30 cm/d,高于2月份(0.12 cm/d).基于度日法湖冰生长模型模拟的2018年11月—2019年3月青海湖冰厚平均增长速率为0.34 cm/d,与实际观测数据相比,模拟冰厚误差为±2 cm,但在河流入湖口处和湖区南侧误差较大,且冰厚模拟数值在3月中旬前高估而之后有所低估.②青海湖多年平均冰厚介于32～37 cm,其中2008—2016年湖冰厚度年际变化剧烈,呈现先增大再稳定后减小的趋势.冻结初期湖冰厚度增长迅速,12月和1月湖冰增长速率分别为0.45和0.41 cm/d,2月后冰厚增长速率放缓,2月和3月分别为0.29和0.14 cm/d.③2000—2019年冰厚整体呈现北厚南薄、东厚西薄的空间格局,多年冰厚变化幅度湖区西部较东部稳定,湖冰平均厚度与完全封冻时长及封冻期呈正相关. 相似文献
4.
40 ka以来青藏高原的4次湖涨期及其形成机制初探 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
40 ka来青藏高原现在封闭湖区至少经历了4次显著的湖泊扩涨期. 40~28和9.0~
5.0 kaBP湖涨期是高原暖湿气候时段的产物, 分布范围最广, 湖涨最为显著; 其产生于岁差周期高太阳辐射阶段, 强劲的夏季风形成的丰沛降水是造成湖涨的主要原因. 40~28 kaBP湖涨期, 高原湖域浩瀚, 河湖串联, 湖泊呈现40 ka以来的最高最大湖面. 19~15和13~11 kaBP期间, 高原湖泊扩涨存在区域性, 前者同高原冷湿气候与季节性冰融水增加有关, 后者则与末次冰消期冰融水与夏季风降水增加有关. 造成湖涨期表现形式与环境机制复杂多样的原因, 是北方冷气候事件, 特别是Heinrich事件叠加在由岁差周期太阳辐射变化驱动的夏季风强弱变化背景之上, 高原阶段性冷湿与暖湿环境及其由此形成的高原冰融水阶段性增加的结果. 相似文献
5.
近30年来青藏高原羌塘地区东南部湖泊变化遥感分析 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
以多时相Landsat TM/ETM+影像、CBERSCCD影像和早期1∶10万地形图为数据源,选取羌塘高原东南部22个面积较大的湖泊作为研究对象,借鉴城市扩展研究的思路,引入变化强度指数和象限方位分析等方法,从面积、强度和空间分异特征等多个方面对该区湖泊近30年来的变化进行分析.结果表明,1975-2005年间研究区湖泊呈扩张趋势,总面积共扩大了1162.19km2;色林错扩张面积最多,达510.02km2,以北部扩张最为明显;国加轮湖扩张强度最大;造成区域内湖泊面积扩张的主要因素是冰雪融水量的增加、降水量的增多以及蒸发量的减少. 相似文献
6.
晚第四纪中亚高山湖泊的演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中亚晚第四纪商山湖泊的演化受到复杂的气候波动釤响，主要由水汽的变化、湖盆冰川作用和径流与 流址的变化而引起的。冷干条件伴随右融水补给的减少和湖退；暖湿条件引起了冰川的后退，增加了融水补给，引起湖进。分布于不同海抜高度的天山和帕米尔竑原地区的湖泊，普遍处于较干旱的环境中，通过对湖盆地貌学、冰川和湖泊沉积物的分布和成份的研究、以及对湖泊沉积物的孢粉分析和埋藏植物碎屑的l4C年代测定，可以里违晚贝新世以来益山湖泊的演化阶段和中亚高山区的古地理环堍。22000-17000a B.P.，天山查特尔库尔湖和帕米尔喀拉湖为外流淡水湖，面积超过目前的2-3倍。湖泊沉积物中孢粉以干草原植被为主，反映气候较暖湿。16000-11000a B.P.，冻川活动达到极盛，气候寒冷、干燥，湖泊干涸、消失。孢粉频率低，以旱生植物花粉为主。10000-8000a B.P.，温度、湿度提中湿植物和蒿属相对藜科增加，开始湖进。查特尔库尔湖水位较今高12m，面积超过现今3倍；8000—4000a B.P.，天山和东帕米尔的湖盆气侯相对暖湿。4000—3500a B.P.，气候变干，旱生植物花粉增加。3000a B.P.以来以气候干旱化为特征，植被以高山干草原和草原-荒漠为主。1500a B.P.以来气候更趋干早，干旱植物花粉增加，湖水位下降，一直持续至今。据历史和考古资料，公元14-16世纪天山气候暖干化，发生湖退；17—18世纪天山和帕米尔湿度增加，出现湖进。目前该地区湖水位普遍处于下降时期，仅若干冰融水补给湖泊有湖进的迹象。 相似文献
7.
基于EOS/MODIS数据的青海湖遥感监测 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
在二十世纪八十年代,NASA 开始设计地球观测系统(EOS),MODIS 数据是地球观测系统中很具特色的数据,在 TERRA 和 AQUA 卫星上均搭载有 MODIS 传感器．利用 MODIS 的较高的空间分辨率和光谱分辨率进行地球资源的监测 及预测、预报未来变化的研究是近几年热点的研究问题．本文介绍利用 EOS/MODIS 遥感数据进行湖泊水域计算机自动 识别及面积计算、湖水面温度反演、湖冰信息自动提取、湖泊封冻和解冻监测原理和方法,并以青海湖为例介绍了实际应 用情况． 相似文献
8.
长江中下游沿江城郊闸控湖泊普遍面临总磷浓度偏高的现象,解析其总磷时空变化特征及影响驱动机制成为精准治理与修复此类湖泊前亟待解决的关键性问题。本文基于安庆市沿江城郊中小型闸控湖泊--石塘湖实测气象降雨、水文、河湖水质等数据,采用多因子相关性分析、变异系数法和主成分分析的方法,研究各指标因子与湖泊总磷浓度时空变化的响应关系。结果表明:(1)湖泊水质呈现丰(5-8月)、平(3-4月和9-10月)、枯(11-次年2月)水期聚类效果显著,但湖泊空间差异不明显;湖泊水质的季节性变化受总磷浓度变化控制,其他理化指标影响较弱。(2)高强度降雨和汛期闸站调度下的水动力变化决定污染物迁移速率,是导致湖泊总磷浓度在丰水期更容易受入湖河流输入影响而达到峰值的主要驱动因子。(3)高强度人类活动导致入湖河流季节性输入是石塘湖总磷上升的决定性因素,从单位土地利用类型产生单位总磷负荷来看,农业用地远大于城镇建设用地,林地和草地充当污染物进入湖泊的预前“汇”。因此,从治理策略和途径来看,可在控制外源输入的同时,适当调节闸站以减弱丰水期水动力强度,减少入湖河流总磷输入影响的同时,发挥湖泊营养盐的滞留净化能力。本文主要从人类活动导致的外源污染及闸站抽排调度角度分析沿江城郊闸控湖泊石塘湖总磷变化、影响因素及驱动机制,可以为此类城郊中小型沿江闸控型湖泊污染治理提供理论参考。 相似文献
9.
全球变化下青藏高原湖泊在地表水循环中的作用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
青藏高原是地球上最重要的高海拔地区之一,对全球变化具有敏感响应.青藏高原作为"亚洲水塔",其地表水资源及其变化对高原本身及周边地区的经济社会发展具有重要的影响.然而,在气候变暖的情况下,构成高原地表水资源的各个组分,如冰川、湖泊、河流、降水等水体的相变及其转化却鲜为人知.湖泊是青藏高原地表水体相变和水循环的关键环节.湖泊面积、水位和水量对西风和印度季风的降水变化非常敏感,但湖泊面积和水量变化在不同区域和时段的响应也不尽相同.湖泊水温对气候变暖具有明显响应,湖泊水温和水下温跃层深度的变化能够对水—气的热量交换具有明显影响,从而影响了区域蒸发和降水等水循环过程.由于湖泊水量增加,高原中部色林错地区湖泊盐度自1970s以来普遍下降.根据60多个湖泊实地监测建立的遥感反演模型研究发现,2000—2019年湖泊透明度普遍升高.对不同补给类型的大湖水量平衡监测发现,影响湖泊变化的气象和水文要素具有较大差异.在目前的暖湿气候条件下,青藏高原的湖泊将会持续扩张.为了深入认识湖泊变化在青藏高原区域水循环和气候变化中的作用,需要全面了解湖泊水量赋存及连续的时间序列变化,需要深入了解湖泊理化参数变化及对湖泊大气之间热量交换的影响,需要更多来自大湖流域的综合连续观测数据. 相似文献
10.
湖泊沉积通量蕴含了流域降水量及人类活动的丰富信息.依据太白湖沉积岩芯210Pb定结果及CRS模式,建立了近百年来的沉积年代序列,对比分析了不同时期沉积通量变化与流域降水量及人类活动的关系.1900-1920、1928、1937-1942、1953-1954年沉积通量较高的四个时段,分别对应于夏季降水较多的1900-1920、1931、1938-1939、1954年,沉积通量增加主要与夏季降水量偏多,被带入湖泊的泥沙量增加有关.1958-1963年,太白湖流域上游兴建三座水库,对洪水及入湖泥沙起到了调蓄作用,自此之后,太白湖的平均沉积通量减小,降水量已不再是影响沉积通量的主导因素;1958-1970年沉积通量较高,主要是太白湖围垦导致的入湖泥沙量的增加及湖泊面积减小所致;1983-1993年沉积通量的增加则反映了农业生产方式由集体转为个体生产模式后,耕作业的快速发展所导致的水土流失的加重.研究结果证明,采用210Pb强度及CRS模式所建立的太白湖近百年来的沉积年代标尺精度较高(误差小于4年),太白湖沉积环境稳定,可采用其沉积指标进行流域及湖泊环境演化重建. 相似文献
11.
Lakes are a prominent geographic feature in northern landscapes and play an important role in understanding regional climate systems. In order to better model changes within climate systems, it is important to study lake ice processes. Although the availability of records for lake ice through ground measurements has declined in recent years, the increased use of remote sensing provides an alternative to this. Using a preclassified snow and ice remote sensing product with a 500‐m resolution, based on images from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS/MOD10A1), and the use of measured and reanalysis temperature data, this study evaluated lake ice phenology dates in connection to recent trends in temperature and 0 °C isotherms within Ontario and Manitoba between 2001 and 2014. Temperature trends indicated both regional warming and cooling, with significant cooling observed in Southern Ontario (p < .05) and significant warming in Southern Manitoba (p < .1) during the fall. Spatial analysis of the trends in the lake ice data showed significant clustering of significant trends in ice on dates (p < .01). When analysing the trends in ice phenology in connection to the trends in temperature, it was found that 70% of lakes experienced a change in the ice on date with the expected change in temperature and 85% of lakes for ice off date. When shifting ice on and ice off dates are investigated in relation to 0 °C isotherms, it was seen that 80% of ice on dates and 100% of ice off dates shifted in sync with the isotherm dates. This demonstrates that the ice phenology of lakes in Ontario and Manitoba, Canada, is responding to short‐term variability in temperature. The MODIS product could be used to investigate ice phenology on a large scale and contribute towards expanding existing records of ice phenology. Establishing long‐term ice records could be a valuable asset for other research ranging from water balance studies to the response of lake biota under changing climate. 相似文献
12.
Claude R. Duguay Greg M. Flato Martin O. Jeffries Patrick Mnard Kim Morris Wayne R. Rouse 《水文研究》2003,17(17):3465-3483
A one‐dimensional thermodynamic model for simulating lake‐ice phenology is presented and evaluated. The model can be driven with observed daily or hourly atmospheric forcing of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, cloud amount and snowfall. In addition to computing the energy balance components, key model output includes the temperature profile at an arbitrary number of levels within the ice/snow (or the water temperature if there is no ice) and ice thickness (clear ice and snow‐ice) on a daily basis, as well as freeze‐up and break‐up dates. The lake‐ice model is used to simulate ice‐growth processes on shallow lakes in arctic, sub‐arctic, and high‐boreal forest environments. Model output is compared with field and remote sensing observations gathered over several ice seasons. Simulated ice thickness, including snow‐ice formation, compares favourably with field measurements. Ice‐on and ice‐off dates are also well simulated when compared with field and satellite observations, with a mean absolute difference of 2 days. Model simulations and observations illustrate the key role that snow cover plays on the seasonal evolution of ice thickness and the timing of spring break‐up. It is also shown that lake morphometry, depth in particular, is a determinant of ice‐off dates for shallow lakes at high latitudes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
A. G. Rogozin 《Water Resources》2018,45(5):650-659
The article presents the first study of the long-term dynamics of ice phenomena in lakes of different landscape–climate zones in the Southern Urals. The overwhelming majority of lakes, whatever their typology and geographic occurrence, show a decrease in the duration of the period of ice phenomena at a longer open-water period because of the later freeze-up. The governing factor in the long-term dynamics of ice phenomena is the mean annual air temperature. The largest is the effect of the average air temperature in the freeze-up period (October–March). The morphometric, hydrological, and hydrochemical characteristics have no direct effect on the differences in the long-term dynamics of ice phenomena in individual lakes. These differences are determined by the landscape–climate zones. The difference between water bodies in urbanized landscapes and other water bodies is much greater than that between the lakes in natural landscape–climate zones. 相似文献
14.
Lake ice supports a range of socio‐economic and cultural activities including transportation and winter recreational actives. The influence of weather patterns on ice‐cover dynamics of temperate lakes requires further understanding for determining how changes in ice composition will impact ice safety and the range of ecosystem services provided by seasonal ice cover. An investigation of lake ice formation and decay for three lakes in Central Ontario, Canada, took place over the course of two winters, 2015–2016 and 2016–2017, through the use of outdoor digital cameras, a Shallow Water Ice Profiler (upward‐looking sonar), and weekly field measurements. Temperature fluctuations across 0°C promoted substantial early season white ice growth, with lesser amounts of black ice forming later in the season. Ice thickening processes observed were mainly through meltwater, or midwinter rain, refreezing on the ice surface. Snow redistribution was limited, with frequent melt events limiting the duration of fresh snow on the ice, leading to a fairly uniform distribution of white ice across the lakes in 2015–2016 (standard deviations week to week ranging from 3 to 5 cm), but with slightly more variability in 2016–2017 when more snow accumulated over the season (5 to 11 cm). White ice dominated the end‐of‐season ice composition for both seasons representing more than 70% of the total ice thickness, which is a stark contrast to Arctic lake ice that is composed mainly of black ice. This research has provided the first detailed lake ice processes and conditions from medium‐sized north‐temperate lakes and provided important information on temperate region lake ice characteristics that will enhance the understanding of the response of temperate lake ice to climate and provide insight on potential changes to more northern ice regimes under continued climate warming. 相似文献
15.
Effects of changing climate on ice cover in three morphometrically different lakes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 A one‐dimensional hydrodynamic lake model (DYRESM‐WQ‐I) is employed to simulate ice cover and water temperatures over the period 1911–2014. The effects of climate changes (air temperature and wind speed) on ice cover (ice‐on, ice‐off, ice cover duration, and maximum ice thickness) are modeled and compared for the three different morphometry lakes: Fish Lake, Lake Wingra, and Lake Mendota, located in Madison, Wisconsin, USA. It is found that the ice cover period has decreased due to later ice‐on dates and earlier ice‐off dates, and the annual maximum ice cover thickness has decreased for the three lakes during the last century. Based upon simulated perturbations of daily mean air temperatures across the range of ?10°C to +10°C of historical values, Fish Lake has the most occurrences of no ice cover and Lake Wingra still remains ice covered under extreme conditions (+10°C). Overall, shallower lakes with larger surface areas appear more resilient to ice cover changes caused by climate changes. 相似文献
16.
Sensitivity of physical lake processes to climate change within a large Precambrian Shield catchment 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Potential future changes in lake physical processes (e.g. stratification and freezing) can be assessed through exploring their sensitivity to climate change, and assessing the current vulnerability of different lake types to plausible changes in meteorological drivers. This study quantifies the impacts of climate change and sensitivity of lake physical processes within a large (5100 km2) Precambrian Shield catchment in south‐central Ontario. Historic regional relationships are established between climate drivers, lake morphology, and lake physical changes through generalized linear modelling (GLM), and are used to quantify likely changes in timing of ice phenology and lake stratification across 72 lakes under a range of future climate models and scenarios. In response to projections of increased temperature (ensemble mean of +3.3 °C), both earlier ice‐off and onset of summer stratification were projected, with later ice‐on and fall turnover compared to the baseline. Process sensitivity to climate change varied by lake type; shallower lakes with a smaller volume (less than 15 m deep and less than 0.05 km3) were more sensitive to processes associated with lake heating (stratification onset and ice‐off), and deeper lakes with a larger surface area (greater than 30 m deep and greater than 1000 ha) were more sensitive to processes associated with lake cooling (fall turnover and ice‐on). These results indicate that whereas small lakes are vulnerable to climate warming because of changes that occur in spring and summer, larger lakes are particularly sensitive during the fall. The findings suggest that lake morphology and associated sensitivity should be considered in the development of sustainable lake management strategies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
The results of studying the ice regime in Transbaikalian rivers and its dependence on climate change are given. The magnitudes of many-year changes in the dates begin and end of freeze-up period, its duration, and maximal ice thickness are determined. The dependence of major characteristics of ice regime on air temperature and river runoff is evaluated. 相似文献
18.
《水文科学杂志》2013,58(2)
Abstract In ice forecasting, a key problem is the forecast of freeze-up and break-up dates. Ice-water mechanics and the principle of heat-exchange were mainly adopted in previous research. However, the mathematical models in these studies are complex and many parameters are required in relation to upstream and/or downstream gauging stations. Moreover, too many assumptions or simplifications for these parameters and constraints directly lead to low accuracy of the models and limitations as to their practical applications. This paper develops a fuzzy optimization neural network approach for the forecast of freeze-up date and break-up date. The Inner Mongolia reach lies in the top north of the Yellow River, China. Almost every year ice floods occur because of its special geographical location, hydrometeorological conditions and river course characteristics. Therefore, it is of particular importance for ice flood prevention to forecast freeze-up date and break-up date accurately. A case study in this region shows that the proposed methodology may allow obtaining useful results. 相似文献
19.
《Limnologica》2020
Changes in the ice phenology, seasonal temperature and extreme events are consistent evidence of climate change effect on lakes. In this study, we analyzed multiannual variability, determined long-term trends and detected changes in the frequency of extreme events in the surface water temperature (LSWT) of Lake Peipsi (Estonia/Russia) for nearly seven decades (1950-2018) and aimed to trace how the LSWT responded to the climate change. Dynamic water temperature parameters were calculated using the smoothed water temperature curve fitted to daily water temperatures. Our results showed that, although the average LSWT did not increase significantly on an annual basis since 1950 it rose rapidly in the winter season during the last decade (∼ +0.5 °C). Ice formation exhibited a marked (∼15 days) delay since 2007 resulting in a longer open water period. Extreme LSWT events did not occur more frequently. We noticed however significant fluctuating in winter LSWT in time series, starting from 2007 and also causing an increase in stochasticity. The consequences of the on-going winter warming and changes of ice cover phenology are expected to be crucial for Lake Peipsi ecosystem functioning and impact on lake biota, especially temperature-sensitive native fishes. 相似文献