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１９９５年１０月７日印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛７．０级地震概况１９９５年１０月７日在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛占碑省的葛林芝火山地区发生一次强烈地震，造成生命和财产的重大损失．据报道，这是该地区自１９０９年６月３日７．６级地震以来发生的最大的一次地震。１．震源参... 相似文献
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１９９５年７月１２日中缅边境７．３级地震概况１９９５年７月１２日在云南省孟连县中缅边境发生强烈地震，造成生命财产重大损失。１．震源参数（１）发震时间１９９５年７月１１日格林尼治时间２１时４６分；北京时间７月１２日０５时４６分。（２）震级我国地震台网测... 相似文献
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张相民 《地震地磁观测与研究》1994,15(4):16-21
根据古堡－里克特＜＜全球地震活动性＞＞一书未公开发表的手稿记录的１９０２年新疆喀什地震与１９０６年玛纳斯地震震级资料，严格地按照古登保震级计算公式和程序，对这两次地震震级进行了复算，并指出现今所公开发表的强震目录中其震级间差异的原因。认为：１９０２年８月２２日新疆喀什地震震级取ＭＳ＝８ １／４，１９０６年１２月２３日玛纳斯地震震级取ＭＳ＝７．９较为合适。 相似文献
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在１９９５年１月１７日灾难性的神户７．２级地震之前，在震中附近两口井流出的地下水中氯离子和硫酸根离子的浓度发生了变化。测量的样品是抽取的瓶装地下水，这些水是１９９３年到１９９５年４月在国内市场上销售的饮用水。 相似文献
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１９８９年１０月１８日大同－阳高６．１级地震８度区、７度区与该地区１９９１年３月２６日５．８级地震７度区，６度区大致重合。根据抽样调查资料，计算出６．１级地震８度区在７度，７度区在６度情况下的破坏程度及经济损失，与５．８级地震７度区、６度区进行比较，得出由于５．８级地震时新建房屋抗震性能好减少了损失，因而获得很好的经济效益的结论。 相似文献
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１９９５年７月１２日中缅边境７．３级地震预报成功１９９５年７月１２日０５时４６分在云南省孟连县中缅边境发生７．３级地震，震中（北纬２２．０度，东经９９．３度）距中国边界１０公里。这次地震受灾地区达５个县（孟连、勤海、西盟、澜沧、沧源）３３个乡，２００... 相似文献
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大震前地震波频谱异常特征的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文使用数字地震记录，用相关函数谱分析方法计算功率谱，对１９８９年１月至１９９０年７月发生在唐山地区的２０个地震、１９８８年７月至１８９９年１０月发生在大同周围地区１０个地震及１９８９年２月至１９９０年１２月发生在常熟地区的２５个地震的Ｐ、Ｓ波谱进行了分析，从而对１９９０年７月２３日唐山ＭＬ＝４．９地震、１９８９年１０月１９日大同ＭＬ＝６．１地震及１９９０年２月９日常熟ＭＬ＝５．５地震前Ｐ、Ｓ波频 相似文献
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１９８９年１０月１８日大同－阳高６．１级地震８度区、７度区与该地区１９９１年３月２６日５．８级地震７度区，６度区大致重合，根据抽样调查资料，计算出６．１级地震８度区在７度，７度区在６度情况下的破坏程度及经济损失，与５．８级地震７度区，６度区进行比较，得出由于５．８级地震时新建房屋抗震性能减少了损失，因而获得很好的经济效益的结论。 相似文献
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A study on the treatment of antifouling paint waste from shipyards, including sandblast waste and ship hull washing wastewater, was performed. The sandblast waste could be effectively detoxified by heat treatment, and the efficiency was affected by the temperature of the heating vessel and treatment time. The removal efficiency of total organotin compounds from the sandblast waste was over 99% at 1000 °C and treatment for 1 h. For the treatment of ship hull washing wastewater by the solvent extraction, ship diesel was a good solvent for the tributyltin (TBT) extraction, and the proper amount of solvent was about 10 mL for TBT extraction from 1 L of wastewater. The extraction efficiency of TBT was significantly affected by the agitation intensity. The TBT in the wash wastewater was rapidly extracted within 1 h. The level of the TBT residual in the wastewater extracted for 1 h was 2.8 μg L−1, and this was further decreased to 0.8 after 5 h extraction. 相似文献
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The effects of Cu, Cd, Zn and Cr on the survival and feeding behaviour of the sandy shore scavenging gastropod Nassarius festivus were compared. The 96-h LC50 for Cu, Cd, Zn and Cr were 0.36, 1.52, 1.76 and 36.9 mg l−1, respectively. Four sublethal concentrations of each metal plus a control were prepared and the snails were exposed to experimental solutions for 96 h. Feeding behaviour was studied after the snails were starved for five days. As compared with the control, the number of individuals feeding was significantly reduced by exposure to 0.05 mg l−1 Cu, 0.2 mg l−1 Zn, 0.5 mg l−1 Cd and 5 mg l−1 Cr. The time spent feeding was greater for individuals exposed to greater concentrations of Zn and Cd but no effect was found for Cu and Cr. Chemoreception of food was studied by placing the snails at a fixed distance of 15 cm from the bait. The success rate of reaching the bait was less for individuals exposed to Cr but no effect was found for Zn, Cu or Cd. The time required for an individual to reach the bait decreased as the concentration of Zn increased. In contrast, a longer time was required for individuals exposed to Cr whereas the effect of Cd and Cu was insignificant. The potential of using feeding behaviour and chemoreception in contaminant evaluations is discussed. 相似文献
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Gopalakrishnan Saranya Panneerselvam Saravanan Mahendradas Dharmendira Kumar Sahadevan Renganathan 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(3):283-288
The percentage removal and uptake capacity of Basic Violet 14 using Hydrilla verticillata with living biomass was studied under batch conditions. The survival of H. verticillata was studied using the chlorophyll content in the living biomass. Bioaccumulation of Basic Violet 14 using H. verticillata was tested by varying the wet sorbent dosage (0.5–2.5 g), initial pH (3–8), and initial dye concentrations (5–25 mg L?1). The results show that the plant was effectively accumulating the Basic Violet 14 dye. The uptake capacity of Basic Violet 14 dye was observed as 5.9 and 21.3 mg g?1 at the initial dye concentration of 5 and 25 mg L?1, respectively, for a biomass of 5 g L?1 (wet weight) at pH 7.0 for 144 h. In general, the plant growth was found to be normal at lower concentrations and showed higher removal efficiency. It was also observed that removal efficiency of H. verticillata was found to decrease with increase in initial dye concentration. The biomass sample surface was analyzed using SEM imaging and functional groups present in the biomass were analyzed using FTIR. The equilibrium uptake capacity was analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The equilibrium data was found to be fit well to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models with higher coefficient of determination. 相似文献
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基于SWAT模型的淮河上游流域设计洪水修订 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
变化环境下洪水序列的一致性遭到破坏,引发基于统计原理计算的设计洪水可靠性下降,亟需开展非一致性条件下的设计洪水修订研究.以淮河上游流域为研究区域,运用Pettitt检验法和滑动t检验法综合检测年最大洪峰流量序列突变点,在此基础上,采用SWAT分布式水文模型对变异前的洪峰与洪量序列进行还现,利用径流深的模拟结果修订设计洪水,并对修订后的洪水序列进行频率分析.结果表明:(1)淮河上游息县和淮滨站年最大洪峰流量呈现不显著的减小趋势,王家坝站则表现出不显著增加趋势,1991年为各站年最大洪峰流量序列的突变点;(2) 3个水文站率定期和验证期的确定性系数(R2)和Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数(NSE)均满足适用性要求,其中流域出口王家坝站率定期R2、NSE分别为0.77和0.79、验证期分别为0.72和0.74,模拟精度较高;(3)淮河上游流域洪水设计值较修订前略有减小,其中,洪峰流量减小幅度平均值在3.3%～6.1%之间,淮滨站的减小幅度最大;不同时段洪量的减小幅度平均值在1.4%～2.7%之间,整体修订幅度小于洪峰流量的修订幅度,并且洪量的时段越长,修订幅度越小;随着重现期的增大,各洪水指标的修订幅度逐渐减小.本研究对于变化环境下的淮河流域水利工程规划和防洪减灾具有重要意义. 相似文献
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探究鱼类繁殖策略是了解鱼类种群动态的关键.通过对珠江西江流域重要的经济鱼类广东鲂(Megalobrama terminalis)生殖周期、产卵时间、成熟期长度、生殖力类型和生殖力等方面进行研究,阐明在人类活动日益加强下,西江广东鲂的繁殖策略适应性变化情况.研究表明,广东鲂个体平均体长245 mm,优势体长集中在260~280 mm,平均体重347 g,优势体重集中在320~480 g.用L 50逻辑斯谛回归方法推算广东鲂雌鱼和雄鱼初次性成熟体长分别为244.5和232.2 mm.雌雄性比例为1.105∶1,且随着体长增加,雌雄性比呈现出先下降后上升的变化趋势.广东鲂繁殖群体在产卵季节为48月,产卵高峰为6月初持续到7月上旬,产卵季节内广东鲂鱼苗的密度与径流量显著相关.广东鲂绝对繁殖力平均为73069粒,相对繁殖力平均为118.7粒/g,绝对繁殖力与体长和体重均呈正相关.广东鲂繁殖群体性腺成熟系数与性腺重、肥满度以及体重密切相关.广东鲂种群繁殖策略在人类活动加剧影响下呈现出适应性变化:初次性成熟体长变小,绝对繁殖力下降. 相似文献
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Recep Akkaya 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(11):1257-1264
In the present study, a novel adsorbent, poly (2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate‐hydroxyapatite) [P(HEMA‐Hap)], was prepared and characterized. The synthesis was achieved by means of free‐radical polymerization and a number of structural characterization methods, including FT‐IR, XRD, TGA, SEM, BET‐porosity, and swelling tests. Pb2+ adsorption was performed using a series of pH, time, and temperature ranges. The reusability of the composite was also tested. The results obtained indicated that the novel adsorbent is able to bind Pb2+ ions with strong chemical affinity. The adsorption results were fitted to the classic Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) sorption models. Thermodynamic parameters obtained demonstrated that the sorption process was spontaneous (ΔG < 0), endothermic (ΔH > 0), as expected. The process was also consistent with the pseudo‐second‐order model, and chemical adsorption was determined to be the rate‐controlling step. It was also shown that the composite could be used for five consecutive adsorption processes. 相似文献
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Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat Hanafiah Haslizaidi Zakaria Wan Saime Wan Ngah 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2010,38(3):248-256
The adsorption of Ni(II) from aqueous solutions using base treated cogon grass or Imperata cylindrica (NHIC) was performed under batch and column modes. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the factors affecting adsorption such as pH, adsorbent dosage, initial nickel concentration, contact time and temperature. The fixed‐bed column experiment was performed to determine the practical applicability of NHIC and to obtain the breakthrough curve. Adsorption was fast as equilibrium was achieved within 60 min, and was best described by the pseudo second order model. According to the Langmuir model, a maximum adsorption capacity of 6.96 mg/g was observed at pH 5 and at a temperature of 313 K. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG0, ΔH0 and ΔS0 were calculated, and indicated that adsorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process. The mechanistic pathway of Ni(II) uptake was examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The Thomas and Yoon‐Nelson models were used to analyze the fixed‐bed column data. 相似文献
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Matthias Koschorreck Katrin Wendt-Potthoff Burkhard Scharf Hans H. Richnow 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008
The biogeochemistry of methane in the sediments of Lake Caviahue was examined by geochemical analysis, microbial activity assays and isotopic analysis. The pH in the water column was 2.6 and increased up to a pH of 6 in the deeper sediment pore waters. The carbon isotope composition of CH4 was between − 65 and − 70‰ which is indicative for the biological origin of the methane. The enrichment factor ε increased from − 46‰ in the upper sediment column to more than − 80 in the deeper sediment section suggesting a transition from acetoclastic methanogenesis to CO2 reduction with depth. In the most acidic surface layer of the sediment (pH < 4) methanogenesis is inhibited as suggested by a linear CH4 concentration profile, activity assays and MPN analysis. The CH4 activity assays and the CH4 profile indicate that methanogenesis in the sediment of Lake Caviahue was active below 40 cm depth. At that depth the pH was above 4 and sulfate reduction was sulfate limited. Methane was diffusing with a flux of 0.9 mmol m− 2 d− 1 to the sediment surface where it was probably oxidized. Methanogenesis contributed little to the sediments carbon budget and had no significant impact on lake water quality. The high biomass content of the sediment, which was probably caused by the last eruption of Copahue Volcano, supported high rates of sulfate reduction which probably raised the pH and created favorable conditions for methanogens in deeper sediment layers. 相似文献
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A trophic model for the Danshuei River Estuary, a hypoxic estuary in northern Taiwan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Lin HJ Shao KT Jan RQ Hsieh HL Chen CP Hsieh LY Hsiao YT 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(11):1789-1800
The estuary of the Danshuei River, a hypoxic subtropical estuary, receives a high rate of untreated sewage effluent. The Ecopath with Ecosim software system was used to construct a mass-balanced trophic model for the estuary, and network analysis was used to characterize the structure and matter flow in the food web. The estuary model was comprised of 16 compartments, and the trophic levels varied from 1.0 for primary producers and detritus to 3.0 for carnivorous and piscivorous fishes. The large organic nutrient loading from the upper reaches has resulted in detritivory being more important than herbivory in the food web. The food-chain length of the estuary was relatively short when compared with other tropical/subtropical coastal systems. The shortness of food-chain length in the estuary could be attributed to the low biomass of the top predators. Consequently, the trophic efficiencies declined sharply for higher trophic levels due to low fractions of flows to the top predators and then high fractions to detritus. The low biomass of the top predators in the estuary was likely subject to over-exploitation and/or hypoxic water. Summation of individual rate measurements for primary production and respiration yielded an estimate of −1791 g WW m−2 year−1, or −95 g C m−2 year−1, suggesting a heterotrophic ecosystem, which implies that more organic matter was consumed than was produced in the estuary. 相似文献
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荧光光谱分析技术具有灵敏度高、检测快速等优点,三维荧光光谱提供的指纹荧光信息比普通荧光光谱更丰富,选择性更好,在多组分分离上更具优势.离散三维活体荧光光谱法通过提取水体蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻、甲藻和隐藻5个门类藻类荧光光谱的指纹特征,分类测量藻类叶绿素a浓度,经过加和得到总的水体叶绿素a浓度.将基于该方法研制的三维荧光光谱水体藻类原位测量仪用于太湖水体叶绿素a浓度的测定,并与YSI多参数水质检测仪、BBE藻类现场分析仪、分光光度法等测定结果对比,结果表明:该方法与分光光度法间无显著性差异,与分光光度法、BBE法间的相关性好,相关系数达0.96以上,精密度、准确率优于基于普通荧光法的原位测量仪,是一种快速有效的原位测量方法. 相似文献