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用经验格林函数法和随机方法模拟卢龙地震的比较 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在介绍用经验格林函数方法和随机方法模拟地震动的基础上,分别用这两种方法模拟了卢龙5．7级地震。模拟结果表明,用经验格林函数方法模拟地震动的结果与地震记录符合得很好。用随机方法模拟地震动在高频部分与地震动记录符合得比较好,而在中、低频部分符合得不太好。两种方法比较,经验格林函数方法模拟的结果更符合实际记录。但随机方法具有计算简单、无需小震记录的优点,因此发展随机的方法是有意义的。随机方法中中、低频部分不太符合的原因是随机方法中的很多经验关系是在美国大陆得到的。因此建议加强对中国大陆经验关系的研究,并把中国大陆的经验关系加入到随机方法中,使随机的方法成为中国大陆普适的模拟地震动的方法。 相似文献
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基于声波方程扩充的哈密尔顿系统,本文给出了空间精度为八阶的近似解析离散化(NAD)保辛分部Runge-Kutta方法,简称八阶NSPRK方法。该方法采用八阶精度的近似解析离散算子近似空间高阶偏微分算子,并使用二阶精度的辛分部Runge-Kutta方法进行时间离散。我们从理论和数值计算两个方面研究了八阶NSPRK方法的稳定性条件和数值频散关系,并同四阶NSPRK方法、八阶Lax-Wendroff(LWC)方法和八阶交错网格(SG)方法进行了比较。结果表明八阶NSPRK方法压制数值频散的能力显著优于传统数值计算方法。与四阶NSPRK方法和传统四阶辛格式(SPRK)方法相比,八阶NSPRK方法具有最小的数值误差和最高的计算效率:在达到同样消除数值频散的前提下,八阶NSPRK方法的计算速度约为四阶NSPRK方法的2.5倍、为四阶SPRK方法的3.4倍;八阶NSPRK方法的存储量仅为四阶NSPRK方法的47.17%、为四阶SPRK方法的49.41%。在双层介质、非均匀介质和Marmousi等复杂速度模型中,八阶NSPRK方法模拟得到的波场快照非常清晰,无可见数值频散。这些结果表明,八阶NSPRK方法在粗网格条件下能有效地压制数值频散,从而能够极大地节省计算内存,提高计算速度。总体而言,八阶NSPRK方法是一种在地震探测领域和地震学研究中有着巨大应用潜力的数值计算方法。 相似文献
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依据标贯击数进行液化判别的方法,国外以NCEER推荐方法(改进Seed法)为代表,国内以《水利水电工程地质勘察规范》(GB50487-2008)和《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2010)为代表。NCEER方法与国内规范方法所依据的地震液化现场调查资料不同,采用的液化判据、反映震级影响的方法和考虑黏粒含量影响的方法也不同。将NCEER方法以液化临界标贯击数与深度的变化曲线表示,并将其与国内规范方法确定的液化临界标贯击数随深度的变化曲线进行比较。结果表明,在相同烈度下:近震时,国内规范方法偏于安全;远震时,对于7.5级以下地震,国内规范方法偏于安全;对于7.5~8.5级地震,在一定加速度(烈度)下,NCEER方法与国内规范方法计算液化临界标贯击数接近,某些加速度(烈度)下NCEER方法偏于安全,某些加速度(烈度)下国内规范方法偏于安全。研究成果可为《水工建筑物抗震设计规范》的修订提供参考。 相似文献
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等效力控制方法在拟动力试验中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了避免用复杂的迭代求解拟动力试验隐式逐步积分方法的非线性运动方程,作者提出了一种用反馈控制求解的方法—等效力控制方法。这篇文章首先介绍等效力控制方法的原理;然后通过数值模拟和试验验证此方法的有效性。数值模拟和试验的结果都表明,当选用合理的等效力控制器参数时,此方法可以取得非常好的稳定性和精度。数值模拟的结果还表明尽管等效力控制方法是以力作为反馈控制的对象,此方法能有效完成对具有负刚度试件的加载。 相似文献
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基于两阶段稳定图的随机子空间识别结构模态参数 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
基于振动的结构健康监测的前提是从振动测试信号中提取结构模态参数。随机子空间方法是近年来发展起来的一种线性系统辨识方法,可以有效地从环境激励的结构响应信号中提取结构模态参数。在随机子空间识别方法中,确定系统的阶数是该方法的关键工作,稳定图方法是一种比较新颖的确定系统阶次的方法。但是随机子空间方法容易产生虚假模态,这也是随机子空间方法的一个主要缺陷。因此针对于这一缺陷提出了一种基于两阶段稳定图的随机子空间识别结构模态参数方法,该方法的基本思想是将在现场采集的结构的输出信号进行分段,将各段信号用随机子空间结合稳定图进行识别,然后将所有各段所识别的模态参数再一次用稳定图方法进行分析,得出结构的模态参数。最后用一三跨连续梁的数值模型对该方法进行验证,结果表明该方法具有良好的识别效果。 相似文献
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针对地下结构抗震分析中应用广泛的波动方法与振动方法,从物理方程和有限元格式出发,明确了两种方法的区别与联系。通过标准数值试验,证明了振动方法是波动方法采用下卧刚性基岩假设和地层水平无限延伸假设,仅考虑SV波垂直向上入射的一种特例。采用波动方法模拟弹性地基,对比振动方法结果,表明弹性地基和刚性地基上地表位移响应和隧道结构内力响应均有显著差异。建议应根据具体场地条件,选择振动或波动方法进行地下结构抗震设计研究。 相似文献
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随机子空间方法在桥塔模态参数识别中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于环境振动的结构模态参数识别方法正逐渐成为国内外研究的一大热点。环境振动方法就是仅仅利用结构测试的输出信号进行结构的模态参数识别,随机子空间方法就是其中的一种。随机子空间法是近年来发展起来的一种线性系统辩识方法,可以有效地从环境激励的结构响应中获取模态参数。它属于时域的方法,该方法不需要进行FFT变换,它不仅可以识别结构的频率,而且可以识别结构的阻尼和振型。文章首先介绍了随机子空间的理论,然后用该方法对正在施工中的南京长江三桥的南塔进行模态参数识别,通过与其他方法的识别结果进行比较,证明随机子空间方法不失为一种有效的模态参数识别方法。 相似文献
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本文使用地震模式识别应用程序包—简称“PR” 程序包(the packageof program-to apple algorithms of pattern recognition)提供的CORA-3修改方法和Hamming方法,对北京及其邻近地区的地质、地貌和地球物理资料进行了新的研究。得到的结果如下:北京及其邻近地区M≥6.0级地震的震中主要分布在自新生代以来活动断裂(特别是主活动断裂)的交汇带内,新生代断陷盆地和新生代断陷盆地与平原或山区的接触地带。 本文对同一组资料用CORA-3方法、CORA-3修改方法、Hamming方法和加权Hamming方法的识别分类结果进行了比较。其中加权Hamming方法识别分类效果最好,CORA-3修改方法次之,Hamming方法和CORA-3方法更次之。 CORA-3方法可以通过识别的示性特征给出震中地区的地质背景及其相应的图象。Hamming方法计算简便、节约机时和内存,而且识别分类效果就本文而言,加权Hamming方法还略好于CORA-3修改方法。 相似文献
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Stream-aquifer interaction has been the subject of much research for cases of good hydraulic connection (continuous saturated zone) between a river and an aquifer. Under these conditions, floods do not represent a very large net input to the aquifer because most of the water that enters the aquifer during the flood returns to the river when its stage recedes. The situation is different in disconnected stream-aquifer systems, where the streambed lies above the water level in the aquifer, thus preventing return flow from the aquifer. Under these conditions, floods may represent large, but hard to quantify, water inputs. Here, we present a methodology to estimate recharge from floods for disconnected stream-aquifer systems. Recharge is estimated as the product of a flood time function (dependent on the streamflow) and an unknown factor, which is obtained from calibrating a ground water flow model to aquifer heads. The approach can also benefit from concentration data, which can be very informative when river water concentrations vary over time. This methodology is applied to a field situation where recharge from river flooding is found to amount to nearly 15 million m(3)/year on the average, which represents 40% of the total aquifer inputs. Recharge from flooding helps explain major head recoveries, suggesting that basin water management programs should allow some floods to occur. 相似文献
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Morphological features of braided rivers (bars, channels and pools) experience major changes in area, shape and spatial distribution as a response to (i) the pulsation of discharge during a flood and (ii) the bed evolution induced by floods. In this work, at‐a‐station relationships between water level and planform configuration were investigated on the Tagliamento River, a large gravel‐bed braided river in northeast Italy, over a 2‐year study period comprising three bankfull events and several small‐to‐medium floods. The analysis was performed on two 1‐km‐long reaches, characterized by different riparian vegetation cover. Ground‐based images with an hourly temporal resolution were acquired using software‐controlled, digital cameras. Bars, channels, pools and vegetated patches were manually digitized on more than 100 rectified images. Sequences of constant‐level images spanning the study period were used to quantify the impact of floods on the stability of at‐a‐station relationships and on the turnover rate of water bodies. The analysis shows that wetted area increased almost linearly with water level in both reaches. The average number of branches per cross‐section peaked at intermediate flow levels, increasing from 2 at low flow up to 6–7. The number of branches displayed the largest fluctuations over time, with significant changes produced also by moderate floods. Turnover rates were high in both reaches, with more than 30% of wetted areas at low flow converting into bare gravel in less than 2 months. Vegetation colonization was found to limit the mobility of the low flow channels over time by concentrating the flow in fewer, deeper anabranches. The number of channels per cross‐section was 30–40% less in the vegetated reach and the proportion of low flow water bodies in the same position after 12 months increased from 3% to 14%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Jean‐Baptiste Charlier Roger Moussa Pierre‐Yann David Jean‐Franois Desprats 《水文研究》2019,33(17):2337-2354
The aim of this paper is to quantify peakflow attenuation and/or amplification in a river, investigating lateral flow from the intermediate catchment during floods. This is a challenge for the study of the hydrological response of permeable/intermittent streams, and our contribution refers to a modelling framework based on the inverse problem for the diffusive wave model applied in a karst catchment. Knowing the upstream and downstream hydrographs on a reach between two stations, we can model the lateral one, given information on the hydrological processes involved in the intermediate catchment. The model is applied to 33 flood events in the karst reach of the Iton River in French Normandy where peakflow attenuation is observed. The monitored zone consists of a succession of losing and gaining reaches controlled by strong surface‐water/groundwater (SW/GW) interactions. Our results show that despite a high baseflow increase in the reach, peakflow is attenuated. Model application shows that the intensity of lateral outflow for the flood component is linked to upstream discharge. A combination of river loss and overbank flow for highest floods is proposed for explaining the relationships. Our approach differentiates the role of outflow (river loss and overbank flow) and that of wave diffusion on peakflow attenuation. Based on several sets of model parameterization, diffusion is the main attenuation process for most cases, despite high river losses of up to several m3/s (half of peakflow for some parameterization strategies). Finally, this framework gives new insight into the SW/GW interactions during floods in karst basins, and more globally in basins characterized by disconnected river‐aquifer systems. 相似文献
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水位波动对长江中下游湖泊湖滨带底质环境的影响 总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1
以长江中下游湖泊为对象,研究了水位波动对湖滨带底质环境的影响.结果表明,底质环境参数沿高程梯度变化明显.底质含水率沿高程梯度增加而减小,pH值沿高程梯度变化不大,有机质、总氮和总磷沿高程梯度呈先增大后减小的趋势.底质环境参数的季节变化也较大.分析表明,水位波动幅度、淹没深度、高水位持续时间等对湖滨带底质环境有较大影响.在中等波动幅度下,底质参数沿高程的变异系数最大,表明此时湖滨带底质异质性较高.夏季湖滨带淹没时间越长、淹没深度越大,底质养分流失越快.高水位持续时间越长,底质pH值变化就越大、营养盐流失越快.本研究结果可为湖滨带生态修复及管理提供依据. 相似文献
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Abstract River flow conditions in many watersheds of Iceland are particularly disturbed during winter by the formation, drifting and accumulation of river ice, whose impact on water encroachment and extent of inundations is not reflected in the discharge records. It is therefore necessary to use river discharge with great caution when assessing the magnitude of past inundations in Iceland, and to give attention to other flood magnitude parameters. A GIS-based methodology is presented that focuses on inundation extent as an alternative parameter for the assessment and ranking of the magnitude of past flooding events in the Ölfusá-Hvítá basin, known as one of the most dangerous flood-prone river complexes in Iceland. Relying ultimately on a macro-scale grid, the method enabled the reconstruction of the extent of inundations, the delineation of the flood plain, and, finally, some estimation of the likelihood of flooding of exposed areas that include marine submergences and river floods for both open water and ice conditions. Citation Pagneux, E., Gísladóttir, G. & Snorrason, Á. (2010) Inundation extent as a key parameter for assessing the magnitude and return period of flooding events in southern Iceland. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(5), 704–716. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTWith the rapid economic development and urbanization in Taihu Basin (eastern China), the river system has decayed and the connectivity of rivers and lakes has weakened, resulting in frequent floods. The impact of changes in river system structure on hydrological processes in the plain river network area was analysed against a background of urbanization. An indicator system was built to describe the quantitative, morphological and spatial structure of the river system. Analysis of the change in annual average and extreme water levels revealed the influencing mechanism of the changes in river system structure on the hydrological processes. The results indicate a decreasing tendency in the density of the river system in the study area, with a reduction in water surface ratio by about 20% in the past 50 years. Since the 1960s, the maximum and annual average water levels have increased. The degree of change in the mean monthly, annual lowest and annual highest water levels was great, with that in the non-flood season being higher than in the flood season. The decrease in the number of rivers directly reduced the storage and adjustable capacity of the basin. 相似文献
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平原河网多存在河道流动性不强,河道生态流速难以保障的问题,以典型平原河网地区——宁波市海曙区为例,开展野外原型同步监测,以河道分流比、换水率及槽蓄量为研究对象,系统分析引调水工程对河网水动力的调控效果.结果表明:平原河网水动力改善效果与引排水口分布、引水流量密切相关,为保证河网区水体交换良好,引排水口的连线应尽可能贯通整个区域;平原河网换水率在空间分布上具有很强的异质性(4种调水方案下河道换水率极差,最大为190%,最小为75%),引调水工程能够改善分流能力大的支汊的水动力特征,对分流能力小的支汊及断头河的水动力状况帮助不大;河网换水率提高、槽蓄量变化率减小是区域水动力改善的必要条件,海曙区较小的槽蓄量变化率为0.2%左右.本研究分析了河网区的河道输水能力以及换水率,对优化河网概化密度以减小模拟偏差有参考意义,为进一步探究平原河网水动力改善促进水环境质量提升提供基础,利于特殊水动力特征河道治理和区域水环境管控. 相似文献
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S. N. Rajaguru Avijit Gupta V. S. Kale Sheila Mishra R. K. Ganjoo L. L. Ely Yahouda Enzel V. R. Baker 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1995,20(5):407-421
The 1300 km long Narmada River flows along a structural lineament, alternating between constricting rocky gorges and rapids, and meandering wide alluvial reaches. Channel forms and processes were studied in a 120 km long section of an alluvial reach. Channel size, shape and bedforms in the Narmada River are related to very large floods which have occurred three times in this century. During such floods the entire 400 m wide channel is utilized and 10–15 m high cliffs on both sides operate as riverbanks. Normally, even the high flows of the south-western monsoon are insufficient to fill the whole channel, and hence their effects are limited to building of discontinuous floodplains between the cliffs and modifying bedforms and bars. A channel-in-channel topography is thus created. The very large floods are also responsible for erosion of the rocky stretches and building of point bars. The river meanders, but its movement is restricted because of (1) rocky gorges and scablands operating as anchor points at intervals, and (2) the presence of high alluvial cliffs which are topped on extremely rare occasions. In spite of being located in a tectonically active zone in a monsoon setting, it is the exceptional high-magnitude floods at irregular intervals which control the form and behaviour of the Narmada River. 相似文献
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《Water Policy》2001,3(1):101-107
An attempt has been made to study the occurrence of floods in the two important river systems of north India, viz. Brahmaputra and Ganga. Both these river systems are located north of Lat. 22°N and lie in the longitudinal belt of north India from Long. 73°E to 97°E. Both these river systems are affected by floods during monsoon months of June–September. It has been seen after examining rainfall and floods of the period 1986–1999 that although variation of monsoon rainfall magnitudes received by these two basins differ considerably in each monsoon season, but by and large, the frequency of floods at their terminal gauge/discharge (G/D) sites at Dhubri and Farakka do not differ very much from each other. 相似文献