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地震地质、深部结构与构造物理专题在会前收到来自中国地震局系统8个单位的论文摘要共17篇。来自中国地震局地球物理所、地震预测所、地壳应力所、地质所、地球物理勘探中心、江苏省地震局、厦门地震勘测研究中心、吉林省地震局等单位的地震地质、深部构造与构造物理等分会的十几名学者参加了专题讨论。会上就“华北地区噪声层析成像研究”、 相似文献
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地震层析成像对地球科学的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地震层析成像预示着地球科学的一场革命。它在地质界已有深远的影响，且将继续影响地球科学将来的发展。本文回顾了层析成像研究的最新成果，其中包括了层析方法的进展。层析成像在认识板块俯冲和岩浆弧机理、强震震源区的结构和过程以及地球深部构造和动力学方面都极为成功。 相似文献
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经典的地震层析成像假定介质为各向同性,通过走时反演确定地球介质的非均匀结构,得到的仅是近似地球模型。如果各向异性较强时,应用基于各向同性假设的层析成像算法,可能导致错误的结果。非均匀与各向异性效应是耦合的,如果仅考虑非均匀效应则各向异性结构可能映射到非均匀结构中造成非均匀速度结构的误差,反之亦然。因此,高分辨率的走时层析成像必须同时考虑非均匀和各向异性两种效应。同时反演非均匀和各向异性结构(即各向异性层析成像),不仅可以获得可靠的各向同性速度结构,同时可以确定各向异性结构。相对于S波偏振分析,体波走时方法基于不同的数据集,能提供独立的地震各向异性观测证据。利用地震走时层析成像方法同时研究介质的非均匀性和各向异性,对于认识地球的结构及动力学过程都具有非常重要的意义。 相似文献
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自层析成像被引入到研究地球内部结构以来,地震层析成像发展迅速,现已成为研究地球深部结构的有效方法之一。按层析成像的理论依据,可以把地震层析成像分为射线层析成像和有限频层析成像。本文旨在掌握一种有限频灵敏度算核的计算方法,进而构建有限频层析成像的反演计算,并用有限频层析成像的方法研究华北克拉通上地幔的速度结构及其动力学意义。 相似文献
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近震层析成像的理论及应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地震层析成像是 2 0世纪 70年代末以来随着地震反演理论的发展、地震观测资料的积累和计算机技术的飞速进步而发展起来的地球物理学的前沿学科 ,2 0多年来在该领域取得了许多重要的成果。为了解这个我们赖以生存的星球 ,如同对地球进行透射似的地震层析成像技术 ,给出了关键的地球内部的三维结构的图像 ,为地球深部构造和深部动力学过程的研究开创了新的篇章。它已成为地学研究中的一项重要手段而得到日趋广泛的应用。本文对近震层析成像技术的理论与方法进行了详细的分析和研究 ;对近震成像技术中的各个重要步骤展开讨论 ,如地球三维结构的… 相似文献
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用地质地球物理原理估计岩石圈地震危险性和预测地震时，通常根据深部地震测深资料对地震危险区和非地震区进行地球物理模拟。高山区是有意义的地震危险区，但难以克服的地形复杂性的困难限制了深部地震测深的前景。中亚和哈萨克斯坦边境的天山和帕米尔高山区就是这样的地区。当深部地震测深没有前景时，唯一可能的通用方法是根据地震勘探原理利用区域地震观测资料解决岩石圈地球物理模拟问题。 相似文献
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数字观测时代的全球三维结构与地震定位研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
概述了地震学观测研究取得的地球内部结构的一些基本认识，并介绍了在数字地震观测时代，地震层析成像研究取得的一些进展，如敏感性分析、结构和定位联合反演、非线性反演和非规则的参量化方法等。同时就地震学的传统定位问题，概述了利用地震走时进行地球深部结构反演所涉及的一些基本问题，即数据资料、模型参量化、反演计算和敏感性分析中的具体细节问题。中就国际地学界近年来利用三维结构开展地震定位研究的动向，从地震精定位在地震成核、精细地质结构刻画、核查和震源破裂过程研究等方面的应用研究角度，希望在中国能尽快推进相应的地震精度定位工作。 相似文献
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新近取得的深反射与全球地震层析成像资料,为地球内部结构和流体通道的研究提供了一些依据．通过研究这些地震资料,可以了解地球内部物质分布状态的几何模式．综合研究表明,地球内存在流体通道网,它连通地球外核、中幔圈、软流圈和岩石圈,是固体地球系统的重要组成部分．这种通道网络象“动脉”那样把地球外核中的流体和热量向外传送,但与热羽说不同的是,不见得有对应的“静脉”存在以保持地幔质量平衡．固体地球作为多层次多要素的巨型复杂系统,其动力学过程要用浑沌理论去解释．研究地球流体活动的轨迹和吸引子,将有助于深入了解地球活动的规律性． 相似文献
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T. A. Aliev A. A. Alizade G. D. Etirmishli G. A. Guluev F. G. Pashaev A. G. Rzaev 《Seismic Instruments》2011,47(1):15-23
An intelligent system for monitoring anomalous seismic processes intended for predicting the beginning of an earthquake by
standard ground-based stations is presented. The problem is solved by analyzing the seismoacoustic signals coming from deep
layers of the Earth. The signals are detected by acoustic sensors placed at the mouths of deep suspended wells. 相似文献
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Understanding the processes that occur in the transition from the Pacific Ocean to Eurasia is key to constructing the tectonic models of the Earth’s shells and the convection models of the upper mantle. The electromagnetic methods permit estimating the temperature and fluid content (and/or carbon (graphite) content) in the Earth’s interior. These estimates are independent of the traditionally used estimates based on seismic methods because the dependence of electrical conductivity on the physical properties of the rock is based on different principles than the behavior of the elastic waves. The region is characterized by a complicated geological structure with intense three-dimensional (3D) surface heterogeneities, which significantly aggravate the retrieval of the information about the deep horizons in the structure of the Earth’s mantle from the observed electromagnetic (EM) fields. The detailed analysis of the nature of the deep electrical conductivity and structural features of the transition from the Pacific to Eurasia included numerical modeling of the typical two- and three-dimensional models has been carried out. Based on this analysis, the approaches that increase the reliability of the interpretation of the results of the EM studies are suggested. 相似文献
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Webster Ueipass Mohriak JosHenrique Lira Rabelo Renato Darros De Matos Mozart C. De Barros 《Journal of Geodynamics》1995,20(4)
The first deep seismic reflection profiles offshore Brazil were acquired in Campos Basin and processed to 10 s TWT in 1984. Starting in 1989, Petrobrás acquired an extensive data set of deep seismic profiles using special acquisition equipment capable of effectively penetrating through the sedimentary layers and imaging the whole crustal architecture. These deep (18 s TWT) seismic reflection profiles extend across the Atlantic-type marginal basins, from the platform to the deepwater province, presently considered frontier regions for petroleum exploration. This work addresses the geological objectives of a deep seismic profile in the Sergipe Basin and discusses the results obtained by integrating regional seismic, gravity and magnetic data. When combined, these data provide evidence that deep seismic reflectors observed in the Sergipe Basin are related to intracrustal-upper mantle structures rather than sedimentary features. The deep seismic reflection profile in the Sergipe Basin also suggests that, rather than a non-volcanic passive margin, the deepwater extension of this basin is marked by several magmatic structures, including thick wedges of seaward-dipping reflectors and volcanic plugs. These magmatic features are associated with basinforming processes resulting from lithospheric extension during the breakup of Gondwana in the Early Cretaceous and subsequent emplacement of oceanic crust. These results are compared to the crustal scale structures observed in the Campos Basin, in the southeastern margin of Brazil. The interpretation of the deep structure of these basins indicates that final separation between the South American and African plates formed passive margins characterized by different patterns of crustal attenuation underlying the rift blocks. 相似文献
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在青藏高原的地球科学研究中,国外科技界曾提出过六大论点——喜马拉雅山脉是地壳均衡的典范;青藏高原地壳乃是两个地壳的垂向重叠;雅鲁藏布江是印度洋板块和欧亚板块的缝合带;青藏高原西部的南北走向断裂带全为裂谷带;青藏高原腹地深部物质的向东逃逸;青藏高原下地壳物质通道流以及汶川MS8.0大地震的发生.这一系列论点确为国人广为引用与跟随,并发表了若干篇论著.然而在不断理解和深化研究的基点上提出了质疑,并基于新的认识提出了新的论点与论据,且在科学理念上给予了重新厘定.因为科学是为宇宙提供真正的写真. 相似文献
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Choon-Ki Lee Shin-Chan Han Bernhard Steinberger 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2011,184(1-2):51-62
The radial viscosity structure of the Earth is explored on the basis of the geoid observations. The variations of uncertainty in seismic tomography models are accounted for when finding the radial viscosity structure. The new methodology we propose attempts to fit more closely those features of the geoid that are better constrained by tomography models and avoids to fit those features that are poorly constrained. This approach is particularly important because the error of geoid predictions caused by uncertainties in seismic tomography models is overwhelmingly larger than the noise in the geoid measurements. The synthetic tests indicate that the viscosity structures obtained by disregarding the uncertainty variations in seismic tomography models can be biased depending on the geoid spectral band and on the ‘input’ seismic tomography model. When the uncertainty variations in seismic models are considered in the inversion process, results do not indicate a viscosity in the transition zone lower than in the upper mantle. A robust feature found with the new method is a viscosity in the upper mantle two orders of magnitude smaller than in the lower mantle. The error covariance of seismic tomography models is critical for the method we suggest. A covariance matrix rigorously derived by seismologists should help to even more reliably infer the viscosity structure and relation between anomalies in density and seismic velocities from surface observations such as the geoid, and thus lead to a better knowledge of the Earth interior. 相似文献
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Qiusheng Li Rui Gao Haiyan Wang Jisheng Zhang Zhanwu Lu Pengwu Li Ye Guan Rizheng He Lithosphere Research Centre 《地震学报(英文版)》2009,(4):389-393
It is difficult to acquire deep seismic reflection profiles on land using the standard oil-industry acquisition parameters. This is especially true over much of Tibetan plateau not only because of severe topography and rapid variation of both velocity and thickness of near-surface layer,but also strong attenuation of seismic wave through the thickest crust of the Earth. Large explosive sources had been successfully detonated in US,but its application in Tibetan plateau rarely has an example of good quality.... 相似文献
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Improving Seismic Resolution Through Array Processing Techniques 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Seismic arrays, first introduced in the late 1950s to detect underground nuclear explosions, have helped to improve our knowledge about the structure of the Earth for the last 40 years. During these years, numerous array processing methods have been developed that use the high signal coherence and accurate timing of array data to generate high-resolution images of Earth structure. Here, we present an overview of resolution issues related to seismic array studies of Earth structure by first introducing basic array processing techniques and then discussing more advanced techniques applied to array data recently. The increase of seismic stations deployed in experiments or permanently in many regions of the globe allows a much denser sampling of the seismic wavefield. This dense sampling enables the adaptation of controlled source analysis techniques for the study of Earth structure using earthquakes with higher resolution than previously possible. Here we will discuss different migration methods of teleseismic data that use the incidence angle information of scattered arrivals to obtain images of Earth structure. Finally, we show data examples how these methods can be used to increase our knowledge of the structure of the Earth’s deep interior. 相似文献
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N. V. Sharov 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2013,49(1):34-49
On the basis of analysis and generalization of the extensive seismic information obtained over the last forty years, the modern concept of the deep crustal structure in the central Karelian Craton is developed. The tomographic models are reconstructed, the stratification of the Earth’s crust and geometry of seismic boundaries are refined, and the subsidence of the boundary between the crust and mantle down to a depth of 60 km is noted. The comparison and integrated interpretation of the sections studied by the common depth point (CDP), deep seismic sounding (DSS), and converted-wave methods together with the available geological data shows that the results derived by different seismic methods differ markedly. However, since various methods have revealed the different characteristics of the medium, the entire body of seismic evidence can be used for geological interpretation. 相似文献